Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases Regulate Cancer Bioenergetics And Macrophage Immune Responses
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Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases Regulate Cancer Bioenergetics And Macrophage Immune Responses
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Author : Valerie Vinette
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases Regulate Cancer Bioenergetics And Macrophage Immune Responses written by Valerie Vinette and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
"Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third deadliest cancer worldwide and there is still much to uncover about the underlying mechanisms for its initiation and progression. We now understand that certain acquired cellular characteristics are commonly present in a plethora of different cancers. Two of these hallmarks of cancer that are closely intertwined are dysregulated cellular metabolism and inflammation. Considering that protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) can act as both oncogenes or tumour suppressors, we sought to investigate their role in regulating these two cancer hallmarks. In Chapter 2, I investigated the role of PTPs in regulating the cellular metabolism of colorectal cancer cells and identified 24 PTP candidates. Additional studies validated that the candidate TC-PTP is indeed a positive regulator of mitochondrial respiration and ATP production in CRC cells. Absence of TC-PTP does not affect the glycolytic activity of cells, but leads to hyperphosphorylation of STAT1, STAT3 and p38. In Chapter 3, I demonstrated that TC-PTP is an important modulator of macrophage polarization and immune response. Inhibition of TC-PTP in macrophages promotes pro-inflammatory macrophage polarization and leads to a dysregulated transcriptome, with over-representation of immune response and mitochondrial respiration pathways. In Chapter 4, we established that PTP1B is a regulator of the IL-10-induced transcriptome in macrophages. Deficiency of PTP1B in macrophages activates STAT3 and leads to induction of anti-inflammatory genes. We also identified a subset of STAT1-induced pro-inflammatory genes that are increased in absence of PTP1B, highlighting its importance in maintaining the homeostasis between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine signaling. The work presented in this thesis identifies a role for PTPs as negative regulators of cellular metabolism and tumour-promoting inflammation. TC-PTP may act as a tumour suppressor by preventing the metabolic switch known as the Warburg effect and by promoting anti-inflammatory macrophage polarization. Given that altered metabolism can induce inflammation and vice-versa, further studies would need to be conducted to understand how cellular metabolism and macrophage immune response are interconnected in the context of colorectal cancer and colitis-associated colorectal cancer"--
Translocator Protein Tspo
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Author : Giovanni Natile
language : en
Publisher: MDPI
Release Date : 2018-03-05
Translocator Protein Tspo written by Giovanni Natile and has been published by MDPI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-03-05 with Electronic books categories.
This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Translocator Protein (TSPO)" that was published in IJMS
Bioenergetics
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Author : David G. Nicholls
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2002-07-03
Bioenergetics written by David G. Nicholls and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-07-03 with Science categories.
This new edition of Bioenergetics presents a clear and up-to-date explanation of the chemiosmotic theory and covers mitochondria, bacteria, and chloroplasts. It takes account of the many newly determined structures, such as ATP synthase and the two photosystems of photosynthesis, that provide molecular insight into chemiosmotic energy transduction. This edition includes additional color figures of protein structures and many newly drawn illustrations designed to enable the reader to grasp the fundamental insights that are derived from knowing the structure. Every chapter has been extensively revised and updated and a new chapter on the study of the bioenergetics of mitochondria in the intact cell is included to satisfy the enormous interest in this topic. Written for students and researchers alike, this book is the most current text on the chemiosmotic theory and membrane bioenergetics available. Key Features * Chapter on the study of bioenergetics of mitochondria in the intact cell * Appendix listing protein structure resources * Additional colour plates of protein structures * Many newly drawn illustrations * Website
Phosphatase Modulators
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Author : José Luis Millán
language : en
Publisher: Humana
Release Date : 2016-08-23
Phosphatase Modulators written by José Luis Millán and has been published by Humana this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-08-23 with Medical categories.
Driving further the research on mammalian alkaline phosphatase structure and function, Phosphatase Modulators collects expert contributions into one “how to” manual for basic scientists interested in initiating a drug discovery effort. While this book contains the traditional method chapters and some typical reviews on the structure and known functions of phosphatases, other contributions are meant to discuss approaches and alternatives useful in making “go/no-go” decisions in high throughput screening (HTS) and lead optimization campaigns. Many chapters focus on tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) as well as protein phosphatases. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters in this volume include the kind of detail and key implementation advice that promotes reproducible results. Step-by-step and practical, Phosphatase Modulators offers a path to understanding many of the facets and complexities associated with undertaking a drug discovery effort and will serve as a roadmap to initiating those efforts.
Metabolism In Cancer
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Author : Thorsten Cramer
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-08-24
Metabolism In Cancer written by Thorsten Cramer and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-08-24 with Medical categories.
This textbook presents concise chapters written by internationally respected experts on various important aspects of cancer-associated metabolism, offering a comprehensive overview of the central features of this exciting research field. The discovery that tumor cells display characteristic alterations of metabolic pathways has significantly changed our understanding of cancer: while the first description of tumor-specific changes in cellular energetics was published more than 90 years ago, the causal significance of this observation for the pathogenesis of cancer was only discovered in the post-genome era. The first 10 years of the twenty-first century were characterized by rapid advances in our grasp of the functional role of cancer-specific metabolism as well as the underlying molecular pathways. Various unanticipated interrelations between metabolic alterations and cancer-driving pathways were identified and currently await translation into diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Yet the speed, quantity, and complexity of these new discoveries make it difficult for researchers to keep up to date with the latest developments, an issue this book helps to remedy.
The Tumour Microenvironment
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Author : Jamie A. Goode
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2001-11-28
The Tumour Microenvironment written by Jamie A. Goode and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-11-28 with Science categories.
Ergebnisse von in vitro-Studien lassen vermuten, dass sich der pH-Wert in einem Tumor auf die Wirksamkeit von Chemo- oder Strahlentherapien auswirken kann. Wie aber sieht die Beziehung zwischen der Tumorentwicklung und dem pH-Wert aus? Können ein niedriger pH-Wert oder ein Sauerstoffmangel die Carcinogenese hemmen? Wo bieten sich therapeutische Ansätze? Anwort auf diese und andere Fragen finden Sie in diesem Band. In interdisziplinärer Weise wurden Beiträge aus der Grundlagenforschung und der klinischen Praxis zusammengetragen.
Mitochondria And Cancer
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Author : Keshav Singh
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2009-04-05
Mitochondria And Cancer written by Keshav Singh and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-04-05 with Medical categories.
Nearly a century of scientific research has revealed that mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the most common and consistent phenotypes of cancer cells. A number of notable differences in the mitochondria of normal and cancer cells have been described. These include differences in mitochondrial metabolic activity, molecular composition of mitochondria and mtDNA sequence, as well as in alteration of nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial proteins. This book, Mitochondria and Cancer, edited by Keshav K. Singh and Leslie C. Costello, presents thorough analyses of mitochondrial dysfunction as one of the hallmarks of cancer, discusses the clinical implications of mitochondrial defects in cancer, and as unique cellular targets for novel and selective anti-cancer therapy.
Novel Prospects In Oxidative And Nitrosative Stress
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Author : Pinar Atukeren
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2018-05-09
Novel Prospects In Oxidative And Nitrosative Stress written by Pinar Atukeren and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-05-09 with Science categories.
Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of various diseases when there is a disruption of the intracellular redox balance and the homeostatic balance between cellular oxidants and antioxidants. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) react with molecular targets including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids contributing to mitochondrial injury and cellular dysfunction. This book intends to provide the readers with an extensive overview of the novel approaches and prospects based on oxidative and nitrosative stress in the pathophysiology of various diseases and in the current treatment strategies with antioxidants.
Mechanisms Of Insulin Action
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Author : Alan R. Saltiel
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2007-10-05
Mechanisms Of Insulin Action written by Alan R. Saltiel and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-10-05 with Medical categories.
More than 18 million people in the United States have diabetes mellitus, and about 90% of these have the type 2 form of the disease. This book attempts to dissect the complexity of the molecular mechanisms of insulin action with a special emphasis on those features of the system that are subject to alteration in type 2 diabetes and other insulin resistant states. It explores insulin action at the most basic levels, through complex systems.
Intracellular Signaling Mediators In The Circulatory And Ventilatory Systems
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Author : Marc Thiriet
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-09-26
Intracellular Signaling Mediators In The Circulatory And Ventilatory Systems written by Marc Thiriet and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-09-26 with Science categories.
The volumes in this authoritative series present a multidisciplinary approach to modeling and simulation of flows in the cardiovascular and ventilatory systems, especially multiscale modeling and coupled simulations. The cardiovascular and respiratory systems are tightly coupled, as their primary function is to supply oxygen to and remove carbon dioxide from the body's cells. Because physiological conduits have deformable and reactive walls, macroscopic flow behavior and prediction must be coupled to phenomenological models of nano- and microscopic events in a corrector scheme of regulated mechanisms when the vessel lumen caliber varies markedly. Therefore, investigation of flows of blood and air in physiological conduits requires an understanding of the biology, chemistry, and physics of these systems together with the mathematical tools to describe their functioning. Volume 4 is devoted to major sets of intracellular mediators that transmit signals upon stimulation of cell-surface receptors. Activation of signaling effectors triggers the release of substances stored in cellular organelles and/or gene transcription and protein synthesis. Complex stages of cell signaling can be studied using proper mathematical models, once the role of each component is carefully handled. Volume 4 also reviews various categories of cytosolic and/or nuclear mediators and illustrates some major signal transduction pathways, such as NFkappaB axis, oxygen sensing, and mechanotransduction.