Reducing Animal Use In Carcinogenicity Testing

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Reducing Animal Use In Carcinogenicity Testing

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Author : Joseph Manuppello
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2024-12-31

Reducing Animal Use In Carcinogenicity Testing written by Joseph Manuppello and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-12-31 with Medical categories.

Carcinogenicity to rats and mice is evaluated for substances to which humans are exposed, including pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and industrial chemicals. For pharmaceuticals, recent efforts to reduce animal use in long-term studies include an addendum to the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) guideline S1B(R1) that prioritizes short-term studies in transgenic mice and recommends assessing the weight of evidence available to first determine whether a long-term study in rats would add value. For other sectors, an expert group of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is developing an Integrated Approach to the Testing and Assessment (IATA) of non-genotoxic carcinogens based on common hallmarks of cancers and on key characteristics of carcinogens. Within current regulations, animal use could be reduced by evaluating toxicokinetics in main study animals with microsampling methods, by including only one negative control group, and by genotyping transgenic mice instead of using positive control groups in each study.

Use Of Laboratory Animals In Biomedical And Behavioral Research

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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 1988-02-01

Use Of Laboratory Animals In Biomedical And Behavioral Research written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988-02-01 with Science categories.

Scientific experiments using animals have contributed significantly to the improvement of human health. Animal experiments were crucial to the conquest of polio, for example, and they will undoubtedly be one of the keystones in AIDS research. However, some persons believe that the cost to the animals is often high. Authored by a committee of experts from various fields, this book discusses the benefits that have resulted from animal research, the scope of animal research today, the concerns of advocates of animal welfare, and the prospects for finding alternatives to animal use. The authors conclude with specific recommendations for more consistent government action.

Reducing Refining And Replacing The Use Of Animals In Toxicity Testing

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Author : Dave Allen
language : en
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
Release Date : 2013-10-31

Reducing Refining And Replacing The Use Of Animals In Toxicity Testing written by Dave Allen and has been published by Royal Society of Chemistry this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-31 with Science categories.

Toxicity testing is used to assess the safety or hazards presented by substances such as industrial chemicals, consumer products, and pharmaceuticals. At present, many methods involve laboratory animals. Alternative procedures, some involving human cell-based technologies, are now being developed which reduce, refine, or replace animal usage and minimize the pain and distress caused. These new tests must protect public health and the environment at least as well as currently accepted methods. This book describes the ever-expanding "toolbox" of methods available to assess toxicity. Such techniques often result from our growing understanding of the biochemical and cellular pathways that mediate toxicity mechanisms. This permits evaluations of information generated from several sources to generate a "weight of evidence". By combining in silico, in vitro, and ex vivo methods with technologies that rely on biochemical- and cell-based in vitro assays, toxicologists are developing mechanistically based alternatives to live animal experimentation. This text also explores the complexities associated with adequate validation, and the assessment of test reliability and relevance. It provides an essential reference source for postgraduates, academics and industrialists working in this rapidly changing area.

Alternatives To Animal Testing

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Author : Hajime Kojima
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-12-27

Alternatives To Animal Testing written by Hajime Kojima and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-12-27 with Medical categories.

This open access book presents recent advances in the pure sciences that are of significance in the quest for alternatives to the use of animals in research and describes a variety of practical applications of the three key guiding principles for the more ethical use of animals in experiments – replacement, reduction, and refinement, collectively known as the 3Rs. Important examples from across the world of implementation of the 3Rs in the testing of cosmetics, chemicals, pesticides, and biologics, including vaccines, are described, with additional information on relevant regulations. The coverage also encompasses emerging approaches to alternative tests and the 3Rs. The book is based on the most informative contributions delivered at the Asian Congress 2016 on Alternatives and Animal Use in the Life Sciences. It will be of value for those working in R&D, for graduate students, and for educators in various fields, including the pharmaceutical and cosmetic sciences, pharmacology, toxicology, and animal welfare. The free, open access distribution of Alternatives to Animal Testing is enabled by the Creative Commons Attribution license in International version 4: CC BY 4.0.

Genotoxicity And Carcinogenicity Testing Of Pharmaceuticals

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Author : Michael J. Graziano
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-11-02

Genotoxicity And Carcinogenicity Testing Of Pharmaceuticals written by Michael J. Graziano and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-11-02 with Medical categories.

This book provides an overview of the nonclinical testing strategies that are used to asses and de-risk the genotoxicity and carcinogenicity properties of human pharmaceuticals. It includes a review of relevant ICH guidelines, numerous case studies where follow-up studies were conducted to further investigate positive findings, and practical considerations for the use of alternative and emerging tests. With contributions from recognized experts in the pharmaceutical industry and health authorities, this volume presents a balanced view on the interpretation and application of genotoxicity and carcinogenicity regulatory guidances. Genotoxicity and Carcinogenicity Testing of Pharmaceuticals is a valuable resource for scientists, regulators, and consultants that are engaged in the conduct, reporting, and review of nonclinical studies. This book will also help academicians better understand and appreciate the complexity of the regulations and breadth of toxicology research that are necessary to support the development and marketing of new drugs.

Alternatives To Animal Use In Research Testing And Education

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1986

Alternatives To Animal Use In Research Testing And Education written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1986 with Alternative toxicity testing categories.

Journal Of The National Cancer Institute

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998

Journal Of The National Cancer Institute written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Cancer categories.

Oecd Guidelines For The Testing Of Chemicals Section 4 Test No 451 Carcinogenicity Studies

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Author : OECD
language : en
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Release Date : 2018-06-27

Oecd Guidelines For The Testing Of Chemicals Section 4 Test No 451 Carcinogenicity Studies written by OECD and has been published by OECD Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-06-27 with categories.

The objective of a long-term carcinogenicity study is to observe test animals for a major portion of their life span for the development of neoplastic lesions during or after exposure to various doses of a test substance by an appropriate route of ...

Department Of Health And Human Services Oversight

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Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1983

Department Of Health And Human Services Oversight written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1983 with categories.

Use Of Small Fish Species In Carcinogenicity Testing

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1984

Use Of Small Fish Species In Carcinogenicity Testing written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1984 with Carcinogenicity testing categories.