Predicate Logic
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Propositional And Predicate Calculus A Model Of Argument
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Author : Derek Goldrei
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2005-09-08
Propositional And Predicate Calculus A Model Of Argument written by Derek Goldrei and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-09-08 with Mathematics categories.
Designed specifically for guided independent study. Features a wealth of worked examples and exercises, many with full teaching solutions, that encourage active participation in the development of the material. It focuses on core material and provides a solid foundation for further study.
Predicate Logic
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Author : Richard L Epstein
language : en
Publisher: Advanced Reasoning Forum
Release Date : 2018-11-05
Predicate Logic written by Richard L Epstein and has been published by Advanced Reasoning Forum this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-11-05 with Philosophy categories.
The forms and scope of logic rest on assumptions of how language and reasoning connect to experience. In this volume an analysis of meaning and truth provides a foundation for studying modern propositional and predicate logics. Chapters on propositional logic, parsing propositions, and meaning, truth, and reference give a basis for criteria that can be used to judge formalizations of ordinary language arguments. Over 120 worked examples of formalizations of propositions and arguments illustrate the scope and limitations of modern logic, as analyzed in chapters on identity, quantifiers, descriptive names, functions, and second-order logic. The chapter on second-order logic illustrates how different conceptions of predicates and propositions do not lead to a common basis for quantification over predicates, as they do for quantification over things. Notable for its clarity of presentation, and supplemented by many exercises, this volume is suitable for philosophers, linguists, mathematicians, and computer scientists who wish to better understand the tools they use in formalizing reasoning.
Introduction To Logic And Logical Discourse
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Author : Satya Sundar Sethy
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-06-12
Introduction To Logic And Logical Discourse written by Satya Sundar Sethy and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-06-12 with Philosophy categories.
This book focuses on logic and logical language. It examines different types of words, terms and propositions in detail. While discussing the nature of propositions, it illustrates the procedures used to determine the truth and falsity of a proposition, and the validity and invalidity of an argument. In addition, the book provides a clear exposition of the pure and mixed form of syllogism with suitable examples. The book encompasses sentential logic, predicate logic, symbolic logic, induction and set theory topics. The book is designed to serve all those involved in teaching and learning courses on logic. It offers a valuable resource for students and researchers in philosophy, mathematics and computer science disciplines. Given its scope, it is an essential read for everyone interested in logic, language, formulation of the hypotheses for the scientific enquiries and research studies, and judging valid and invalid arguments in the natural language discourse.
Logic And Metalogic
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: PediaPress
Release Date :
Logic And Metalogic written by and has been published by PediaPress this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
Scientific Method In Practice
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Author : Hugh G. Gauch
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2003
Scientific Method In Practice written by Hugh G. Gauch and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Science categories.
As the gateway to scientific thinking, an understanding of the scientific method is essential for success and productivity in science. This book is the first synthesis of the practice and the philosophy of the scientific method. It will enable scientists to be better scientists by offering them a deeper understanding of the underpinnings of the scientific method, thereby leading to more productive research and experimentation. It will also give scientists a more accurate perspective on the rationality of the scientific approach and its role in society. Beginning with a discussion of today's 'science wars' and science's presuppositions, the book then explores deductive and inductive logic, probability, statistics, and parsimony, and concludes with an examination of science's powers and limits, and a look at science education. Topics relevant to a variety of disciplines are treated, and clarifying figures, case studies, and chapter summaries enhance the pedagogy. This adeptly executed, comprehensive, yet pragmatic work yields a new synergy suitable for scientists and instructors, and graduate students and advanced undergraduates.
The Internal Structure Of Predicates And Names
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Author : Richard L Epstein
language : en
Publisher: Advanced Reasoning Forum
Release Date : 2018-10-31
The Internal Structure Of Predicates And Names written by Richard L Epstein and has been published by Advanced Reasoning Forum this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-10-31 with Philosophy categories.
This series of volumes is meant to extend the scope of what we can formalize in classical predicate logic, and in doing so see the limitations of what can be done. The first section of this volume presents classical predicate logic with equality. In the second section, that logic is extended to formalize reasoning that involves adverbs and relative adjectives by viewing those as modifiers of simpler predicates. What is normally taken to be an atomic predicate, such as "barking loudly", can then have internal structure. Reasoning that involves conjunctions of terms, as in "Tom and Dick lifted the table", conjunctions of modifiers, conjunctions of predicates, and disjunctions of predicates can also be formalized by viewing them as part of the internal structure of atomic predicates. Many questions about the nature of formalizing arise in doing this. The internal structure of names is the topic of the third and last section. Names for functions are used in classical predicate logic to form complex names. In our ordinary reasoning we also use descriptions to form functions, such as "the wife of", and descriptions to form names, such as "the cat that scratched Zoe". To reason with those we can take account of their internal structure by dropping the assumption that every name must refer to a specific thing. The formal systems that are developed here are meant to help us understand how to reason well. Many worked examples show how to use them. Those examples also uncover limitations of the formal work. Throughout this series of volumes, the work proceeds by abstracting and creating formal models to formalize reasoning. By paying attention to the process of abstracting we gain insight into why we consider some reasoning to be good and some reasoning bad, and insight also into the deeper assumptions we make about the world on which our judgments rely.
Mathematical Foundations Of Computational Engineering
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Author : Peter J. Pahl
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Mathematical Foundations Of Computational Engineering written by Peter J. Pahl and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
Computational engineering is the treatment of engineering tasks with computers. It is based on computational mathematics, which is presented here in a comprehensive handbook. Engineers and scientists who deal with engineering tasks have to handle large amounts of information, which must be created and structured in a systematic manner. This demands a high level of abstraction and therefore knowledge of the mathematical foundations. From the existing rich repertoire of mathematical theories and methods, the fundamentals of engineering computation are selected and presented in a coherent fashion. They are brought into a suitable order for specific engineering purposes, and their significance for typical applications is shown. The relevant definitions, notations and theories are presented in a durable form which is independent of the fast development of information and communication technology.
Logic For Applications
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Author : Anil Nerode
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Logic For Applications written by Anil Nerode and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Computers categories.
In writing this book, our goal was to produce a text suitable for a first course in mathematical logic more attuned than the traditional textbooks to the recent dramatic growth in the applications of logic to computer science. Thus our choice of topics has been heavily influenced by such applications. Of course, we cover the basic traditional topics - syntax, semantics, soundness, completeness and compactness - as well as a few more advanced results such as the theorems of Skolem-Lowenheim and Herbrand. Much of our book, however, deals with other less traditional topics. Resolution theorem proving plays a major role in our treatment of logic, especially in its application to Logic Programming and PROLOG. We deal extensively with the mathematical foundations of all three of these subjects. In addition, we include two chapters on nonclassical logic- modal and intuitionistic - that are becoming increasingly important in computer science. We develop the basic material on the syntax and se mantics (via Kripke frames) for each of these logics. In both cases, our approach to formal proofs, soundness and completeness uses modifications of the same tableau method introduced for classical logic. We indicate how it can easily be adapted to various other special types of modal log ics. A number of more advanced topics (including nonmonotonic logic) are also briefly introduced both in the nonclassical logic chapters and in the material on Logic Programming and PROLOG.
A Logical Approach To Discrete Math
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Author : David Gries
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 1993-10-22
A Logical Approach To Discrete Math written by David Gries and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993-10-22 with Computers categories.
Here, the authors strive to change the way logic and discrete math are taught in computer science and mathematics: while many books treat logic simply as another topic of study, this one is unique in its willingness to go one step further. The book traets logic as a basic tool which may be applied in essentially every other area.
Artificial Intelligence A Systems Approach
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Author : M. Tim Jones
language : en
Publisher: Jones & Bartlett Learning
Release Date : 2008-12-26
Artificial Intelligence A Systems Approach written by M. Tim Jones and has been published by Jones & Bartlett Learning this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-12-26 with Computers categories.
This book offers students and AI programmers a new perspective on the study of artificial intelligence concepts. The essential topics and theory of AI are presented, but it also includes practical information on data input & reduction as well as data output (i.e., algorithm usage). Because traditional AI concepts such as pattern recognition, numerical optimization and data mining are now simply types of algorithms, a different approach is needed. This “sensor / algorithm / effecter” approach grounds the algorithms with an environment, helps students and AI practitioners to better understand them, and subsequently, how to apply them. The book has numerous up to date applications in game programming, intelligent agents, neural networks, artificial immune systems, and more. A CD-ROM with simulations, code, and figures accompanies the book.