Rare Earth Elements And China S Dominance Of The Global Market
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Rare Earth Elements And China S Dominance Of The Global Market
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Author : Anonym
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2013-08
Rare Earth Elements And China S Dominance Of The Global Market written by Anonym and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-08 with Business & Economics categories.
Seminar paper from the year 2012 in the subject Business economics - Economic Policy, grade: -, -, language: English, abstract: Almost twenty years after Deng Xiaoping stated: 'There is oil in the Middle East, but there is rare earth in China, ' the country controls the REE global supply almost solely. Recent Chinese policies of raising taxes and cutting export quotas combined with its temporary ban on REE exports led not only to steadily increasing prices. Most notably it created uncertainty among companies producing outside Chine whether they will be able to get sufficient amounts of REE in the future and how much this is going to cost. Because it will take several years until Western mining capacities meet Western companies' demand, some manufacturers in need of REE have already started to relocate their factories to China. Beijing claims that their policies are dedicated to tackle environmental problems which have been caused by mining REE. However, taken into account that Beijing policies also require Chinese partners for foreign companies that operate within China, Western companies that relocate their facilities may risk handing over knowledge to future competitors. Aware of the consequences that Beijing's new fondness for environmental issues brings, governments and companies especially in Japan, the U.S. and Europe try to find ways to decrease their dependencies. This report examines factors that led to China's dominance on the REE market today and presents some counteractions which governments and companies in Japan, the U.S. and Europe have introduced to mitigate this situation. The two principal findings of this report are: first, because Western mining companies will need time to meet their companies' demand, the current situation is going to sustain for at least a few more years to come; and second, although China runs the risk of selling off its REE resources abroad which it needs for its own economy at home, it may benefit from the technology trans
Rare Earth Elements And China S Dominance Of The Global Market
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2012-01-03
Rare Earth Elements And China S Dominance Of The Global Market written by and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-01-03 with Political Science categories.
Seminar paper from the year 2012 in the subject Business economics - Economic Policy, , language: English, abstract: Almost twenty years after Deng Xiaoping stated: ‘There is oil in the Middle East, but there is rare earth in China,’ the country controls the REE global supply almost solely. Recent Chinese policies of raising taxes and cutting export quotas combined with its temporary ban on REE exports led not only to steadily increasing prices. Most notably it created uncertainty among companies producing outside Chine whether they will be able to get sufficient amounts of REE in the future and how much this is going to cost. Because it will take several years until Western mining capacities meet Western companies’ demand, some manufacturers in need of REE have already started to relocate their factories to China. Beijing claims that their policies are dedicated to tackle environmental problems which have been caused by mining REE. However, taken into account that Beijing policies also require Chinese partners for foreign companies that operate within China, Western companies that relocate their facilities may risk handing over knowledge to future competitors. Aware of the consequences that Beijing’s new fondness for environmental issues brings, governments and companies especially in Japan, the U.S. and Europe try to find ways to decrease their dependencies. This report examines factors that led to China’s dominance on the REE market today and presents some counteractions which governments and companies in Japan, the U.S. and Europe have introduced to mitigate this situation. The two principal findings of this report are: first, because Western mining companies will need time to meet their companies’ demand, the current situation is going to sustain for at least a few more years to come; and second, although China runs the risk of selling off its REE resources abroad which it needs for its own economy at home, it may benefit from the technology transfer in the long run.
China And The Geopolitics Of Rare Earths
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Author : Sophia Kalantzakos
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2018
China And The Geopolitics Of Rare Earths written by Sophia Kalantzakos and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with Business & Economics categories.
Resource competition, mineral scarcity, and economic statecraft -- What are rare earths? -- Salt and oil : strategic parallels -- How China came to dominate the rare earth industry
China S Virtual Monopoly Of Rare Earth Elements
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Author : Roland Howanietz
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2018-06-12
China S Virtual Monopoly Of Rare Earth Elements written by Roland Howanietz and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-06-12 with Social Science categories.
Rare Earth Elements are a group of 17 metals which have a central role in modern industry, increasingly used in the fields of green technologies, high technological consumer goods, industrial and medical appliances and modern weapons systems. Although deposits of Rare Earths are globally dispersed, over 90% of global demand has been provided by Chinese mines since the late 1990s, leading to a situation where China has a virtual monopoly. This book surveys the Rare Earths mining industry, discusses the extent to which Rare Earths really are scarce elsewhere in the world and assesses the economics of production, considering arguments for the rationing of supply, for higher pricing and for a total export embargo. This actually occurred in 2010, demonstrating the vulnerability of the rest of the world to China’s control of these increasingly vital resources.
China S Rare Earth Industry And Export Regime
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Author : Wayne M. Morrison
language : en
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Release Date : 2012-12-26
China S Rare Earth Industry And Export Regime written by Wayne M. Morrison and has been published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-26 with China categories.
Over the past few years, the Chinese government has implemented a number of policies to tighten its control over the production and export of "rare earths"-a unique group of 17 metal elements on the periodic table that exhibit a range of special properties, such as magnetism, luminescence, and strength. Rare earths are important to a number of high technology industries, including renewable energy and various defense systems.
Rare Earth Elements
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Author : Marc Humphries
language : en
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
Release Date : 2010-11
Rare Earth Elements written by Marc Humphries and has been published by DIANE Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-11 with Science categories.
Contents: (1) Intro.; (2) What are Rare Earth Elements (REE)?; (3) Major End Uses and Applications: Demand for REE; The Application of REE in National Defense; (4) Rare Earth Resources and Production Potential; Supply Chain Issues; Role of China; (5) Rare Earth Legislation in the 111th Congress: H.R. 4866, and S. 3521, the Rare Earths Supply-Chain Technology and Resources Transformation Act of 2010; H.R. 5136, the FY 2011 Nat. Defense Authorization Act; P.L. 111-84, the FY 2010 Nat. Defense Authorization Act; (6) Possible Policy Options: Authorize and Appropriate Funding for a USGS Assessment; Support and Encourage Greater Exploration for REE; Challenge China on Its Export Policy; Establish a Stockpile. Illustrations.
The Rare Metals War
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Author : Guillaume Pitron
language : en
Publisher: Scribe Publications
Release Date : 2020-08-04
The Rare Metals War written by Guillaume Pitron and has been published by Scribe Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-08-04 with Nature categories.
The resources race is on. Powering our digital lives and green technologies are some of the Earth’s most precious metals — but they are running out. And what will happen when they do? The green-tech revolution has been lauded as the silver bullet to a new world. One that is at last free of oil, pollution, shortages, and cross-border tensions. Drawing on six years of research across a dozen countries, this book cuts across conventional green thinking to probe the hidden, dark side of green technology. By breaking free of fossil fuels, we are in fact setting ourselves up for a new dependence — on rare metals such as cobalt, gold, and palladium. They are essential to electric vehicles, wind turbines, solar panels, our smartphones, computers, tablets, and other everyday connected objects. China has captured the lion’s share of the rare metals industry, but consumers know very little about how they are mined and traded, or their environmental, economic, and geopolitical costs. The Rare Metals War is a vital exposé of the ticking time-bomb that lies beneath our new technological order. It uncovers the reality of our lavish and ambitious environmental quest that involves risks as formidable as those it seeks to resolve.
Rare Earth Frontiers
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Author : Julie Michelle Klinger
language : en
Publisher: Cornell University Press
Release Date : 2018-01-15
Rare Earth Frontiers written by Julie Michelle Klinger and has been published by Cornell University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-01-15 with Political Science categories.
Owing to their unique magnetic, phosphorescent, and catalytic properties, rare earths are the elements that make possible teverything from the miniaturization of electronics, to the enabling of green energy and medical technologies, to supporting essential telecommunications and defense systems. An iPhone uses eight rare earths for everything from its colored screen, to its speakers, to the miniaturization of the phone?s circuitry. On the periodic table rare earth elements comprise a set of seventeen chemical elements (the fifteen lanthanides plus scandium and yttrium). There would be no Pokémon Go without rare earths. Rare Earth Frontiers is a work of human geography. Klinger looks historically and geographically at the ways rare earth elements in three discrete but representative and contested sites are given meaning.
China S Rare Earth Industry
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Author : Pui-Kwan Tse
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
China S Rare Earth Industry written by Pui-Kwan Tse and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with China categories.
China's dominant position as the producer of over 95 percent of the world output of rare-earth minerals and rapid increases in the consumption of rare earths owing to the emergence of new clean-energy and defense-related technologies, combined with China's decisions to restrict exports of rare earths, have resulted in heightened concerns about the future availability of rare earths. As a result, industrial countries such as Japan, the United States, and countries of the European Union face tighter supplies and higher prices for rare earths. This paper briefly reviews China's rare-earth production, consumption, and reserves and the important policies and regulations regarding the production and trade of rare earths, including recently announced export quotas.
Critical Materials Strategy
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Author : Steven Chu
language : en
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
Release Date : 2011-05
Critical Materials Strategy written by Steven Chu and has been published by DIANE Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-05 with Reference categories.
This report examines the role of rare earth metals and other materials in the clean energy economy. It was prepared by the U.S. Department of Energy (DoE) based on data collected and research performed during 2010. In the report, DoE describes plans to: (1) develop its first integrated research agenda addressing critical materials, building on three technical workshops convened by the DoE during November and December 2010; (2) strengthen its capacity for information-gathering on this topic; and (3) work closely with international partners, including Japan and Europe, to reduce vulnerability to supply disruptions and address critical material needs. Charts and tables. This is a print on demand report.