Oecd Guidelines For The Testing Of Chemicals Section 4 Guideline No 497 Defined Approaches On Skin Sensitisation
DOWNLOAD
Download Oecd Guidelines For The Testing Of Chemicals Section 4 Guideline No 497 Defined Approaches On Skin Sensitisation PDF/ePub or read online books in Mobi eBooks. Click Download or Read Online button to get Oecd Guidelines For The Testing Of Chemicals Section 4 Guideline No 497 Defined Approaches On Skin Sensitisation book now. This website allows unlimited access to, at the time of writing, more than 1.5 million titles, including hundreds of thousands of titles in various foreign languages. If the content not found or just blank you must refresh this page
Oecd Guidelines For The Testing Of Chemicals Section 4 Guideline No 497 Defined Approaches On Skin Sensitisation
DOWNLOAD
Author : OECD
language : en
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Release Date : 2025-06-25
Oecd Guidelines For The Testing Of Chemicals Section 4 Guideline No 497 Defined Approaches On Skin Sensitisation written by OECD and has been published by OECD Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-06-25 with categories.
A Defined Approach (DA) consists of a selection of information sources (e.g in silico predictions, in chemico, in vitro data) used in a specific combination, and resulting data are interpreted using a fixed data interpretation procedure (DIP) (e.g. a mathematical, rule-based model). DAs use methods in combination and are intended to overcome some limitations of the individual, stand-alone methods.
Oecd Guidelines For The Testing Of Chemicals Section 4 Test No 442c In Chemico Skin Sensitisation Assays Addressing The Adverse Outcome Pathway Key Event On Covalent Binding To Proteins
DOWNLOAD
Author : OECD
language : en
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Release Date : 2025-06-25
Oecd Guidelines For The Testing Of Chemicals Section 4 Test No 442c In Chemico Skin Sensitisation Assays Addressing The Adverse Outcome Pathway Key Event On Covalent Binding To Proteins written by OECD and has been published by OECD Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-06-25 with categories.
The present Key Event based Test Guideline addresses the human health hazard endpoint skin sensitisation, following exposure to a test chemical. Skin sensitisation refers to an allergic response following skin contact with the tested chemical, as defined by the United Nations Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (UN GHS). This Test Guideline is proposed to address the Molecular Initiating Event leading to skin sensitisation, namely protein reactivity, by quantifying the reactivity of test chemicals towards model synthetic peptides or amino acid derivatives containing either lysine or cysteine. This Test Guideline provides three in chemico test methods addressing the same Key Event on the Adverse Outcome Pathway for Skin Sensitisation: (i) the Direct Peptide Reactivity Assay – DPRA, (ii) the Amino Acid Derivative Reactivity Assay – ADRA and (iii) the kinetic Direct Peptide Reactivity Assay – kDPRA. The DPRA and ADRA are used for supporting the discrimination between skin sensitisers and non-sensitisers in accordance with the UN GHS. In contrast, the kDPRA allows discrimination of UN GHS subcategory 1A skin sensitisers from those not categorised as subcategory 1A, i.e. subcategory 1B or no category but does not allow to distinguish sensitisers from non-sensitisers.
Oecd Guidelines For The Testing Of Chemicals Section 4 Test No 442d In Vitro Skin Sensitisation Assays Addressing The Adverse Outcome Pathway Key Event On Keratinocyte Activation
DOWNLOAD
Author : OECD
language : en
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Release Date : 2018-06-27
Oecd Guidelines For The Testing Of Chemicals Section 4 Test No 442d In Vitro Skin Sensitisation Assays Addressing The Adverse Outcome Pathway Key Event On Keratinocyte Activation written by OECD and has been published by OECD Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-06-27 with categories.
This Test Guideline (TG) provides an in vitro procedure (the ARE-Nrf2 luciferase test method) used for supporting the discrimination between skin sensitisers and non-sensitisers in accordance with the UN GHS.
Oecd Guidelines For The Testing Of Chemicals Section 4 Test No 442e In Vitro Skin Sensitisation In Vitro Skin Sensitisation Assays Addressing The Key Event On Activation Of Dendritic Cells On The Adverse Outcome Pathway For Skin Sensitisation
DOWNLOAD
Author : OECD
language : en
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Release Date : 2024-06-25
Oecd Guidelines For The Testing Of Chemicals Section 4 Test No 442e In Vitro Skin Sensitisation In Vitro Skin Sensitisation Assays Addressing The Key Event On Activation Of Dendritic Cells On The Adverse Outcome Pathway For Skin Sensitisation written by OECD and has been published by OECD Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-06-25 with categories.
The present Key Event based Test Guideline (TG) addresses the human health hazard endpoint skin sensitisation, following exposure to a test chemical. Skin sensitisation refers to an allergic response following skin contact with the tested chemical, as defined by the United Nations Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (UN GHS). This TG is proposed to address the activation of dendritic cells, which is one Key Event on the Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) for Skin Sensitisation. It provides four in vitro test methods addressing the same Key Event on the AOP: (i) the human cell Line Activation Test or h-CLAT method, (ii) the U937 Cell Line Activation Test or U-SENS, (iii) the Interleukin-8 Reporter Gene Assay or IL-8 Luc assay and (iv) the Genomic Allergen Rapid Detection for assessment of skin sensitisers (GARDTMskin). All of them are used for supporting the discrimination between skin sensitisers and non-sensitisers in accordance with the UN GHS. The test methods described in this TG either quantify the change in the expression of cell surface marker(s) CD54 and CD86, the cytokine IL-8, or a series of genes (genomic biomarker signature) that are associated with the process of activation of monocytes and DC following exposure to sensitisers.
Practical Handbook On The 3rs In The Context Of The Directive 2010 63 Eu
DOWNLOAD
Author : Gianni Dal Negro
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2021-11-18
Practical Handbook On The 3rs In The Context Of The Directive 2010 63 Eu written by Gianni Dal Negro and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-11-18 with Science categories.
Practical Handbook on the 3Rs in the Context of the Directive 2010/63/EU provides updated information on the EU Directive 2010/63/EU, which is the European Union legislation that protects animals being used in research. EU Directive 2010/63/EU is the European Union (EU) legislation 'on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes' and is one of the most stringent ethical and welfare standards worldwide. - Closes a gap in scientific literature by addressing the need for clear guidance in walking through the multifaced universe of 3Rs - Offers a useful starting point for readers and scientist who approach the 3Rs for the first-time - Gives insights into the harmonization of the animal research legislation across countries
Hayes Principles And Methods Of Toxicology
DOWNLOAD
Author : A. Wallace Hayes
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2023-07-03
Hayes Principles And Methods Of Toxicology written by A. Wallace Hayes and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-07-03 with Medical categories.
Hayes’ Principles and Methods of Toxicology has long been established as a reliable and informative reference for the concepts, methodologies, and assessments integral to toxicology. The new edition contains updated and new chapters with the addition of new authors while maintaining the same high standards that have made this book a benchmark resource in the field. Key Features: The comprehensive yet concise coverage of various aspects of fundamental and applied toxicology makes this book a valuable resource for educators, students, and professionals. Questions provided at the end of each chapter allow readers to test their knowledge and understanding of the material covered. All chapters have been updated and over 60 new authors have been added to reflect the dynamic nature of toxicological sciences New topics in this edition include Safety Assessment of Cosmetics and Personal Care Products, The Importance of the Dose/Rate Response, Novel Approaches and Alternative Models, Epigenetic Toxicology, and an Expanded Glossary. The volume is divided into 4 major sections, addressing fundamental principles of toxicology (Section I. "Principles of Toxicology"), major classes of established chemical hazards (Section II. "Agents"), current methods used for the assessment of various endpoints indicative of chemical toxicity (Section III. "Methods"), as well as toxicology of specific target systems and organs (Section IV. "Organ- and System-Specific Toxicology"). This volume will be a valuable tool for the audience that wishes to broaden their understanding of hazards and mechanisms of toxicity and to stay on top of the emerging methods and concepts of the rapidly advancing field of toxicology and risk assessment.
Oecd Guidelines For The Testing Of Chemicals Section 4 Test No 442b Skin Sensitization Local Lymph Node Assay Brdu Elisa Or Fcm
DOWNLOAD
Author : OECD
language : en
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Release Date : 2025-06-25
Oecd Guidelines For The Testing Of Chemicals Section 4 Test No 442b Skin Sensitization Local Lymph Node Assay Brdu Elisa Or Fcm written by OECD and has been published by OECD Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-06-25 with categories.
The Local Lymph Node Assay: BrdU-ELISA (LLNA:BrdU-ELISA) is a non-radioactive modification to the LLNA method for identifying potential skin sensitizing test substances and measuring the proliferation of lymphocytes they induce in the auricular ...
Veterinary Toxicology
DOWNLOAD
Author : Ramesh C. Gupta
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2025-05-16
Veterinary Toxicology written by Ramesh C. Gupta and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-05-16 with Medical categories.
Veterinary Toxicology: Basic and Clinical Principles, Fourth Edition is a unique single reference that provides a comprehensive overview on the basic principles of veterinary toxicology to any student at the DVM, MS, or PhD level while also continuing to serve as a clinical reference for practitioners. The book thoroughly updates toxicologists and advanced students on the newest approaches for diagnosing poisoning cases in all animals from chemicals, plants, and accidental or malicious intents. Many chapters are provided on topics not covered in any previous books, such as target organ toxicity, radiation and radioactive materials, FDA regulatory issues, and ethics in veterinary toxicology.Completely revised and updated to include the most recent developments in the field animal toxins, toxicokinetics mechanism of action, toxicity, and treatment, this book is an essential resource for researchers, practicing veterinary toxicologists, advanced students in toxicology, poison control centers, as well as environmentalists, marine biologists, and animal scientists. - Provides a complete, up-to-date, integrated source of information on toxins and poisons relating to animals - Covers all important aspects of veterinary toxicology with completely updated and revised chapters - Includes basic principles of key toxicology concepts as well as clinical applications and a list of major references for further reading
Toxicology For The Health And Pharmaceutical Sciences
DOWNLOAD
Author : Antonio Peña-Fernández
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2021-12-21
Toxicology For The Health And Pharmaceutical Sciences written by Antonio Peña-Fernández and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-12-21 with Medical categories.
There is an increasing need for knowledge of toxicology to safeguard the use of chemicals in industry and in the public and private sectors. The study of toxicology is becoming increasingly relevant in human health sciences, as future health and clinical professionals will be pivotal in addressing and managing emerging chemical threats and hazards related to modern anthropogenic activities and technological development. Comprising a series of chapters from leading toxicology, pharmacy and public health academics and experts across Europe, the United States and beyond, Toxicology for the Health and Pharmaceutical Sciences provides a concise yet comprehensive volume that can be used as a relevant textbook on toxicology for the clinical, healthcare, educational and professional sectors. Key Features: Includes cutting edge information regarding the very lastest environmental threats to public health Provides a detailed case study based on a real-world scenario that allows the reader to practice human health risk assessment Describes innovative guidance and tools to respond to chemical incidents and attacks, which enables the reader to tailor an effective protection and remediation response This book covers the fundamentals and recent developments in toxicology, to respond to local and global chemical, pharmaceutical and environmental threats. Thus, this volume has chapters specifically designed to support the understanding of the most current toxicology-related subjects for any undergraduate/postgraduate health programs as well as aid the delivery of continuing professional development training on up-to-date topics in toxicology for current practicing health professionals wishing to improve their background knowledge in toxicology. The book is also vital reading and reference for policy makers and others that influence and set regulations that have an impact on the environment and human health.
Drug Discovery And Evaluation Safety And Pharmacokinetic Assays
DOWNLOAD
Author : Franz J. Hock
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2024-10-21
Drug Discovery And Evaluation Safety And Pharmacokinetic Assays written by Franz J. Hock and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-10-21 with Medical categories.
Many aspects of drug safety have become an outstanding and even persistent issue and may occur during the process of both drug discovery and development. Until 15 years ago, drug discovery and evaluation was primarily a sequential process starting with the selection of the most pharmacologically active compound from a series of newly synthesized small molecule chemical series by means of distinctive pharmacological assays. Safety aspects were addressed by evaluation of the selected compound at high doses in a series of specific studies directed at indications other than the intended indication of the new compound. These tests are then followed by pharmacokinetic studies, which are primarily conducted to confirm whether the selected compound possesses a suitable half-life for sufficient exposure and efficacy and, whether it has the desired properties specificity to the intended route of administration. Safety aspects relied predominantly on the conduct of single and repeat toxicologydose studies, which inform changes in organ structure rather than organ function. Both toxicological and pharmacokinetic studies are adapted to the progress of studies in clinical pharmacology and clinical trials. The new edition of this well and broadly accepted reference work contains several innovative and distinguished chapters. This "sequential" strategy has been abandoned with this new version of the book for several reasons: - Of the possible multitude of negative effects that novel drugs may impart on organ function, e.g. ventricular tachy-arrhythmia, many are detected too late in non-clinical studies to inform clinicians. On the other hand, negative findings in chronic toxicity studies in animals may turn out to be irrelevant for human beings. - New scientific approaches, e.g. high-throughput screening, human pluripotent stem cells, transgenic animals, knock-out animals, in silico models, pharmaco-genomics and pharmaco-proteomics, as well as Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods offered new possibilities. - There are several examples, that show that the "druggability" of compounds was considerably underestimated when the probability of success of a new project was assessed. The success rate in the pharmaceutical industry and the introduction of new chemical entities to the market per year dropped dramatically, whereas the development time for a new compound increased, sometimes exceeding the patent protection. Research and development scientists, involving the following changes, therefore adopted a change of strategy: - Parallel instead of sequential involvement of the various disciplines (multidimensional compound optimization). - The term "Safety Pharmacology" was coined. The International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) founded a Safety Pharmacology Working Group and the Safety Pharmacology Society (SPS) was launched. The discipline provided for evaluation, development and validation of a multitude of safety tests outlined in the 'Core Battery of Studies'. - Characterizing the exposure profile of a drug by conducting pharmacokinetic studies that evaluates the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion should to be investigated at an early stage of development as results contribute to the selection of a compound for further development. Advancements in Toxicology were achieved by the introduction of new methods, e.g., in silico methods, genetic toxicology, computational toxicology and AI. The book is a landmark in the continuously changing world of drug research and developments. As such, it is essential reading for many groups: not only for all students of pharmacology and toxicology but also for industry scientists and physicians, especially those involved in clinical trials of drugs, and for pharmacists who must know the safety requirements of drugs. The book is essential for scientists and managers in the pharmaceutical industry who are involved in drug discovery, drug development and decision making in the development process. In particular, the book will be of use to government institutions and committees working on official guidelines for drug evaluation worldwide.