Modeling Transportation Emissions Using Radar Based Vehicle Detection Data
DOWNLOAD
Download Modeling Transportation Emissions Using Radar Based Vehicle Detection Data PDF/ePub or read online books in Mobi eBooks. Click Download or Read Online button to get Modeling Transportation Emissions Using Radar Based Vehicle Detection Data book now. This website allows unlimited access to, at the time of writing, more than 1.5 million titles, including hundreds of thousands of titles in various foreign languages. If the content not found or just blank you must refresh this page
Modeling Transportation Emissions Using Radar Based Vehicle Detection Data
DOWNLOAD
Author : Lang Yu
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Modeling Transportation Emissions Using Radar Based Vehicle Detection Data written by Lang Yu and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
This dissertation introduces a new and novel methodology for estimating vehicle emissions at signalized intersections. Radar based vehicle detection systems, when placed at intersection approaches, is able to track vehicle operational characteristics at very high frequency, thus provides an ideal data source for emission estimation. By combining radar based vehicle detection data and MOVES project level analysis operating mode distribution approach, a real-time emission estimation system for signalized intersections is proposed. The Emission Computation Tool for Radar Data is developed to facilitate the automatic and continuous computation of operating mode distribution and emissions. The emission rates computed can also be integrated with existing air dispersion models in order to be used for air quality conformity and hot spot analysis. A case study is conducted to test the feasibility and validity of the proposed real-time emission estimation system. The results showed that the data collected should be used for computing a variety of parameters, including traffic volume, average speed, operating mode distribution, total emissions and emission rates for various pollutants. With emission rates, existing pollutant dispersion models such as AERMOD are applied, yielding pollutant concentrations at various locations, providing additional functionalities to the system. Evaluation results showed that the traffic volume and emission rates computed matches closely with AADT data and EPA's emission standards. Finally, an operating mode based macroscopic emission model is developed by using both empirical data from the case study as well as incorporating existing traffic flow dynamics model. This predictive model is based on estimating total time spent in each operating mode directly from traffic demand and other variables. Total time idling is modeled using kinematic wave theory and queuing theory, while others are modeled using empirical data. The validation results showed that the model is able to achieve a high degree of accuracy, within approximately 10 percent of emission results computed using the radar data. In conclusion, both the proposed real-time emission estimation system at signalized intersections and the emission model developed showed to yield highly accurate and detailed results, and are applicable in real world intersection locations.
Emission Estimation Based On Traffic Models And Measurements
DOWNLOAD
Author : Nikolaos Tsanakas
language : en
Publisher: Linköping University Electronic Press
Release Date : 2019-04-24
Emission Estimation Based On Traffic Models And Measurements written by Nikolaos Tsanakas and has been published by Linköping University Electronic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-04-24 with categories.
Traffic congestion increases travel times, but also results in higher energy usage and vehicular emissions. To evaluate the impact of traffic emissions on environment and human health, the accurate estimation of their rates and location is required. Traffic emission models can be used for estimating emissions, providing emission factors in grams per vehicle and kilometre. Emission factors are defined for specific traffic situations, and traffic data is necessary in order to determine these traffic situations along a traffic network. The required traffic data, which consists of average speed and flow, can be obtained either from traffic models or sensor measurements. In large urban areas, the collection of cross-sectional data from stationary sensors is a costefficient method of deriving traffic data for emission modelling. However, the traditional approaches of extrapolating this data in time and space may not accurately capture the variations of the traffic variables when congestion is high, affecting the emission estimation. Static transportation planning models, commonly used for the evaluation of infrastructure investments and policy changes, constitute an alternative efficient method of estimating the traffic data. Nevertheless, their static nature may result in an inaccurate estimation of dynamic traffic variables, such as the location of congestion, having a direct impact on emission estimation. Congestion is strongly correlated with increased emission rates, and since emissions have location specific effects, the location of congestion becomes a crucial aspect. Therefore, the derivation of traffic data for emission modelling usually relies on the simplified, traditional approaches. The aim of this thesis is to identify, quantify and finally reduce the potential errors that these traditional approaches introduce in an emission estimation analysis. According to our main findings, traditional approaches may be sufficient for analysing pollutants with global effects such as CO2, or for large-scale emission modelling applications such as emission inventories. However, for more temporally and spatially sensitive applications, such as dispersion and exposure modelling, a more detailed approach is needed. In case of cross-sectional measurements, we suggest and evaluate the use of a more detailed, but computationally more expensive, data extrapolation approach. Additionally, considering the inabilities of static models, we propose and evaluate the post-processing of their results, by applying quasi-dynamic network loading.
Guide To Truck Activity Data For Emissions Modeling
DOWNLOAD
Author : Christopher Porter
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Guide To Truck Activity Data For Emissions Modeling written by Christopher Porter and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with Diesel motor exhaust gas categories.
TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Research Report 909: Guide to Truck Activity Data for Emissions Modeling explores methods, procedures, and data sets needed to capture commercial vehicle activity, vehicle characteristics, and operations to assist in estimating and forecasting criteria pollutants, air toxics, and greenhouse gas emissions from goods and services movement. Goods movement is a vital part of the national economy, with freight movement growing faster than passenger travel. The growth in freight traffic is contributing to urban congestion, resulting in hours of delay, increased shipping costs, wasted fuel, and greater emissions of greenhouse gas and criteria pollutants. The limited national data on urban goods movement are insufficient for a thorough understanding of the characteristics of the trucks operating in metropolitan areas and the complex logistical chains that they serve. For instance, there are at least three different segments of urban freight--long haul, drayage, and pickup and delivery. It is believed that truck fleet characteristics differ between the segments, but only local registration data exist at a level of detail needed to support regional transportation plans, transportation improvement plans, and state implementation plans. The lack of data on all types of commercial trucks affects model estimation and results in inaccurate base year emissions inventories, limiting the ability to design and implement effective policies to reduce freight-related emissions. NCHRP Research Report 909 enumerates various sources of truck data and how they can be obtained and used to support emissions modeling.
The Impact Of Dynamic Assignment Methods And Speed Variability On Regional Vehicle Emissions Inventories
DOWNLOAD
Author : Song Bai
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
The Impact Of Dynamic Assignment Methods And Speed Variability On Regional Vehicle Emissions Inventories written by Song Bai and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with categories.
Modeling Mobile Source Emissions
DOWNLOAD
Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2000-08-14
Modeling Mobile Source Emissions written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-08-14 with Science categories.
The Mobile Source Emissions Factor (MOBILE) model is a computer model developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for estimating emissions from on-road motor vehicles. MOBILE is used in air-quality planning and regulation for estimating emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) and for predicting the effects of emissions-reduction programs. Because of its important role in air-quality management, the accuracy of MOBILE is critical. Possible consequences of inaccurately characterizing motor-vehicle emissions include the implementation of insufficient controls that endanger the environment and public health or the implementation of ineffective policies that impose excessive control costs. Billions of dollars per year in transportation funding are linked to air-quality attainment plans, which rely on estimates of mobile-source emissions. Transportation infrastructure decisions are also affected by emissions estimates from MOBILE. In response to a request from Congress, the National Research Council established the Committee to Review EPA's Mobile Source Emissions Factor (MOBILE) Model in October 1998. The committee was charged to evaluate MOBILE and to develop recommendations for improving the model.
Micro Scale On Road Vehicle Specific Emissions Measurement And Modeling
DOWNLOAD
Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Micro Scale On Road Vehicle Specific Emissions Measurement And Modeling written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with categories.
The main objectives of this work are to quantify and compare intra- and inter-vehicle variability in fuel use and emissions and to develop capabilities of measuring and estimating fuel use and emissions at the micro-scale. This dissertation developed methodology to achieve the objectives, including experimental design for on-road data collection using a portable emission measurement system (PEMS), road grade estimation, evaluation of measurement accuracy, quantification of intra- and inter-vehicle variability in emissions, and micro-scale emissions modeling. A Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR)-based method for road grade estimation was shown to be accurate and reliable. Measurement accuracy on a trip or mode basis was shown to be adequate. Routes, drivers, road grade, and time of day are significant sources of intra-vehicle variability. Significant inter-vehicle variability in emissions was observed, although only a small number of vehicles were tested and all belong to the same vehicle class. Thus, for accurate emission inventory development, both intra- and inter-vehicle variability should be taken into account. Consecutive averages were used for micro-scale emissions modeling to account for the response time of the PEMS. Choice of averaging time determines the model spatial and temporal resolution of prediction. Models for all pollutants are generally accurate, and precise in fuel use and CO2 emission estimation and moderately precise for other pollutants for various averaging times. Furthermore, models are capable of capturing the micro-scale events in emissions. Thus, the modeling schemes developed here can be used for a variety of applications including identification of the hotspots in emissions, transportation improvement programs on a corridor or intersection level, and more representative and accurate regional emission inventories development.
Modal Emissions Modeling With Real Traffic Data
DOWNLOAD
Author : Jason A. Crawford
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
Modal Emissions Modeling With Real Traffic Data written by Jason A. Crawford and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Air categories.
This report details the use of a modal emissions model to estimate the relative emissions of CO due to changes in vehicle operating characteristics on urban roadways. The Davis Institute for Transportation Studies Emissions Model (DITSEM) was selected to demonstrate the emissions characteristics of different freeway operating conditions. Instrumented vehicle data collected in Houston, Texas provides a set of operating parameters for which CO emissions are estimated. These estimates are calculated for different times of the day on the same facility to determine the relative emissions levels from a representative vehicle traveling on the freeway. The research team examined 10 samples along three roadways (two freeways, and one arterial). Implausible results were found in data exhibiting high average speeds (>60 mph) where average emissions rates were higher than those on the same roadway under congested conditions. This led to several conclusions of which the most important was that the DITSEM model not be used with samples where the percent of the driving cycle greater than 60 mph 2/sec exceeds 9%. This limit represents the highest value from which the model was derived for this variable. In addition, it is noted that the speed instrumentation was not able to provide sufficient precision for meaningful analysis with the available data.
Improving Transportation Data For Mobile Source Emission Estimates
DOWNLOAD
Author : Arun Chatterjee
language : en
Publisher: Transportation Research Board
Release Date : 1997
Improving Transportation Data For Mobile Source Emission Estimates written by Arun Chatterjee and has been published by Transportation Research Board this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Air categories.
Measurement Analysis And Modeling Of On Road Vehicle Emissions Using Remote Sensing
DOWNLOAD
Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1905
Measurement Analysis And Modeling Of On Road Vehicle Emissions Using Remote Sensing written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1905 with categories.
The main objectives of this research are; to develop on-road emission factor estimates for carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions; to collect traffic and vehicle parameters that might be important in explaining variability in vehicle emissions; to develop an empirical traffic-based model that can predict vehicle emissions based upon observable traffic and vehicle parameters. Remote sensing technology were employed to collect exhaust emissions data. Traffic parameters were collected using an area-wide traffic detector, MOBILIZER. During the measurements, license plates were also recorded to obtain information on vehicle parameters. Data were collected at two sites, having different road grades and site geometries, over 10 days of field work at the Research Triangle area of North Carolina. A total of 11,830 triggered measurement attempts were recorded. After post-processing, 7,056 emissions were kept in the data base as valid measurements. After combining with the traffic and license vehicle parameters, a data base has been developed. Exploratory analysis has been conducted to find variables that are important to explain the variability of the emission estimates. Statistical methods were used to compare the mean of the emissions estimates for different sub-populations. For example, multi-comparison analysis has been conducted to compare the mean emissions estimates from vehicles having different model years. This analysis showed that the mean emissions from older vehicles were statistically different than the mean emissions estimates from the recent model year vehicles. One of the contributions of the research was developing an empirical traffic-based emission estimation model. For this purpose, data collected during the study were used to develop a novel model which combines the Hierarchical Tree-Based Regression method and Ordinary Least Squares regression. The key findings from this research include: (1) the measured mean CO emission estimate for Resear.
Modeling In Use Vehicle Emissions And The Effects Of Inspection And Maintenance Programs
DOWNLOAD
Author : Winston Harrington
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1992
Modeling In Use Vehicle Emissions And The Effects Of Inspection And Maintenance Programs written by Winston Harrington and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with categories.