Primer On Memory Persistency
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A Primer On Memory Persistency
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Author : Vaibhav Gogte
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-06-01
A Primer On Memory Persistency written by Vaibhav Gogte and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-06-01 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book introduces readers to emerging persistent memory (PM) technologies that promise the performance of dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) with the durability of traditional storage media, such as hard disks and solid-state drives (SSDs). Persistent memories (PMs), such as Intel's Optane DC persistent memories, are commercially available today. Unlike traditional storage devices, PMs can be accessed over a byte-addressable load-store interface with access latency that is comparable to DRAM. Unfortunately, existing hardware and software systems are ill-equipped to fully avail the potential of these byte-addressable memory technologies as they have been designed to access traditional storage media over a block-based interface. Several mechanisms have been explored in the research literature over the past decade to design hardware and software systems that provide high-performance access to PMs.Because PMs are durable, they can retain data across failures, such as power failures and program crashes. Upon a failure, recovery mechanisms may inspect PM data, reconstruct state and resume program execution. Correct recovery of data requires that operations to the PM are properly ordered during normal program execution. Memory persistency models define the order in which memory operations are performed at the PM. Much like memory consistency models, memory persistency models may be relaxed to improve application performance. Several proposals have emerged recently to design memory persistency models for hardware and software systems and for high-level programming languages. These proposals differ in several key aspects; they relax PM ordering constraints, introduce varying programmability burden, and introduce differing granularity of failure atomicity for PM operations.This primer provides a detailed overview of the various classes of the memory persistency models, their implementations in hardware, programming languages and software systems proposed in the recent research literature, and the PM ordering techniques employed by modern processors.
Primer On Memory Persistency
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Author : GOGTE. AASHEESH VAIBHAV (KOLLI. THOMAS F., WENISCH.)
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022
Primer On Memory Persistency written by GOGTE. AASHEESH VAIBHAV (KOLLI. THOMAS F., WENISCH.) and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with Computer architecture categories.
This book introduces readers to emerging persistent memory (PM) technologies that promise the performance of dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) with the durability of traditional storage media, such as hard disks and solid-state drives (SSDs). Persistent memories (PMs), such as Intel's Optane DC persistent memories, are commercially available today. Unlike traditional storage devices, PMs can be accessed over a byte-addressable load-store interface with access latency that is comparable to DRAM. Unfortunately, existing hardware and software systems are ill-equipped to fully avail the potential of these byte-addressable memory technologies as they have been designed to access traditional storage media over a block-based interface. Several mechanisms have been explored in the research literature over the past decade to design hardware and software systems that provide high-performance access to PMs.Because PMs are durable, they can retain data across failures, such as power failures and program crashes. Upon a failure, recovery mechanisms may inspect PM data, reconstruct state and resume program execution. Correct recovery of data requires that operations to the PM are properly ordered during normal program execution. Memory persistency models define the order in which memory operations are performed at the PM. Much like memory consistency models, memory persistency models may be relaxed to improve application performance. Several proposals have emerged recently to design memory persistency models for hardware and software systems and for high-level programming languages. These proposals differ in several key aspects; they relax PM ordering constraints, introduce varying programmability burden, and introduce differing granularity of failure atomicity for PM operations.This primer provides a detailed overview of the various classes of the memory persistency models, their implementations in hardware, programming languages and software systems proposed in the recent research literature, and the PM ordering techniques employed by modern processors.
A Primer On Hardware Prefetching
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Author : Babak Falsafi
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-06-01
A Primer On Hardware Prefetching written by Babak Falsafi and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-06-01 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Since the 1970’s, microprocessor-based digital platforms have been riding Moore’s law, allowing for doubling of density for the same area roughly every two years. However, whereas microprocessor fabrication has focused on increasing instruction execution rate, memory fabrication technologies have focused primarily on an increase in capacity with negligible increase in speed. This divergent trend in performance between the processors and memory has led to a phenomenon referred to as the “Memory Wall.” To overcome the memory wall, designers have resorted to a hierarchy of cache memory levels, which rely on the principal of memory access locality to reduce the observed memory access time and the performance gap between processors and memory. Unfortunately, important workload classes exhibit adverse memory access patterns that baffle the simple policies built into modern cache hierarchies to move instructions and data across cache levels. As such, processors often spend much time idling upon a demand fetch of memory blocks that miss in higher cache levels. Prefetching—predicting future memory accesses and issuing requests for the corresponding memory blocks in advance of explicit accesses—is an effective approach to hide memory access latency. There have been a myriad of proposed prefetching techniques, and nearly every modern processor includes some hardware prefetching mechanisms targeting simple and regular memory access patterns. This primer offers an overview of the various classes of hardware prefetchers for instructions and data proposed in the research literature, and presents examples of techniques incorporated into modern microprocessors.
A Manager S Primer On E Networking
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Author : Dragan Nikolik
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-09-10
A Manager S Primer On E Networking written by Dragan Nikolik and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-09-10 with Computers categories.
The implementation of Enterprise Networks or e-Networking is of paramount importance for organisations. Enterprise-wide networking would warrant that the components of information architecture are organised to harness more out of the organisation's computing power on the desktop. This would also involve establishment of networks that link the various but important subsystems of the enterprise. Our firm belief is that in order to gain a competitive edge the organisations need knowledge and sound strategy. This conviction is particularly true today, considering the pressures from international competition, environmental concerns and complicated ethical issues. This book, entitled A Manager's Primer on e-Networking, negotiates the hyper dimensions of the Internet through stories from myriad of Web sites with its fluent presentation and simple but chronological organisation of topics highlighting numerous opportunities and providing a solid starting point not only for inexperienced entrepreneurs and managers but anyone interested in applying information technology in the business. I sincerely hope the book will help as well many small and medium size companies and organisations to launch corporate networking successfully in order to attain their strategic objectives. Rajiv Jayashankar, Ph. D.
The Sunshine On My Face
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Author : Lydia Burdick
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
The Sunshine On My Face written by Lydia Burdick and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with Health & Fitness categories.
Text on illustrated pages in large print.
Convex Optimization
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Author : Stephen P. Boyd
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2004-03-08
Convex Optimization written by Stephen P. Boyd and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-03-08 with Business & Economics categories.
Convex optimization problems arise frequently in many different fields. This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the subject, and shows in detail how such problems can be solved numerically with great efficiency. The book begins with the basic elements of convex sets and functions, and then describes various classes of convex optimization problems. Duality and approximation techniques are then covered, as are statistical estimation techniques. Various geometrical problems are then presented, and there is detailed discussion of unconstrained and constrained minimization problems, and interior-point methods. The focus of the book is on recognizing convex optimization problems and then finding the most appropriate technique for solving them. It contains many worked examples and homework exercises and will appeal to students, researchers and practitioners in fields such as engineering, computer science, mathematics, statistics, finance and economics.
A Primer On Memory Consistency And Cache Coherence
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Author : Vijay Nagarajan
language : en
Publisher: Morgan & Claypool Publishers
Release Date : 2020-02-04
A Primer On Memory Consistency And Cache Coherence written by Vijay Nagarajan and has been published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-02-04 with Computers categories.
Many modern computer systems, including homogeneous and heterogeneous architectures, support shared memory in hardware. In a shared memory system, each of the processor cores may read and write to a single shared address space. For a shared memory machine, the memory consistency model defines the architecturally visible behavior of its memory system. Consistency definitions provide rules about loads and stores (or memory reads and writes) and how they act upon memory. As part of supporting a memory consistency model, many machines also provide cache coherence protocols that ensure that multiple cached copies of data are kept up-to-date. The goal of this primer is to provide readers with a basic understanding of consistency and coherence. This understanding includes both the issues that must be solved as well as a variety of solutions. We present both high-level concepts as well as specific, concrete examples from real-world systems. This second edition reflects a decade of advancements since the first edition and includes, among other more modest changes, two new chapters: one on consistency and coherence for non-CPU accelerators (with a focus on GPUs) and one that points to formal work and tools on consistency and coherence.
A Zionist Primer
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Author : Sundel Doniger
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1917
A Zionist Primer written by Sundel Doniger and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1917 with Zionism categories.
Building A Future Proof Cloud Infrastructure
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Author : Silvano Gai
language : en
Publisher: Addison-Wesley Professional
Release Date : 2020-02-13
Building A Future Proof Cloud Infrastructure written by Silvano Gai and has been published by Addison-Wesley Professional this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-02-13 with Computers categories.
Prepare for the future of cloud infrastructure: Distributed Services Platforms By moving service modules closer to applications, Distributed Services (DS) Platforms will future-proof cloud architectures—improving performance, responsiveness, observability, and troubleshooting. Network pioneer Silvano Gai demonstrates DS Platforms’ remarkable capabilities and guides you through implementing them in diverse hardware. Focusing on business benefits throughout, Gai shows how to provide essential shared services such as segment routing, NAT, firewall, micro-segmentation, load balancing, SSL/TLS termination, VPNs, RDMA, and storage—including storage compression and encryption. He also compares three leading hardware-based approaches—Sea of Processors, FPGAs, and ASICs—preparing you to evaluate solutions, ask the right questions, and plan strategies for your environment. Understand the business drivers behind DS Platforms, and the value they offer See how modern network design and virtualization create a foundation for DS Platforms Achieve unprecedented scale through domain-specific hardware, standardized functionalities, and granular distribution Compare advantages and disadvantages of each leading hardware approach to DS Platforms Learn how P4 Domain-Specific Language and architecture enable high-performance, low-power ASICs that are data-plane-programmable at runtime Distribute cloud security services, including firewalls, encryption, key management, and VPNs Implement distributed storage and RDMA services in large-scale cloud networks Utilize Distributed Services Cards to offload networking processing from host CPUs Explore the newest DS Platform management architectures Building a Future-Proof Cloud Architecture is for network, cloud, application, and storage engineers, security experts, and every technology professional who wants to succeed with tomorrow’s most advanced service architectures.
Forensic Comparative Science
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Author : John R. Vanderkolk
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2009-08-19
Forensic Comparative Science written by John R. Vanderkolk and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-08-19 with Social Science categories.
While there is no such thing as a perfect match in the field of forensic comparative science, Forensic Comparative Science: Qualitative Quantitative Source Determination of Unique Impressions, Images, and Objects provides the experience, understanding, and judgment, necessary for concluding whether two unique images share common origin from a unique and persistent source.Knowing there will be ranges of different levels of details throughout images, the expert must be able to comprehend when a sufficient quality and quantity of details is reached to render a judgment. By utilizing a process of analyzing the first image, analyzing the second image, comparing them to each other, and evaluating the significance of the analyses and comparisons based on expertise, the comparative scientist will be able to recognize the belief and believe the recognition that occurs during comparative examinations.Forensic Comparative Science presents a philosophical and theoretical approach to explaining the cognitive process of comparative measurements and source determination. Science is about understanding and generalizing nature. This book is about generalizing comparative science. - Brings the comparative sciences under one philosophy of understanding in regards to terminology, examination method and standards for conclusions - Provides standards for conclusions including sufficiency vs. insufficiency for comparisons, individualization, agreement vs. disagreement, and levels of detail required - Not only helps gaining scientific and technical knowledge but also helps to understand and appreciate the importance of the comparative sciences to the criminal justice system - A 'must read' for any forensic science student with an interest in comparative sciences, all trainees in forensic laboratories, and active examiners throughout the world wanting a compilation of many disciplines under one generalized philosophy of examination