China S Rare Earth Industry
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China And The Geopolitics Of Rare Earths
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Author : Sophia Kalantzakos
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2018
China And The Geopolitics Of Rare Earths written by Sophia Kalantzakos and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with Business & Economics categories.
Resource competition, mineral scarcity, and economic statecraft -- What are rare earths? -- Salt and oil : strategic parallels -- How China came to dominate the rare earth industry
China S Rare Earth Industry And Export Regime
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Author : Wayne M. Morrison
language : en
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Release Date : 2012-12-26
China S Rare Earth Industry And Export Regime written by Wayne M. Morrison and has been published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-26 with China categories.
Over the past few years, the Chinese government has implemented a number of policies to tighten its control over the production and export of "rare earths"-a unique group of 17 metal elements on the periodic table that exhibit a range of special properties, such as magnetism, luminescence, and strength. Rare earths are important to a number of high technology industries, including renewable energy and various defense systems.
China S Rare Earth Industry
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Author : Pui-Kwan Tse
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
China S Rare Earth Industry written by Pui-Kwan Tse and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with China categories.
China's dominant position as the producer of over 95 percent of the world output of rare-earth minerals and rapid increases in the consumption of rare earths owing to the emergence of new clean-energy and defense-related technologies, combined with China's decisions to restrict exports of rare earths, have resulted in heightened concerns about the future availability of rare earths. As a result, industrial countries such as Japan, the United States, and countries of the European Union face tighter supplies and higher prices for rare earths. This paper briefly reviews China's rare-earth production, consumption, and reserves and the important policies and regulations regarding the production and trade of rare earths, including recently announced export quotas.
China S Virtual Monopoly Of Rare Earth Elements
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Author : Roland Howanietz
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2018-06-12
China S Virtual Monopoly Of Rare Earth Elements written by Roland Howanietz and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-06-12 with Social Science categories.
Rare Earth Elements are a group of 17 metals which have a central role in modern industry, increasingly used in the fields of green technologies, high technological consumer goods, industrial and medical appliances and modern weapons systems. Although deposits of Rare Earths are globally dispersed, over 90% of global demand has been provided by Chinese mines since the late 1990s, leading to a situation where China has a virtual monopoly. This book surveys the Rare Earths mining industry, discusses the extent to which Rare Earths really are scarce elsewhere in the world and assesses the economics of production, considering arguments for the rationing of supply, for higher pricing and for a total export embargo. This actually occurred in 2010, demonstrating the vulnerability of the rest of the world to China’s control of these increasingly vital resources.
Rare Earth Elements And China S Dominance Of The Global Market
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Author : Anonym
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2013-08
Rare Earth Elements And China S Dominance Of The Global Market written by Anonym and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-08 with Business & Economics categories.
Seminar paper from the year 2012 in the subject Business economics - Economic Policy, grade: -, -, language: English, abstract: Almost twenty years after Deng Xiaoping stated: 'There is oil in the Middle East, but there is rare earth in China, ' the country controls the REE global supply almost solely. Recent Chinese policies of raising taxes and cutting export quotas combined with its temporary ban on REE exports led not only to steadily increasing prices. Most notably it created uncertainty among companies producing outside Chine whether they will be able to get sufficient amounts of REE in the future and how much this is going to cost. Because it will take several years until Western mining capacities meet Western companies' demand, some manufacturers in need of REE have already started to relocate their factories to China. Beijing claims that their policies are dedicated to tackle environmental problems which have been caused by mining REE. However, taken into account that Beijing policies also require Chinese partners for foreign companies that operate within China, Western companies that relocate their facilities may risk handing over knowledge to future competitors. Aware of the consequences that Beijing's new fondness for environmental issues brings, governments and companies especially in Japan, the U.S. and Europe try to find ways to decrease their dependencies. This report examines factors that led to China's dominance on the REE market today and presents some counteractions which governments and companies in Japan, the U.S. and Europe have introduced to mitigate this situation. The two principal findings of this report are: first, because Western mining companies will need time to meet their companies' demand, the current situation is going to sustain for at least a few more years to come; and second, although China runs the risk of selling off its REE resources abroad which it needs for its own economy at home, it may benefit from the technology trans
Rare Earth Elements
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Author : Marc Humphries
language : en
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
Release Date : 2010-11
Rare Earth Elements written by Marc Humphries and has been published by DIANE Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-11 with Science categories.
Contents: (1) Intro.; (2) What are Rare Earth Elements (REE)?; (3) Major End Uses and Applications: Demand for REE; The Application of REE in National Defense; (4) Rare Earth Resources and Production Potential; Supply Chain Issues; Role of China; (5) Rare Earth Legislation in the 111th Congress: H.R. 4866, and S. 3521, the Rare Earths Supply-Chain Technology and Resources Transformation Act of 2010; H.R. 5136, the FY 2011 Nat. Defense Authorization Act; P.L. 111-84, the FY 2010 Nat. Defense Authorization Act; (6) Possible Policy Options: Authorize and Appropriate Funding for a USGS Assessment; Support and Encourage Greater Exploration for REE; Challenge China on Its Export Policy; Establish a Stockpile. Illustrations.
Rare Earth Elements And China S Dominance Of The Global Market
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2012-01-03
Rare Earth Elements And China S Dominance Of The Global Market written by and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-01-03 with Political Science categories.
Seminar paper from the year 2012 in the subject Business economics - Economic Policy, , language: English, abstract: Almost twenty years after Deng Xiaoping stated: ‘There is oil in the Middle East, but there is rare earth in China,’ the country controls the REE global supply almost solely. Recent Chinese policies of raising taxes and cutting export quotas combined with its temporary ban on REE exports led not only to steadily increasing prices. Most notably it created uncertainty among companies producing outside Chine whether they will be able to get sufficient amounts of REE in the future and how much this is going to cost. Because it will take several years until Western mining capacities meet Western companies’ demand, some manufacturers in need of REE have already started to relocate their factories to China. Beijing claims that their policies are dedicated to tackle environmental problems which have been caused by mining REE. However, taken into account that Beijing policies also require Chinese partners for foreign companies that operate within China, Western companies that relocate their facilities may risk handing over knowledge to future competitors. Aware of the consequences that Beijing’s new fondness for environmental issues brings, governments and companies especially in Japan, the U.S. and Europe try to find ways to decrease their dependencies. This report examines factors that led to China’s dominance on the REE market today and presents some counteractions which governments and companies in Japan, the U.S. and Europe have introduced to mitigate this situation. The two principal findings of this report are: first, because Western mining companies will need time to meet their companies’ demand, the current situation is going to sustain for at least a few more years to come; and second, although China runs the risk of selling off its REE resources abroad which it needs for its own economy at home, it may benefit from the technology transfer in the long run.
China S Rare Earth Industry And Export Regime
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Author : Wayne M. Morrison
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012-11-17
China S Rare Earth Industry And Export Regime written by Wayne M. Morrison and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-11-17 with categories.
The Political Economy Of Rare Earth Elements
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Author : Ryan David Kiggins
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-07-28
The Political Economy Of Rare Earth Elements written by Ryan David Kiggins and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-07-28 with Political Science categories.
The contributors argue that rare earths are essential to the information technology revolution on which humans have come to depend for communication, commerce, and, increasingly, engage in conflict. They demonstrate that rare earths are a strategic commodity over which political actors will and do struggle for control.
China S Monopoly On Rare Earths
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Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on Asia and the Pacific
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
China S Monopoly On Rare Earths written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on Asia and the Pacific and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with China categories.