Polymer Stabilisation Mechanisms And Applications
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Polymer Stabilisation Mechanisms And Applications
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Author : N. C. Billingham
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1991
Polymer Stabilisation Mechanisms And Applications written by N. C. Billingham and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with Science categories.
Polymer Degradation And Stabilization
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Author : W. L. Hawkins
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Polymer Degradation And Stabilization written by W. L. Hawkins and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The development of polymers as an important class of material was inhibited at the first by the premature failure of these versatile compounds in many applications. The deterioration of important properties of both natural and synthetic polymers is the result of irreversible changes in composition and structure of polymers molecules. As a result of these reactions, mechanical, electrical and/or aesthetic properties are degraded beyond acceptable limits. It is now generally recognized that stabilization against degradation is necessary if the useful life of polymers is to be extended sufficiently to meet design requirements for long-term applications. Polymers degrade by a wide variety of mechanisms, several of which affect all polymers through to varying degree. This monograph will concentrate on those degradation mechanisms which result from reactions of polymers with oxygen in its various forms and which are accelerated by heat and/or radiation. Those stabilization mechanisms are discussed which are based on an understanding of degradation reaction mechanisms that are reasonably well established. The stabilization of polymers is still undergoing a transition from an art to a science as mechanisms of degradation become more fully developed. A scientific approach to stabilization can only be approached when there is an understanding of the reactions that lead to degradation. Stabilization against biodegradation and burning will not be discussed since there is not a clear understanding of how polymers degrade under these conditions.
Mechanisms Of Polymer Degradation And Stabilisation
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Author : G. Scott
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2011-10-06
Mechanisms Of Polymer Degradation And Stabilisation written by G. Scott and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-10-06 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The purpose of this publication is two-fold. In the first place it is intended to review progress in the development of practical stabilising systems for a wide range of polymers and applications. A complemen tary and ultimately more important objective is to accommodate these practical developments within the framework of antioxidant theory, since there can be little question that further major advances in the practice of stabilisation technology will only be possible on a firm mechanistic foundation. With the continual increase in the number of commercial anti oxidants and stabilisers, often functioning by mechanisms not even considered ten years ago, there is a need for a general theory which will allow the potential user to predict the performance of a particular antioxidant structure under specific practical conditions. Any such predictive tool must involve a simplified kinetic approach to inhibited oxidation and, in Chapter 1, Denisov outlines a possible mechanistic approach with the potential to predict the most useful antioxidant to use and the limits of its usefulness. In Chapter 2, Schwetlick reviews the current state of knowledge on the antioxidant mechanisms of the phosphite esters with particular emphasis on their catalytic peroxidolytic activity. Dithiophosphate v vi PREFACE derivatives show a similar behaviour but for quite different reasons and, in Chapter 3, AI-Malaika reviews information available from analytical studies, particularly using 31p_NMR spectroscopy, to elucid ate the complex chemistry that leads to the formation of the antioxidant -active agents.
Polymer Degradation And Stabilization
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Author : W. Lincoln Hawkins
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1984
Polymer Degradation And Stabilization written by W. Lincoln Hawkins and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1984 with Polymerization categories.
Stabilization Of Polymeric Materials
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Author : Hans Zweifel
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Stabilization Of Polymeric Materials written by Hans Zweifel and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
Plastics are used worldwide in everyday life, e.g. as food packaging, electronics, construction, automotive parts, and household appliances. To produce these products with the desired service lifetimes the use of suitable stabilizers is necessary. This book provides a concise and comprehensive overview of the basic mechanisms of plastic degradation processes caused by heat and light. At its core is a detailed description of the stabilization of different polymers, including an explanation of stabilization mechanisms and the influence of commonly used additives such as fillers, flame retardents and pigments on the stability of plastic. Every polymer scientist, material technologist, or application engineer dealing with the design of the properties of plastics will benefit from this new overview.
Developments In Polymer Stabilisation 8
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Author : G. Scott
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Developments In Polymer Stabilisation 8 written by G. Scott and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The purpose of the present series of publications is two-fold. In the first place it is intended to review progress in the development of practical stabilising systems for a wide range of polymers and applications. A complementary and ultimately more important objec tive is to accommodate these practical developments within the framework of antioxidant theory, since there can be little question that further major advances in the practice of stabilisation technology will only be possible on the basis of a firm mechanistic foundation. Research into the role of 'stable' free radicals as antioxidants and stabilisers for polymers has intensified in recent years. Nitroxyl radicals (nitroxides) were the earliest long-lived radicals to be investi gated in detail and Maslov and Zaikov review the developments that have taken place in understanding their reaction mechanisms from the time when they were first investigated in liquid hydrocarbon systems to the present day when their outstanding performance as light stabilisers has been the object of much scientific research. Although some features of their reactivity remain obscure, the authors approach the problem kinetically and indicate the factors limiting their effectiveness.
Polymer Degradation And Stabilisation
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Author : Norman Grassie
language : en
Publisher: CUP Archive
Release Date : 1988-04-14
Polymer Degradation And Stabilisation written by Norman Grassie and has been published by CUP Archive this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988-04-14 with Science categories.
The study of polymer degradation and stabilisation is of considerable practical importance as the industrial uses of polymeric materials continue to expand. In this book, the authors lucidly relate technological phenomena to the chemistry and physics of degradation and stabilisation processes. Degradation embraces a variety of technologically important phenomena ranging from relatively low temperature processes such as 'weathering' of plastics, 'fatigue' of rubbers through the processing of polymers in shearing mixers to very high temperature processes such as flammability and ablation. All these technological phenomena have in common certain basic chemical reactions. Thus 'weathering' has its roots in photo-oxidation, 'fatigue' and melt-degradation in mechano-oxidation and flammability, and ablation in ablation in pyrolysis and vapour phase oxidation.
Polymer Durability
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Author : Roger Lee Clough
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996
Polymer Durability written by Roger Lee Clough and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Provides a comprehensive overview of the science of polymer durability. Discusses the molecular mechanisms of polymer aging and deterioration, emphasizing UV and thermal exposure environments. Describes a variety of analytical techniques for studying degradation, with special emphasis on chemiluminescence. Covers advances in the use of additives and other approaches for enhancing polymer stability. Reviews mechanisms and applications of major classes of stabilizers, and discusses the problem of stabilizer migration and loss. Examines new methods for predicting the aging rate and lifetime of a material.
Mechanisms Of Polymer Degradation And Stabilisation
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Author : G. Scott
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Mechanisms Of Polymer Degradation And Stabilisation written by G. Scott and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The purpose of this publication is two-fold. In the first place it is intended to review progress in the development of practical stabilising systems for a wide range of polymers and applications. A complemen tary and ultimately more important objective is to accommodate these practical developments within the framework of antioxidant theory, since there can be little question that further major advances in the practice of stabilisation technology will only be possible on a firm mechanistic foundation. With the continual increase in the number of commercial anti oxidants and stabilisers, often functioning by mechanisms not even considered ten years ago, there is a need for a general theory which will allow the potential user to predict the performance of a particular antioxidant structure under specific practical conditions. Any such predictive tool must involve a simplified kinetic approach to inhibited oxidation and, in Chapter 1, Denisov outlines a possible mechanistic approach with the potential to predict the most useful antioxidant to use and the limits of its usefulness. In Chapter 2, Schwetlick reviews the current state of knowledge on the antioxidant mechanisms of the phosphite esters with particular emphasis on their catalytic peroxidolytic activity. Dithiophosphate v vi PREFACE derivatives show a similar behaviour but for quite different reasons and, in Chapter 3, AI-Malaika reviews information available from analytical studies, particularly using 31p_NMR spectroscopy, to elucid ate the complex chemistry that leads to the formation of the antioxidant -active agents.
Thermal Stability Of Polymers
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Author : T. R Crompton
language : en
Publisher: Smithers Rapra
Release Date : 2012-05-08
Thermal Stability Of Polymers written by T. R Crompton and has been published by Smithers Rapra this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-05-08 with Science categories.
In recent years numerous research papers have been published on the changes in chemical structure and in physical properties of polymers when they are exposed to heat over a range of temperatures. For example, these changes can occur at any time during the injection moulding of the plastic, in the subsequent processing and in its end-use application when exposed to elevated temperatures. Thermal stability is a very important parameter which must be taken into account when selecting polymers whether for their use as constructional or engineering applications or in the packaging of food at high temperatures. The mechanisms by which such changes occur are many and it is important to know what these are and to be able to measure the rate of change of polymer structure and its dependence on temperature and time. Development of an understanding of the mechanisms of thermal degradation will help the chemist to develop materials with better thermal stability. This is particularly important in newer developments in engineering and aerospace. This book reviews in nine chapters the measurement of these properties in the main types of polymers in use today. Numerous techniques are discussed ranging from thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance based methods to pyrolytic techniques such as those based on pyrolysis, gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The book is aimed at those engaged in the manufacture of polymers and the development of end-use applications. It is essential that students of polymer science should have a thorough understanding of polymer stability and an additional aim of the book is to help in the development of such an interest.