Oecd Series On Testing And Assessment The Adverse Outcome Pathway For Skin Sensitisation Initiated By Covalent Binding To Proteins
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Oecd Series On Testing And Assessment The Adverse Outcome Pathway For Skin Sensitisation Initiated By Covalent Binding To Proteins
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Author : OECD
language : en
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Release Date : 2014-09-03
Oecd Series On Testing And Assessment The Adverse Outcome Pathway For Skin Sensitisation Initiated By Covalent Binding To Proteins written by OECD and has been published by OECD Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-09-03 with categories.
This document describes the state of knowledge of the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) for skin sensitisation initiated by covalent binding to proteins, assesses the weight-of-evidence supporting the AOP, identifies the key events, and identifies databases containing test results related to key events.
Oecd Guidelines For The Testing Of Chemicals Section 4 Test No 442c In Chemico Skin Sensitisation Assays Addressing The Adverse Outcome Pathway Key Event On Covalent Binding To Proteins
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Author : OECD
language : en
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Release Date : 2024-06-25
Oecd Guidelines For The Testing Of Chemicals Section 4 Test No 442c In Chemico Skin Sensitisation Assays Addressing The Adverse Outcome Pathway Key Event On Covalent Binding To Proteins written by OECD and has been published by OECD Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-06-25 with categories.
The present Key Event based Test Guideline addresses the human health hazard endpoint skin sensitisation, following exposure to a test chemical. Skin sensitisation refers to an allergic response following skin contact with the tested chemical, as defined by the United Nations Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (UN GHS). This Test Guideline is proposed to address the Molecular Initiating Event leading to skin sensitisation, namely protein reactivity, by quantifying the reactivity of test chemicals towards model synthetic peptides or amino acid derivatives containing either lysine or cysteine. This Test Guideline provides three in chemico test methods addressing the same Key Event on the Adverse Outcome Pathway for Skin Sensitisation: (i) the Direct Peptide Reactivity Assay – DPRA, (ii) the Amino Acid Derivative Reactivity Assay – ADRA and (iii) the kinetic Direct Peptide Reactivity Assay – kDPRA. The DPRA and ADRA are used for supporting the discrimination between skin sensitisers and non-sensitisers in accordance with the UN GHS. In contrast, the kDPRA allows discrimination of UN GHS subcategory 1A skin sensitisers from those not categorised as subcategory 1A, i.e. subcategory 1B or no category but does not allow to distinguish sensitisers from non-sensitisers.
A Systems Biology Approach To Advancing Adverse Outcome Pathways For Risk Assessment
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Author : Natàlia Garcia-Reyero
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-02-24
A Systems Biology Approach To Advancing Adverse Outcome Pathways For Risk Assessment written by Natàlia Garcia-Reyero and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-02-24 with Science categories.
Social pressure to minimize the use of animal testing, the ever-increasing concern on animal welfare, and the need for more human-relevant and more predictive toxicity tests are some of the drivers for new approaches to chemical screening. This book focuses on The Adverse Outcome Pathway, an analytical construct that describes a sequential chain of causally linked events at different levels of biological organization that lead to an adverse health or ecotoxicological effect. While past efforts have focused on toxicological pathway-based vision for human and ecological health assessment relying on in vitro systems and predictive models, The Adverse Outcome Pathway framework provides a simplified and structured way to organize toxicological information. Within the book, a systems biology approach supplies the tools to infer, link, and quantify the molecular initiating events and the key events and key event relationships leading to adverse outcomes. The advancement of these tools is crucial for the successful implementation of AOPs for regulatory purposes.
Alternatives To Animal Testing
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Author : Hajime Kojima
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-12-27
Alternatives To Animal Testing written by Hajime Kojima and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-12-27 with Medical categories.
This open access book presents recent advances in the pure sciences that are of significance in the quest for alternatives to the use of animals in research and describes a variety of practical applications of the three key guiding principles for the more ethical use of animals in experiments – replacement, reduction, and refinement, collectively known as the 3Rs. Important examples from across the world of implementation of the 3Rs in the testing of cosmetics, chemicals, pesticides, and biologics, including vaccines, are described, with additional information on relevant regulations. The coverage also encompasses emerging approaches to alternative tests and the 3Rs. The book is based on the most informative contributions delivered at the Asian Congress 2016 on Alternatives and Animal Use in the Life Sciences. It will be of value for those working in R&D, for graduate students, and for educators in various fields, including the pharmaceutical and cosmetic sciences, pharmacology, toxicology, and animal welfare. The free, open access distribution of Alternatives to Animal Testing is enabled by the Creative Commons Attribution license in International version 4: CC BY 4.0.
Skin Allergy An Issue Of Immunology And Allergy Clinics Of North America E Book
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Author : Susan Nedorost
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
Release Date : 2021-07-08
Skin Allergy An Issue Of Immunology And Allergy Clinics Of North America E Book written by Susan Nedorost and has been published by Elsevier Health Sciences this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-07-08 with Medical categories.
Skin Allergy, An Issue of Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America, E-Book
Oecd Series On Testing And Assessment Guidance Document On The Reporting Of Defined Approaches To Be Used Within Integrated Approaches To Testing And Assessment
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Author : OECD
language : en
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Release Date : 2017-04-13
Oecd Series On Testing And Assessment Guidance Document On The Reporting Of Defined Approaches To Be Used Within Integrated Approaches To Testing And Assessment written by OECD and has been published by OECD Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-04-13 with categories.
With a view to assisting the evaluation of integrated approaches to testing and assessment (IATA) in regulatory decision-making within OECD Member Countries, this guidance document provides a set of principles for reporting defined approaches to testing and assessment that can be used as one of ...
Oecd Series On Testing And Assessment Guidance Document On The Reporting Of Defined Approaches And Individual Information Sources To Be Used Within Integrated Approaches To Testing And Assessment Iata For Skin Sensitisation
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Author : OECD
language : en
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Release Date : 2017-07-11
Oecd Series On Testing And Assessment Guidance Document On The Reporting Of Defined Approaches And Individual Information Sources To Be Used Within Integrated Approaches To Testing And Assessment Iata For Skin Sensitisation written by OECD and has been published by OECD Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-07-11 with categories.
With a view to assisting the evaluation of integrated approaches to testing and assessment (IATA) in regulatory decision-making within OECD Member Countries, this guidance document provides guidance on the reporting of defined approaches to testing and assessment in the area of skin ...
Oecd Guidelines For The Testing Of Chemicals Section 4 Guideline No 497 Defined Approaches On Skin Sensitisation
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Author : OECD
language : en
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Release Date : 2023-07-04
Oecd Guidelines For The Testing Of Chemicals Section 4 Guideline No 497 Defined Approaches On Skin Sensitisation written by OECD and has been published by OECD Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-07-04 with categories.
A Defined Approach (DA) consists of a selection of information sources (e.g in silico predictions, in chemico, in vitro data) used in a specific combination, and resulting data are interpreted using a fixed data interpretation procedure (DIP) (e.g. a mathematical, rule-based model). DAs use methods in combination and are intended to overcome some limitations of the individual, stand-alone methods.
Oecd Guidelines For The Testing Of Chemicals Section 4 Test No 442d In Vitro Skin Sensitisation Assays Addressing The Adverse Outcome Pathway Key Event On Keratinocyte Activation
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Author : OECD
language : en
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Release Date : 2024-06-25
Oecd Guidelines For The Testing Of Chemicals Section 4 Test No 442d In Vitro Skin Sensitisation Assays Addressing The Adverse Outcome Pathway Key Event On Keratinocyte Activation written by OECD and has been published by OECD Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-06-25 with categories.
The present Key Event based Test Guideline addresses the human health hazard endpoint skin sensitisation, following exposure to a test chemical. Skin sensitisation refers to an allergic response following skin contact with a tested chemical, as defined by the United Nations Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (UN GHS). This Test Guideline is proposed to address a Key Event leading to skin sensitisation, namely keratinocyte activation. This Key Event on the Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) leading to skin sensitisation takes place in the keratinocytes and includes inflammatory responses as well as gene expression associated with specific cell signalling pathways such as the antioxidant/electrophile response element (ARE)-dependent pathways. This Test Guideline provides three in vitro test methods addressing the same Key Event on the AOP for skin sensitisation: (i) the ARE-Nrf2 luciferase KeratinoSensTM test method, (ii) the ARE-Nrf2 luciferase LuSens test method and (iii) the Epidermal Sensitisation Assay – EpiSensA. The KeratinoSens and the Lusens are in vitro ARE-Nrf2 luciferase-based test methods and the EpiSensA is based on gene expression quantification using Reverse Transcription- quantitative PCR in reconstructed human epidermis models. The proposed test methods are used for supporting the discrimination between skin sensitisers and non-sensitisers in accordance with the UN GHS. Performance standards have been developed to enable the validation of similar test methods.
Big Data In Predictive Toxicology
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Author : Daniel Neagu
language : en
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
Release Date : 2019-12-04
Big Data In Predictive Toxicology written by Daniel Neagu and has been published by Royal Society of Chemistry this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-12-04 with Medical categories.
The rate at which toxicological data is generated is continually becoming more rapid and the volume of data generated is growing dramatically. This is due in part to advances in software solutions and cheminformatics approaches which increase the availability of open data from chemical, biological and toxicological and high throughput screening resources. However, the amplified pace and capacity of data generation achieved by these novel techniques presents challenges for organising and analysing data output. Big Data in Predictive Toxicology discusses these challenges as well as the opportunities of new techniques encountered in data science. It addresses the nature of toxicological big data, their storage, analysis and interpretation. It also details how these data can be applied in toxicity prediction, modelling and risk assessment. This title is of particular relevance to researchers and postgraduates working and studying in the fields of computational methods, applied and physical chemistry, cheminformatics, biological sciences, predictive toxicology and safety and hazard assessment.