Oecd Series On Testing And Assessment Guidance Document On Considerations For Waiving Or Bridging Of Mammalian Acute Toxicity Tests
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Oecd Series On Testing And Assessment Guidance Document On Considerations For Waiving Or Bridging Of Mammalian Acute Toxicity Tests
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Author : OECD
language : en
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Release Date : 2017-04-13
Oecd Series On Testing And Assessment Guidance Document On Considerations For Waiving Or Bridging Of Mammalian Acute Toxicity Tests written by OECD and has been published by OECD Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-04-13 with categories.
Acute toxicity tests are an area of focus for developing alternative assays and approaches to address animal welfare concerns. In the context of this document, acute toxicity studies refer to studies involving a single exposure to a test chemical and include those assessing systemic toxicity as ...
Oecd Series On Testing And Assessment Guidance Document On The Reporting Of Defined Approaches To Be Used Within Integrated Approaches To Testing And Assessment
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Author : OECD
language : en
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Release Date : 2017-04-13
Oecd Series On Testing And Assessment Guidance Document On The Reporting Of Defined Approaches To Be Used Within Integrated Approaches To Testing And Assessment written by OECD and has been published by OECD Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-04-13 with categories.
With a view to assisting the evaluation of integrated approaches to testing and assessment (IATA) in regulatory decision-making within OECD Member Countries, this guidance document provides a set of principles for reporting defined approaches to testing and assessment that can be used as one of ...
Chemical Testing Using New Approach Methodologies Nams
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Author : Amy J. Clippinger
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2022-12-16
Chemical Testing Using New Approach Methodologies Nams written by Amy J. Clippinger and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-12-16 with Science categories.
Nanocarriers For Drug Delivery
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Author : Josimar O. Eloy
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021
Nanocarriers For Drug Delivery written by Josimar O. Eloy and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with Biomedical materials categories.
This book covers basic aspects of different nanoparticles, including type of materials, lipid, polymeric and inorganic structures, synthesis strategies, as well as the main physicochemical characterization techniques. Moreover, this book addresses applications for both treatment and diagnosis of diseases, highlighting in vitro and in vivo findings and clinical evaluation. The chapters highlight the main barriers for drug delivery which can benefit from nanoencapsulation: the topical and oral routes. The main innovations in the field, such as gene therapy and functionalization of nanoparticles with a variety of moieties, including monoclonal antibodies for selective delivery, are discussed and illustrated with examples. Finally, the application of nanoparticles for drug delivery to cancer is reviewed considering toxicology and regulatory aspects.
Oecd Guidelines For The Testing Of Chemicals Section 4 Test No 402 Acute Dermal Toxicity
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Author : OECD
language : en
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Release Date : 2017-10-09
Oecd Guidelines For The Testing Of Chemicals Section 4 Test No 402 Acute Dermal Toxicity written by OECD and has been published by OECD Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-10-09 with categories.
This method provides information on health hazard likely to arise from a short-term exposure to solid or liquid test substance by the dermal route. This Test Guideline is intended primarily for use with rodents (rat, rabbit or guinea pig may be ...
Assessing Risks To Endangered And Threatened Species From Pesticides
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2013-06-20
Assessing Risks To Endangered And Threatened Species From Pesticides written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-20 with Nature categories.
The US Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) and the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) are responsible for protecting species that are listed as endangered or threatened under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) and for protecting habitats that are critical for their survival. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is responsible for registering or reregistering pesticides under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) and must ensure that pesticide use does not cause any unreasonable adverse effects on the environment, which is interpreted to include listed species and their critical habitats. The agencies have developed their own approaches to evaluating environmental risk, and their approaches differ because their legal mandates, responsibilities, institutional cultures, and expertise differ. Over the years, the agencies have tried to resolve their differences but have been unsuccessful in reaching a consensus regarding their assessment approaches. As a result, FWS, NMFS, EPA, and the US Department of Agriculture asked the National Research Council (NRC) to examine scientific and technical issues related to determining risks posed to listed species by pesticides. Specifically, the NRC was asked to evaluate methods for identifying the best scientific data available; to evaluate approaches for developing modeling assumptions; to identify authoritative geospatial information that might be used in risk assessments; to review approaches for characterizing sublethal, indirect, and cumulative effects; to assess the scientific information available for estimating effects of mixtures and inert ingredients; and to consider the use of uncertainty factors to account for gaps in data. Assessing Risks to Endangered and Threatened Species from Pesticides, which was prepared by the NRC Committee on Ecological Risk Assessment under FIFRA and ESA, is the response to that request.
Drug Discovery And Evaluation Methods In Clinical Pharmacology
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Author : H.Gerhard Vogel
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2010-12-15
Drug Discovery And Evaluation Methods In Clinical Pharmacology written by H.Gerhard Vogel and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-12-15 with Medical categories.
Drug Discovery and Evaluation has become a more and more difficult, expensive and time-consuming process. The effect of a new compound has to be detected by in vitro and in vivo methods of pharmacology. The activity spectrum and the potency compared to existing drugs have to be determined. As these processes can be divided up stepwise we have designed a book series "Drug Discovery and Evaluation" in the form of a recommendation document. The methods to detect drug targets are described in the first volume of this series "Pharmacological Assays" comprising classical methods as well as new technologies. Before going to man, the most suitable compound has to be selected by pharmacokinetic studies and experiments in toxicology. These preclinical methods are described in the second volume „Safety and Pharmacokinetic Assays". Only then are first studies in human beings allowed. Special rules are established for Phase I studies. Clinical pharmacokinetics are performed in parallel with human studies on tolerability and therapeutic effects. Special studies according to various populations and different therapeutic indications are necessary. These items are covered in the third volume: „Methods in Clinical Pharmacology".
Alternatives To Animal Testing
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Author : Hajime Kojima
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-12-27
Alternatives To Animal Testing written by Hajime Kojima and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-12-27 with Medical categories.
This open access book presents recent advances in the pure sciences that are of significance in the quest for alternatives to the use of animals in research and describes a variety of practical applications of the three key guiding principles for the more ethical use of animals in experiments – replacement, reduction, and refinement, collectively known as the 3Rs. Important examples from across the world of implementation of the 3Rs in the testing of cosmetics, chemicals, pesticides, and biologics, including vaccines, are described, with additional information on relevant regulations. The coverage also encompasses emerging approaches to alternative tests and the 3Rs. The book is based on the most informative contributions delivered at the Asian Congress 2016 on Alternatives and Animal Use in the Life Sciences. It will be of value for those working in R&D, for graduate students, and for educators in various fields, including the pharmaceutical and cosmetic sciences, pharmacology, toxicology, and animal welfare. The free, open access distribution of Alternatives to Animal Testing is enabled by the Creative Commons Attribution license in International version 4: CC BY 4.0.
Alternative Toxicological Methods
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Author : Harry Salem
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2003-03-26
Alternative Toxicological Methods written by Harry Salem and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-03-26 with Medical categories.
Bringing together the recent and relevant contributions of over 125 scientists from industry, government, and academia in North America and Western Europe, Alternative Toxicological Methods explores the development and validation of replacement, reduction, and refinement alternatives (the 3Rs) to animal testing. Internationally recognized scientist
Oecd Guidelines For The Testing Of Chemicals Section 4 Test No 420 Acute Oral Toxicity Fixed Dose Procedure
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Author : OECD
language : en
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Release Date : 2002-02-08
Oecd Guidelines For The Testing Of Chemicals Section 4 Test No 420 Acute Oral Toxicity Fixed Dose Procedure written by OECD and has been published by OECD Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-02-08 with categories.
A principle of the method is that in the main study only moderately toxic doses are used, and the administration of doses that are expected to be lethal should be avoided. This Guideline is intended primarily for use with rat. Groups of animals of a ...