Public Trust In Medical Researchers And Intentions To Participate In Medical Studies
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Public Trust In Medical Researchers And Intentions To Participate In Medical Studies
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Author : Ian F. Wall
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Public Trust In Medical Researchers And Intentions To Participate In Medical Studies written by Ian F. Wall and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
Medical advancements are the collective achievement of medical researchers and human subject volunteers. However, participation in medical research is often imbalanced along the dimensions of race/ethnicity, education, income, age, gender, geographic placement, and more, limiting the generalizability of results. In this dissertation, I explore intentions to participate in three types of medical research studies of varying levels of invasiveness and the role of trust in medical researchers (TIMR). The first empirical chapter uses an experimental design and cognitive interviewing among a quota sample of black, Latino, American Indian, and white participants (16 each) to assess response tendencies from an agree-disagree (AD) or construct-specific (CS) version of an 11-item scale measuring TIMR. Outcomes include response latencies, behavioral indicators of response difficulties, and indicators for reliability and concurrent validity. Answers to questions and probes were also analyzed qualitatively. The AD scale outperforms the CS scale counter to expectations. The second empirical chapter uses the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to predict intentions to participate in research among a convenience sample of 106 black, 100 Latino, 102 American Indian, and 102 white respondents. Structural equation models suggest that the TPB explains high proportions of variation in expressed likelihood of participation (LoP), TIMR can be a useful extension of the TPB, and the extended TPB explains much of the racial/ethnic differences in LoP related to a blood donation study. The third empirical chapter provides "doubly robust" estimates of the causal effect of TIMR on LoP. If one were to begin with low TIMR (below the sample median), substantially increasing their TIMR (placing them above the sample median) is estimated to increase respondents' probability of reporting that they are likely to participate by 13.8% (95% CI: 6.2% - 21.5%) in a study involving questions, 10.1% (95% CI: 0.3% - 19.9%) for a blood donation study, and no significant effect (95% CI: -9.9% - 9.5%) for a clinical trial. Results stratified by race/ethnicity reveal more complex relationships. Improving public TIMR in the magnitude needed to reduce participation disparities will likely require the long-term investment and attention of research institutions at the community level
Testing Treatments
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Author : Imogen Evans
language : en
Publisher: Pinter & Martin Publishers
Release Date : 2011
Testing Treatments written by Imogen Evans and has been published by Pinter & Martin Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Health & Fitness categories.
This work provides a thought-provoking account of how medical treatments can be tested with unbiased or 'fair' trials and explains how patients can work with doctors to achieve this vital goal. It spans the gamut of therapy from mastectomy to thalidomide and explores a vast range of case studies.
Beyond The Hipaa Privacy Rule
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Author : Institute of Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2009-03-24
Beyond The Hipaa Privacy Rule written by Institute of Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-03-24 with Computers categories.
In the realm of health care, privacy protections are needed to preserve patients' dignity and prevent possible harms. Ten years ago, to address these concerns as well as set guidelines for ethical health research, Congress called for a set of federal standards now known as the HIPAA Privacy Rule. In its 2009 report, Beyond the HIPAA Privacy Rule: Enhancing Privacy, Improving Health Through Research, the Institute of Medicine's Committee on Health Research and the Privacy of Health Information concludes that the HIPAA Privacy Rule does not protect privacy as well as it should, and that it impedes important health research.
Sharing Clinical Trial Data
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Author : Institute of Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2015-04-20
Sharing Clinical Trial Data written by Institute of Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-04-20 with Medical categories.
Data sharing can accelerate new discoveries by avoiding duplicative trials, stimulating new ideas for research, and enabling the maximal scientific knowledge and benefits to be gained from the efforts of clinical trial participants and investigators. At the same time, sharing clinical trial data presents risks, burdens, and challenges. These include the need to protect the privacy and honor the consent of clinical trial participants; safeguard the legitimate economic interests of sponsors; and guard against invalid secondary analyses, which could undermine trust in clinical trials or otherwise harm public health. Sharing Clinical Trial Data presents activities and strategies for the responsible sharing of clinical trial data. With the goal of increasing scientific knowledge to lead to better therapies for patients, this book identifies guiding principles and makes recommendations to maximize the benefits and minimize risks. This report offers guidance on the types of clinical trial data available at different points in the process, the points in the process at which each type of data should be shared, methods for sharing data, what groups should have access to data, and future knowledge and infrastructure needs. Responsible sharing of clinical trial data will allow other investigators to replicate published findings and carry out additional analyses, strengthen the evidence base for regulatory and clinical decisions, and increase the scientific knowledge gained from investments by the funders of clinical trials. The recommendations of Sharing Clinical Trial Data will be useful both now and well into the future as improved sharing of data leads to a stronger evidence base for treatment. This book will be of interest to stakeholders across the spectrum of research--from funders, to researchers, to journals, to physicians, and ultimately, to patients.
Public Trust In Medical Research
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Author : Philip Cheung
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2018-04-19
Public Trust In Medical Research written by Philip Cheung and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-04-19 with Medical categories.
It has been claimed by fertility experts that embryos can be screened for 6,000 diseases, thereby the risk of x-linked diseases can be minimised by 'cherry-picking' male embryos that do not carry the abnormal gene. If medical scientists continue to strive for cures, genetic aberrance in human could be a phenomenon of the past...This challenging book explores issues of professional integrity and ethics underpinning medical research. It includes real-life case studies where public trust in medical research has been misplaced and encourages medical professionals to adhere to professional codes of conduct and be informed about their decision making process. It is vital reading for undergraduate and postgraduate students of medicine, law, sociology and social policy, philosophy, health related research and ethics. Practising researchers in medicine and the pharmaceutical industry, and their managers will find it invaluable. The text provides motivation for academics and educators with an interest in research and governance. Healthcare policy makers and shapers, patient rights groups, campaigners and the general media will find the information enlightening. "Over the last four decades, medicine has given hope to many people and saved many lives as a result of the ability of the physicians and surgeons to develop new treatments and innovative surgical techniques. While we can celebrate the success of medical science, we should also critically examine some of these developments against principles and in the light of public opinion." - Philip Cheung.
Returning Individual Research Results To Participants
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Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2018-09-23
Returning Individual Research Results To Participants written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-09-23 with Medical categories.
When is it appropriate to return individual research results to participants? The immense interest in this question has been fostered by the growing movement toward greater transparency and participant engagement in the research enterprise. Yet, the risks of returning individual research resultsâ€"such as results with unknown validityâ€"and the associated burdens on the research enterprise are competing considerations. Returning Individual Research Results to Participants reviews the current evidence on the benefits, harms, and costs of returning individual research results, while also considering the ethical, social, operational, and regulatory aspects of the practice. This report includes 12 recommendations directed to various stakeholdersâ€"investigators, sponsors, research institutions, institutional review boards (IRBs), regulators, and participantsâ€"and are designed to help (1) support decision making regarding the return of results on a study-by-study basis, (2) promote high-quality individual research results, (3) foster participant understanding of individual research results, and (4) revise and harmonize current regulations.
Global Genes Local Concerns
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Author : Timo Minssen
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2019
Global Genes Local Concerns written by Timo Minssen and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with LAW categories.
With interdisciplinary chapters written by lawyers, sociologists, doctors and biobank practitioners, Global Genes, Local Concerns identifies and discusses the most pressing issues in contemporary biobanking. Addressing pressing questions such as how do national biobanks best contribute to translational research and how could academic and industrial exploitation, ownership and IPR issues be addressed and facilitated, this book contributes to the continued development of international biobanking by highlighting and analysing the complexities in this important area of research.
Digital Health Care Outside Of Traditional Clinical Settings
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Author : I. Glenn Cohen
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2024-04-30
Digital Health Care Outside Of Traditional Clinical Settings written by I. Glenn Cohen and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-04-30 with Law categories.
Health care delivery is shifting away from the clinic and into the home. Even prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of telehealth, wearable sensors, ambient surveillance, and other products was on the rise. In the coming years, patients will increasingly interact with digital products at every stage of their care, such as using wearable sensors to monitor changes in temperature or blood pressure, conducting self-directed testing before virtually meeting with a physician for a diagnosis, and using smart pills to document their adherence to prescribed treatments. This volume reflects on the explosion of at-home digital health care and explores the ethical, legal, regulatory, and reimbursement impacts of this shift away from the 20th-century focus on clinics and hospitals towards a more modern health care model. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Public Health Reports
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1997
Public Health Reports written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Public health categories.
Bioethics Amidst The Covid 19 Pandemic
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Author : Maysa Al-Hussaini
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2022-01-13
Bioethics Amidst The Covid 19 Pandemic written by Maysa Al-Hussaini and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-01-13 with Medical categories.