Paradoxes In Scientific Inference
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Paradoxes In Scientific Inference
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Author : Mark Chang
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2012-10-15
Paradoxes In Scientific Inference written by Mark Chang and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-10-15 with Computers categories.
Paradoxes are poems of science and philosophy that collectively allow us to address broad multidisciplinary issues within a microcosm. A true paradox is a source of creativity and a concise expression that delivers a profound idea and provokes a wild and endless imagination. The study of paradoxes leads to ultimate clarity and, at the same time, indisputably challenges your mind. Paradoxes in Scientific Inference analyzes paradoxes from many different perspectives: statistics, mathematics, philosophy, science, artificial intelligence, and more. The book elaborates on findings and reaches new and exciting conclusions. It challenges your knowledge, intuition, and conventional wisdom, compelling you to adjust your way of thinking. Ultimately, you will learn effective scientific inference through studying the paradoxes.
Paradoxes In Scientific Inference
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Author : Mark Chang
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2012-10-15
Paradoxes In Scientific Inference written by Mark Chang and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-10-15 with Computers categories.
Paradoxes are poems of science and philosophy that collectively allow us to address broad multidisciplinary issues within a microcosm. A true paradox is a source of creativity and a concise expression that delivers a profound idea and provokes a wild and endless imagination. The study of paradoxes leads to ultimate clarity and, at the same time, in
Scientific Representation
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Author : James Nguyen
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2022-09-01
Scientific Representation written by James Nguyen and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-09-01 with Science categories.
This Element presents a philosophical exploration of the notion of scientific representation. It does so by focussing on an important class of scientific representations, namely scientific models. Models are important in the scientific process because scientists can study a model to discover features of reality. But what does it mean for something to represent something else? This is the question discussed in this Element. The authors begin by disentangling different aspects of the problem of representation and then discuss the dominant accounts in the philosophical literature: the resemblance view and inferentialism. They find them both wanting and submit that their own preferred option, the so-called DEKI account, not only eschews the problems that beset these conceptions, but further provides a comprehensive answer to the question of how scientific representation works. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Philosophies Puzzles And Paradoxes
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Author : Yudi Pawitan
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2024-03-21
Philosophies Puzzles And Paradoxes written by Yudi Pawitan and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-03-21 with Philosophy categories.
Unlike mathematics, statistics deals with real-world data and involves a higher degree of subjectivity due to the role of interpretation. Interpretation is shaped by context as well as the knowledge, preferences, assumptions and preconceptions of the interpreter, leading to a variety of interpretations of concepts as well as results. Philosophies, Puzzles and Paradoxes: A Statistician’s Search for Truth thoroughly examines the distinct philosophical approaches to statistics – Bayesian, frequentist and likelihood – arising from different interpretations of probability and uncertainty. These differences are highlighted through numerous puzzles and paradoxes and illuminated by extensive discussions of the background philosophy of science. Features: Exploration of the philosophy of knowledge and truth and how they relate to deductive and inductive reasoning, and ultimately scientific and statistical thinking Discussion of the philosophical theories of probability that are wider than the standard Bayesian and frequentist views Exposition and examination of Savage’s axioms as the basis of subjective probability and Bayesian statistics Explanation of likelihood and likelihood-based inference, including the controversy surrounding the likelihood principle Discussion of fiducial probability and its evolution to confidence procedure Introduction of extended and hierarchical likelihood for random parameters, with the recognition of confidence as extended likelihood, leading to epistemic confidence as an objective measure of uncertainty for single events Detailed analyses and new variations of classic paradoxes, such as the Monty Hall puzzle, the paradox of the ravens, the exchange paradox, and more Substantive yet non-technical, catering to readers with only introductory exposure to the theory of probability and statistics This book primarily targets statisticians in general, including both undergraduate and graduate students, as well as researchers interested in the philosophical basis of probability and statistics. It is also suitable for philosophers of science and general readers intrigued by puzzles and paradoxes.
Paradoxes
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: PediaPress
Release Date :
Paradoxes written by and has been published by PediaPress this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
Bertrand S Paradox And The Principle Of Indifference
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Author : Nicholas Shackel
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2024-02-29
Bertrand S Paradox And The Principle Of Indifference written by Nicholas Shackel and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-02-29 with Philosophy categories.
Events between which we have no epistemic reason to discriminate have equal epistemic probabilities. Bertrand’s chord paradox, however, appears to show this to be false, and thereby poses a general threat to probabilities for continuum sized state spaces. Articulating the nature of such spaces involves some deep mathematics and that is perhaps why the recent literature on Bertrand’s Paradox has been almost entirely from mathematicians and physicists, who have often deployed elegant mathematics of considerable sophistication. At the same time, the philosophy of probability has been left out. In particular, left out entirely are the philosophical ground of the principle of indifference, the nature of the principle itself, the stringent constraint this places on the mathematical representation of the principle needed for its application to continuum sized event spaces, and what these entail for rigour in developing the paradox itself. This book puts the philosophy and its entailments back in and in so doing casts a new light on the paradox, giving original analyses of the paradox, its possible solutions, the source of the paradox, the philosophical errors we make in attempting to solve it and what the paradox proves for the philosophy of probability. The book finishes with the author’s proposed solution—a solution in the spirit of Bertrand’s, indeed—in which an epistemic principle more general than the principle of indifference offers a principled restriction of the domain of the principle of indifference. Bertrand's Paradox and the Principle of Indifference will appeal to scholars and advanced students working in the philosophy of mathematics, epistemology, philosophy of science, probability theory and mathematical physics.
Circularity A Common Secret To Paradoxes Scientific Revolutions And Humor
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Author : Ron Aharoni
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2016-04-21
Circularity A Common Secret To Paradoxes Scientific Revolutions And Humor written by Ron Aharoni and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-04-21 with Mathematics categories.
'Circularity' is the story of a Janus-faced conceptual structure, that on the one hand led to deep scientific discoveries, and on the other hand is used to trick the mind into believing the impossible. Alongside mathematical revolutions that eventually led to the invention of the computer, the book describes ancient paradoxes that arise from circular thinking. Another aspect of circularity, its ability to entertain, leads to a surprising insight on the time old question 'What is humor'. The book presents the ubiquity of circularity in many fields, and its power to confuse and to instruct.See Press Release: Vicious circles -- confusing, instructive, amusing?
Inference Method And Decision
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Author : R.D. Rosenkrantz
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Inference Method And Decision written by R.D. Rosenkrantz and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
This book grew out of previously published papers of mine composed over a period of years; they have been reworked (sometimes beyond recognition) so as to form a reasonably coherent whole. Part One treats of informative inference. I argue (Chapter 2) that the traditional principle of induction in its clearest formulation (that laws are confirmed by their positive cases) is clearly false. Other formulations in terms of the 'uniformity of nature' or the 'resemblance of the future to the past' seem to me hopelessly unclear. From a Bayesian point of view, 'learning from experience' goes by conditionalization (Bayes' rule). The traditional stum bling block for Bayesians has been to fmd objective probability inputs to conditionalize upon. Subjective Bayesians allow any probability inputs that do not violate the usual axioms of probability. Many subjectivists grant that this liberality seems prodigal but own themselves unable to think of additional constraints that might plausibly be imposed. To be sure, if we could agree on the correct probabilistic representation of 'ignorance' (or absence of pertinent data), then all probabilities obtained by applying Bayes' rule to an 'informationless' prior would be objective. But familiar contra dictions, like the Bertrand paradox, are thought to vitiate all attempts to objectify 'ignorance'. BuUding on the earlier work of Sir Harold Jeffreys, E. T. Jaynes, and the more recent work ofG. E. P. Box and G. E. Tiao, I have elected to bite this bullet. In Chapter 3, I develop and defend an objectivist Bayesian approach.
Paradoxes Of Rationality And Cooperation
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Author : Richmond Campbell
language : en
Publisher: UBC Press
Release Date : 1985
Paradoxes Of Rationality And Cooperation written by Richmond Campbell and has been published by UBC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1985 with Literary Criticism categories.
This anthology, the first to bring together the most importantphilosophical essays on the paradoxes, analyses the concepts underlyingthe Prisoner's Dilemma and Newcomb's Problem and evaluates theproposed solutions. The relevant theories have been developed over thepast four decades in a variety of disciplines: mathematics, economics,psychology, political science, biology, and philosophy. And theproblems these paradoxes uncover can arise in many different forms: indebates over nuclear disarmament, labour-management disputes, maritalconflicts, Calvinist theology, and even in the evolution of diseasethrough the "cooperation" of microorganisms. Thepossibilities for application are virtually limitless.
Principles Of Scientific Methods
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Author : Mark Chang
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2016-04-19
Principles Of Scientific Methods written by Mark Chang and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-04-19 with Mathematics categories.
This book focuses on the fundamental principles behind scientific methods. The author uses concrete examples to explain principles. He also uses analogies to connect different methods or problems to arrive at a general principle or common notion. The book explores how the principles of scientific methods are not only applicable to scientific research but also in our daily lives. It shows how the scientific method is used to understand how and why things happen, make predictions, prevent mistakes, and solve problems.