Nucleoside Analogs In Cancer Therapy
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Nucleoside Analogs In Cancer Therapy
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Author : Bruce D. Cheson
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2021-10-28
Nucleoside Analogs In Cancer Therapy written by Bruce D. Cheson and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-10-28 with Medical categories.
Offering the most current and complete coverage of nucleoside analog activity in oncology and hematology, this single-source volume includes topics from pharmacology to previously unpublished clinical findings on the pivotal role of fludarabine, cladribine, and pentostatin in the management of diseases, such as chronic lymphocytic and hairy cell leukemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, membranous nephropathy, and rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis.
Deoxynucleoside Analogs In Cancer Therapy
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Author : Godefridus J Peters
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2007-11-07
Deoxynucleoside Analogs In Cancer Therapy written by Godefridus J Peters and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-11-07 with Medical categories.
Successful cancer chemotherapy relies heavily on the application of various deoxynucleoside analogs. Since the very beginning of modern cancer chemotherapy, a number of antimetabolites have been introduced into the clinic and subsequently applied widely for the treatment of many malignancies, both solid tumors and hematological disorders. In the latter diseases, cytarabine has been the mainstay of treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. Although many novel compounds were synthesized in the 1980s and 1990s, no real improvement was made. However, novel technology is now capable of elucidating the molecular basis of several inborn errors as well as some specific malignancies. This has enabled the synthesis of several deoxynucleoside analogs that could be applied for specific malignancies, such as pentostatin and subsequently chlorodeoxyadenosine (cladribine) for the treatment of hairy cell leukemia. Already in the early stage of deoxynucleoside analog development, it was recognized that several of these compounds were very effective in the treatment of various viral infections, such as for the treatment of herpes infections. This formed the basis initially for the design of azidothymidine and subsequently many other analogs, which are currently successfully used for the treatment of HIV infections. As a spin-off of these research lines, some compounds not eligible for development as antiviral agents appeared to be very potent anticancer agents. The classical example is gemcitabine, now one of the most widely applied deoxynucleoside analogs, used for the (combination) treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer, and ovarian cancer.
Nucleoside Analogues
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Author : R. T. Walker
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Nucleoside Analogues written by R. T. Walker and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
This publication contains the Review Lectures given at a joint NATO Advanced Study Institute and a FEB S Advanced Study Course, held at Sogesta (Nr. Urbino), Italy from the 7th - 18th May 1979. The Course entitled "Nucleoside Analogues : Chemistry, Biology and Medical Applications" was held for several reasons. In the past few years, many useful and potentially-useful nucleoside analogues have either reached the stage of clinical use or are undergoing clinical trials. Many more compounds have been synthesised by the organic chemist and little more has been done with them other than possibly a few perfunctory biological tests. This is often due to either a lack of interest or an inadequate knowledge of the testing proced ures available or a lack of communication between the chemist, biochemist, pharmacologist and the clinician such that few compounds receive the testing and evaluation which they deserve. The aim of this meeting was to gather together many of the experts in the different scientific disciplines which are involved in the design, synthesis, testing and clinical use of nucleoside analogues, primarily as anti-viral and anti-cancer agents, and to discuss in depth the fundamental principles of each discipline so that participants could understand each other's problems and be more aware of the information required and that which can be obtained.
Pharmacological Control Of Human Nucleoside Transporters In Endothelial And Cancer Cells By Emodin
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Author : Yuen-Ting Lin
language : en
Publisher: Open Dissertation Press
Release Date : 2017-01-26
Pharmacological Control Of Human Nucleoside Transporters In Endothelial And Cancer Cells By Emodin written by Yuen-Ting Lin and has been published by Open Dissertation Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-01-26 with categories.
This dissertation, "Pharmacological Control of Human Nucleoside Transporters in Endothelial and Cancer Cells by Emodin" by Yuen-ting, Lin, 林婉婷, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Nucleosides possess many physiological and pharmacological properties. Among nucleosides, adenosine is a particularly important as it regulates many physiological functions in cardiovascular system. For instance, adenosine possesses anti-inflammatory effect through its action on endothelial cells. The functions of adenosine are indirectly controlled by the human equilibrative nucleoside transporters (hENTs). These transporters mediate the uptake of adenosine, thereby reducing the amount of extracellular adenosine available for the adenosine receptors and hence reducing its vascular protective effects. Nucleoside analogs such as gemcitabine, are commonly used as anti-cancer drugs in chemotherapy. Most of the anti-cancer nucleoside drugs require human concentrative nucleoside transporters (hCNTs) for their transport into cancer cells. On the other hand, hENTs is supposed to be responsible for the efflux of anti-cancer nucleoside drugs out of the cancer cells. In theory, hENT inhibitors should reduce the removal of adenosine from extracellular compartment by endothelial cells and hence increase and prolong the cardioprotective effect of adenosine. hENT inhibitors should also inhibit the efflux of anti-cancer nucleoside drugs, that in turn increases the drug accumulation in the cancer cells, resulting in a higher efficacy. Some typical and clinically used hENT inhibitors have side effects which limit their uses. Emodin, an active ingredient in many herbs, has been proven to have cardioprotective and anti-tumor properties. However, the mechanisms are not fully understood. We hypothesized that these properties may relate to its interaction with nucleoside transporters. The aims of this study were to investigate the pharmacological effects of emodin on hENTs and its implications on vascular functions and anti-cancer therapy. Our result showed that emodin inhibited both hENT-1 and hENT-2 dose-dependently with no priority to any subtypes of hENTs. The inhibitory effect of emodin on hENTs was reversible and non-competitive, indicating that emodin may interact with the allosteric sites on hENTs. 1,8-dihdroxy-3-methyl anthraquinone, which is similar to emodin in terms of chemical structure but it lacks hydroxyl group at position 3, did not inhibit hENTs. It implied that the presence of 3-hydroxyl group was critical for the inhibitory effect of emodin. Our result also demonstrated that emodin reduced the lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of adhesion molecule in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, reflecting its anti-inflammatory effect. Emodin also enhanced the cytotoxic effect of gemcitabine in HepG2, a liver cancer cell line. Nevertheless, these effects may not be due to the inhibitory effect of emodin on hENTs and further investigation is required. DOI: 10.5353/th_b4852188 Subjects: Endothelial Nucleosides Cancer - Chemotherapy
Development And Investigation Of Carboranyl Nucleosides For Born Neutron Capture Therapy Of Cancer And Fluorinated Nucleoside Analogs As Antiviral Agents For The Treatment Of Human Immunodefficiency Virus Hiv And Hepatitis B Hbv
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Author : John Jeffrey McAtee
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
Development And Investigation Of Carboranyl Nucleosides For Born Neutron Capture Therapy Of Cancer And Fluorinated Nucleoside Analogs As Antiviral Agents For The Treatment Of Human Immunodefficiency Virus Hiv And Hepatitis B Hbv written by John Jeffrey McAtee and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Antiviral agents categories.
New Strategies Targeting Cancer Metabolism
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Author : Galal H. Elgemeie
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2022-05-17
New Strategies Targeting Cancer Metabolism written by Galal H. Elgemeie and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-05-17 with Science categories.
New Strategies Targeting Cancer Metabolism: Anticancer Drugs, Synthetic Analogues and Antitumor Agents presents up-to-date synthetic strategies for three categories of antimetabolites: antifolates, purines and pyrimidines, the main classes of antimetabolites which are integrated into various pharmaceutical agents. Many of these antimetabolites are considered potent chemotherapeutic agents which have great potential impact on medical research. These main classes of antimetabolites are used in the treatment of critical diseases including cancer, malignancies, autoimmune diseases, and many other non-malignant diseases. Antineoplastic drugs such as alkylating agents which have significant effects are described. Novel synthetic strategies for many anticancer alkylating agents including nitrogen mustards, chlorambucil, melphalan, ifosamide, oxaliplatin and temozolomide are explored. Natural products have offered some of the most significant drugs for treating cancer, as many drugs currently in clinical use are derived from natural products as camptothecins, vinca alkaloids, and derivatives of podophyllotoxin. They provide a contribution that is essential for modern drug discovery and development. In this book, insights into a broad array of novel compounds are reviewed, well-recognized synthetic approaches are emphasized for further anticancer drug development and discovery, and the biological evaluation of novel synthesized compounds are included. This comprehensive reference is a valuable resource for medical chemists working in drug discovery and development, as well as pharmacologists and biochemists working in related fields. Provides the only resource dedicated to synthetic strategies of antimetabolites Features synthetic strategies for nucleosides and their analogues Includes coverage of purine-, pyrimidine- and antifolate-based anticancer drugs The most significant anticancer alkylating agents and natural products are demonstrated
Development And Investigation Of Carboranyl Nucleosides For Boron Neutron Capture Therapy Of Cancer And Fluorinated Nucleoside Analogs As Antiviral Agents For The Treatment Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Hiv And Hepatitis B Hbv
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Author : John Jeffrey McAtee
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
Development And Investigation Of Carboranyl Nucleosides For Boron Neutron Capture Therapy Of Cancer And Fluorinated Nucleoside Analogs As Antiviral Agents For The Treatment Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Hiv And Hepatitis B Hbv written by John Jeffrey McAtee and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with categories.
Some Antiviral And Antineoplastic Drugs And Other Pharmaceutical Agents
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Author : IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans
language : en
Publisher: World Health Organization
Release Date : 2000
Some Antiviral And Antineoplastic Drugs And Other Pharmaceutical Agents written by IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans and has been published by World Health Organization this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Health & Fitness categories.
Evaluates the carcinogenic risks to humans posed by the use of four antiretroviral agents four DNA topoisomerase II inhibitors used in the treatment of cancer and an additional three pharmaceutical agents (hydroxyures phenolphthalein and vitamin K substances). The volume marks the first IARC evaluation of nucleoside analogs that act as antiviral agents. The evaluation responds in part to recent findings that zidovudine (AZT) an effective antiretroviral agent now being given to pregnant HIV-infected women to prevent maternal-to-fetal transmission of the virus is a transplacental carcinogen in mice. The opening monograph evaluates the carcinogenicity to humans of the antiretroviral nucleoside analogs zidovudine (AZT) zalcitabine (ddC) and didanosine (ddI) and the antiherpesvirus drug aciclovir. Of these aciclovir and didanosine could not be classified on the basis of available data. For zidovudine transplacental administration to mice resulted in an increased incidence and multiplicity of lung and liver tumours and in an increased incidence of female reproductive tract tumours in one study but not in another involving treatment at a lower dose. Despite observation of toxic effects in some studies of humans human carcinogenicity data were judged to provide inadequate evidence of carcinogenicity in humans. Zidovudine was classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. Similar weaknesses in human carcinogenicity data for zalcitabine which consistently induces thymic lymphomas in mice resulted in its classification as possibly carcinogenic to humans. The second monograph evaluates four DNA topoisomerase II inhibitors: etoposide teniposide mitoxantrone and amsacrine. Of these etoposide - one of the most widely used and effective cytotoxic drugs in combination therapy - was classified as probably carcinogenic to humans and etoposide in combination with cisplatin and bleomycin was judged to be carcinogenic to humans. Teniposide was classified as probably carcinogenic to humans and mitoxantrone and amsacrine were classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. Of the three pharmaceutical agents evaluated in the final monograph hydroxyurea which is widely used in cancer treatment and increasingly in combination with didanosine in HIV infection could not be classified. Phenolphthalein a widely used laxative now being withdrawn from the market in many countries because of toxicological concerns was classified as possibly carcinogenic. Vitamin K substances could not be classified on the basis of available evidence.
Dna Methylation And Cancer Therapy
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Author : Moshe Szyf
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2005-01-20
Dna Methylation And Cancer Therapy written by Moshe Szyf and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-01-20 with Medical categories.
NA methylation has bewildered molecular biologists since Hotchkiss discovered it almost six decades ago (Hotchkiss RDJ. Biol Cem 1948; 175:315-332). The fact that the chemical structure of our D genome consists of two components that are covalently bound, the genetic information that is replicated by the DNA replication machinery ana DNA methylation that is maintainea by independent enzymatic machinery, has redictably stimulated the imagination and curiosity of generations of mo Edular biologists. An obvious question was whether DNA methylation was a bearer of additional information to the genetic information and what was the nature of this information? It was tempting to speculate that DNA me thylation applied some form of control over programming of the genome s expression profile. Once techniques to probe the methylation profile of whole genomes as well as specific genes became available, it became clear that DNA methylation patterns are gene and tissue specific and that patterns of gene expression correlate with patterns of methylation. DNA methylation pat terns emerged as the only component of the chemical structure of DNA that exhibited tissue and cell specificity. This data seemingly provided an attrac tively simple explanation for the longstanding dilemma of how could one identical genome manifest itself in so many different forms in multicellular organisms? The DNA methylation pattern has thus become the only known factor to confer upon DNA a unique cellular identity.
Composition Use Of Nucleoside Analogues And Gene Transfection For Tissue Imaging And Therapy
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Author : Edward E. Knaus
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996
Composition Use Of Nucleoside Analogues And Gene Transfection For Tissue Imaging And Therapy written by Edward E. Knaus and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Cancer categories.