Poverty In Transition Economies
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Poverty In Transition Economies
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Author : Sandra Hutton
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2013-01-11
Poverty In Transition Economies written by Sandra Hutton and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-01-11 with Business & Economics categories.
This study addresses the experience of, and responses to poverty in a range of transition economies including Russia, Ukraine, Hungary, Slovenia, Uzbekistan, Romania, Albania and Macedonia. It covers topics such as the definition of poverty lines and the measurement of poverty; the role of income-in-kind in supporting families; homelessness and destitution; housing; the design, targeting and administration of welfare; and personal responses to economic transition.
Making Transition Work For Everyone
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Author : World Bank
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2000
Making Transition Work For Everyone written by World Bank and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Business & Economics categories.
Annotation This book brings together the latest findings on the nature and evolution of poverty and inequality in the region.
Poverty Inequality And Social Policy In Transition Economies
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Author : Branko Milanovic
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1999
Poverty Inequality And Social Policy In Transition Economies written by Branko Milanovic and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with categories.
November 1995 What happens to poverty and income inequality during the early period of transition to a market economy? Poverty is on the rise, and income inequality widens. Better targeting of social assistance and pension reform are the necessary policy reforms. In examining what happens to poverty and income inequality during the early period of transition to a market economy, Milanovic covers the period up to 1993. His analysis includes almost all transition economies that were not affected by wars, blockades, or embargoes. (In economies so affected, the intrinsic issues of transition are overshadowed by more basic issues of war or quasi-war economy and survival.) The two key issues of social policy in transition economies are pension reform and better targeting of social assistance. Pensions represent 70 to 80 percent of cash social expenditures. No reduction of current levels of social spending (which is unsustainable) can be envisaged without pension reform. Better targeting of social assistance is needed because many universally or enterprise-provided benefits have been terminated, poverty has increased, and social programs lack funding. If poverty is on the rise and money is scarce, better targeting is the only option. This paper -- a product of the Transition Economics Division, Policy Research Department -- is part of a larger effort in the department to study social effects of transition.
Poverty In Transition
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Author : United Nations Development Programme. Regional Bureau for Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998
Poverty In Transition written by United Nations Development Programme. Regional Bureau for Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Social Science categories.
Transition has already led to success in many countries. Nations such as Hungary, Poland, Slovenia, Czech Republic, Estonia, have numerous achievements to their credit. Further, countries such as Uzbekistan were able to effectively protect many citizens from acute socio-economic distress. A wealth of natural resources in countries such as the Russian Federation, Kazakhstan, and Azerbaijan promises the potential for prosperity. At the same time, the process of transition has been painful for millions of citizens. There has been an unprecedented increase in poverty and mortality in countries, some of which have become, ironically, the most unequal in the world. Further, the countries of the former Soviet Union have suffered sharper reversals than any other region of the world in three indicators of socio-economic distress - mortality, income, and inflation. This report not only documents these adverse developments but also outlines the measures required to address poverty.
Poverty And The Economic Transition
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Author : Peter Lanjouw
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1998
Poverty And The Economic Transition written by Peter Lanjouw and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Ajuste estructural categories.
November 1998 Has the economic transition in Eastern Europe and the countries of the former Soviet Union been harder on pensioner households or on households containing children? Do per capita measures of welfare give a misleading picture? Much attention has been paid to the relative vulnerability of two well-defined household groups during the transition. Some observers argue that old-age pensioner households have been relatively protected because of a less steep decline in real pensions compared with wages in most transition economies. By contrast, households with young children are believed to have experienced a substantial decline in living standards under reform and show strikingly higher rates of measured poverty than pensioner households. But others argue that the elderly have suffered more than the young during the transition. Can these conflicting viewpoints about the relative poverty of old and young households be arbitrated? Lanjouw, Milanovic, and Paternostro show that strong (though implicit) assumptions underpin certain poverty comparisons. Notably, using a per capita measure of individual welfare assumes that there are no economies of scale in household consumption, in the sense that the per capita cost of reaching a specific level of welfare does not fall as household size increases. Relaxing that assumption could affect comparisons, showing higher poverty rates among the elderly because their households tend to be smaller than the households containing children. Even the nature of the transition has implications for economies of scale. The relative cost of housing and other goods and services with at least some public-good characteristics has risen rapidly. These relative price shifts hit small households particularly hard, because a greater share of their expenditures goes to public and quasi-public goods. But transition economies have also experienced big increases in the relative prices of goods and services consumed largely by children, such as kindergarten and other education services. These increases affect younger households more. Since there is no accepted way to establish the true extent of economies of scale in a given country, the question can't be answered exactly. But clearly a small departure from a per capita measure may be enough in some cases to overturn the conventional relative ranking of poverty headcounts: poverty among the elderly may then turn out to be worse than among children. This paper-a product of Poverty and Human Resources, Development Research Group-is part of a larger effort in the group to study changes in welfare and inequality during the transition. The authors may be contacted at [email protected] or [email protected].
Measuring Poverty Dynamics And Inequality In Transition Economies
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Author : Erzo F. P. Luttmer
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1999
Measuring Poverty Dynamics And Inequality In Transition Economies written by Erzo F. P. Luttmer and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with categories.
Estimates of income inequality and the dynamics of poverty are highly sensitive to measurement error and transitory shocks in micro-level data. The apparent high levels of economic mobility in Poland and Russia are driven largely by transitory shocks and noisy data. There is a real risk of an entrenched underclass emerging in these transition economies.
Poverty Income Distribution And Well Being In Asia During The Transition
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Author : Lu Aiguo
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2002-05-22
Poverty Income Distribution And Well Being In Asia During The Transition written by Lu Aiguo and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-05-22 with Political Science categories.
The Asian road to the market has generally been seen as a model of success and the object of widespread admiration. This volume evaluates the actual experience and debunks some of the most widespread myths. It does so by identifying the link between alternative transition models, public policies and household responses on the one hand, and key welfare changes on the other. Even in countries experiencing sustained growth, there have been unmistakable signs of deep social strain.
Income Inequality And Poverty During The Transition From Planned To Market Economy
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Author : Branko Milanovi?
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1998
Income Inequality And Poverty During The Transition From Planned To Market Economy written by Branko Milanovi? and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Business & Economics categories.
World Bank Technical Paper No. 394. Joint Forest Management (JFM) has emerged as an important intervention in the management of Indias forest resources. This report sets out an analytical method for examining the costs and benefits of JFM arrangements. Two pilot case studies in which the method was used demonstrate interesting outcomes regarding incentives for various groups to participate. The main objective of this study is to develop a better understanding of the incentives for communities to participate in JFM.
Poverty Inequality And Social Policy In Transition Economies
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Author : Branko Milanovic
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Poverty Inequality And Social Policy In Transition Economies written by Branko Milanovic and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
What happens to poverty and income inequality during the early period of transition to a market economy? Poverty is on the rise, and income inequality widens. Better targeting of social assistance and pension reform are the necessary policy reforms. In examining what happens to poverty and income inequality during the early period of transition to a market economy, Milanovic covers the period up to 1993. His analysis includes almost all transition economies that were not affected by wars, blockades, or embargoes. (In economies so affected, the intrinsic issues of transition are overshadowed by more basic issues of war or quasi-war economy and survival.)The two key issues of social policy in transition economies are pension reform and better targeting of social assistance. Pensions represent 70 to 80 percent of cash social expenditures. No reduction of current levels of social spending (which is unsustainable) can be envisaged without pension reform. Better targeting of social assistance is needed because many universally or enterprise-provided benefits have been terminated, poverty has increased, and social programs lack funding. If poverty is on the rise and money is scarce, better targeting is the only option.This paper - a product of the Transition Economics Division, Policy Research Department - is part of a larger effort in the department to study social effects of transition.
The Low Income Countries Of The Commonwealth Of Independent States
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Author : Sarosh Sattar
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2004-04-22
The Low Income Countries Of The Commonwealth Of Independent States written by Sarosh Sattar and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-04-22 with Business & Economics categories.
The CIS-7 Initiative was launched in 2002 and endorsed by ministers from the CIS-7 and donor countries, with the objective of promoting poverty reduction, economic growth, and debt sustainability among the seven poorest countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). This volume draws from the follow-up conference held in Lucerne, Switzerland, in January 2003. The objective of this conference was to achieve an understanding of the development agenda in the seven countries and the key policy measures to be taken by the governments and donors to improve future prospects for the countries’ populations.