Regulation Of Translation By Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 4g
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Regulation Of Translation By Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 4g
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Author : Constanze Kaiser
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Regulation Of Translation By Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 4g written by Constanze Kaiser and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Cell metabolism categories.
Translation control provides a fundamental function of cell metabolism. Protein synthesis is regulated by PI3K/AKT and Ras/MAPK pathways in response to extra- and intracellular stimuli, such as hormone and growth factors, cell cycle progression and various physiological stresses.
Translational Control Of Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 4g Expression
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Author : Weiniu Gan
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998
Translational Control Of Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 4g Expression written by Weiniu Gan and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with categories.
Translation In Eukaryotes
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Author : Hans Trachsel
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 1991-07-24
Translation In Eukaryotes written by Hans Trachsel and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991-07-24 with Science categories.
This book presents an up-to-date review of the mechanisms and regulation of translation in eukaryotes. Topics covered include the basic biochemical reactions of translation initiation, elongation and termination, and the regulation of these reactions under different physiological conditions and in virus-infected cells. The book belongs on the shelf of everyone interested in translation in eukaryotes, including students and researchers requiring comprehensive overviews of most aspects of translation and instructors who want to cover these topics at an advanced level.
Translation Initiation Reconstituted Systems And Biophysical Methods
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2007-10-09
Translation Initiation Reconstituted Systems And Biophysical Methods written by and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-10-09 with Science categories.
For over fifty years the Methods in Enzymology series has been the critically aclaimed laboratory standard and one of the most respected publications in the field of biochemistry. The highly relevant material makes it an essential publication for researchers in all fields of life and related sciences. This volume, the second of three on the topic of Translation Initiation includes articles written by leaders in the field.
Translational Control By Eukaryotic Initiation Factor Eif 4e And 4g Homologous Proteins
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Author : Ramona Weber
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Translational Control By Eukaryotic Initiation Factor Eif 4e And 4g Homologous Proteins written by Ramona Weber and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
All living systems rely on appropriate protein synthesis and therefore evolved intricate mechanisms to control their proteome. Especially, the complexity of metazoan multicellular processes requires a strict and multilayered regulation of gene expression at the level of transcription, mRNA processing, translation, mRNA stability, and protein modifications and stability. Here, I present work on two research projects that uncovered the hitherto unidentified roles of translation initiation (1) and mRNA decay factors (2) specialized in controlling unconventional mRNA translation and co-translational mRNA stability, respectively. The initiation step of translation commences with the assembly of the eukaryotic initiation factor 4F (eIF4F) complex on the mRNA 5 ́ cap structure which facilitates the recruitment of the ribosome to mediate protein synthesis. The eIF4F consists of the cap-binding protein eIF4E, the RNA helicase eIF4A and the scaffolding factor eIF4G. Apart from eIF4G, metazoan cells express other eIF4G-like proteins: eIF4G2 - a.k.a. DAP5/p97/NAT1 - and eIF4G3. Although the different homologs perform non-redundant functions in translation, we lack detailed understanding of their individual contribution to the initiation of protein synthesis. To gain insights into the function of DAP5 in translation initiation, I applied transcriptome (RNA- sequencing) and translatome (ribosome profiling) approaches to CRISPR-Cas9 engineered human HEK293T DAP5-null cells. These approaches allowed the identification of a group of mRNAs with complex 5 ́ untranslated regions (UTRs) that required the DAP5-eIF4A complex for efficient translation. In detail, the 5 ́ UTRs of DAP5 targets harbor strong secondary structures and at least one upstream open reading frame (uORF) that normally sequesters ribosomes from initiation at the main ORF (mORF). In this context, DAP5 is critical for mORF translation as it mediates re-initiation after uORF translation. Taken together, my studies on DAP5 demonstrate how cells control translation initiation using 5 ́ UTR-associated mechanisms. Regulation of translation initiation can also involve additional cap-binding proteins. The eIF4E-homologous protein (4EHP) competes with eIF4E to bind the mRNA 5 ́ cap structure. Unlike eIF4E, 4EHP does not promote translation since it is unable to recruit eIF4G and the ribosome. Instead, 4EHP represses translation and induces mRNA decay with the help of 4EHP-binding factors. The GIGYF1 and GIGYF2 proteins specifically associate with 4EHP and act as scaffolding proteins for GYF domain-associated proteins like tristetraprolin (TTP) or ZNF598, the RNA helicase and decapping activator DDX6, and NOT1 - a subunit of the CCR4-NOT deadenylase complex. When recruited to an mRNA, the 4EHP-GIGYF1/2 6 complexes thus elicit translation repression and mRNA decay. Although the molecular mechanisms have been studied in great detail, we only have sparse information on the pool of mRNAs subjected to 4EHP-GIGYF1/2 mediated repression and decay. Analysis of RNA- sequencing and ribosome profiling datasets of 4EHP- and GIGYF1/2-null cells revealed that the 4EHP-GIGYF1/2 complexes co-translationally target mRNAs with perturbed ribosome elongation or specific nascent peptide chains for decay. These include, among others, mRNAs encoding endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-targeted proteins, a- and b-tubulin subunits and mRNAs with CAG codon repeats encoding poly-glutamine (Q) stretches. In detail, the 4EHP- GIGYF1/2 complexes are recruited to target mRNAs via the GYF domain-associated proteins and upon binding to the mRNA 5 ́ cap, and DDX6, degrade the bound mRNA. My studies show for the first time how a repressive complex, associated with neurological disorders in animal models and affected humans, specifically minimizes the protein output of a subset of mRNAs. Altogether, I identified a previously unappreciated role of the 4EHP-GIGYF1/2 complexes in maintaining protein homeostasis and preventing excessive production of potentially toxic proteins. In summary, my studies increase our understanding of how metazoan cells utilize the translation control toolbox to fine-tune their proteome and react to developmental cues, adapt to environmental changes and maintain homeostasis. The identified translational programs are fundamental for establishing a multicellular organization but at the same time allow the organism to evade cancer and neurological diseases.
Regulation Of Eukaryotic Translation Initiation
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Author : Christina Lorraine Shenvi
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
Regulation Of Eukaryotic Translation Initiation written by Christina Lorraine Shenvi and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with categories.
Characterization Of Arabidopsis Thaliana Translation Initiation Factor Eif4f
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Author : Anne Marie Schneider Provinzino
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
Characterization Of Arabidopsis Thaliana Translation Initiation Factor Eif4f written by Anne Marie Schneider Provinzino and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with categories.
Eukaryotic translation initiation is a complex process involving many factors. Two vital components of this system are eukaryotic initiation factors (eIF) 4E and 4G, which together form the complex eIF4F. eIF4E is the cap-binding subunit, interacting with the 7-methyl guanosine at the 5'-end of messenger RNA. There are multiple forms of this gene in Arabidopsis thaliana: eIF4E1, eIF4E2, eIF4E3, eIFiso4E, and novel cap-binding protein. The scaffolding component of the eIF4F cap-binding complex is eIF4G. This protein binds not only to eIF4E, but also to eIF3, eIF4A, and poly(A)binding protein. Three versions are found in Arabidopsis: eIF4G, eIFiso4G1, and eIFiso4G2. Plants are unique in that they are the only organisms to contain the isoform versions of these genes. A goal of the research described in this thesis is to determine the mechanisms by which plant eIF4F isoforms specifically select mRNAs for translation. This thesis describes the cloning of dicistronic Arabidopsis eIF4G with some members of the eIF4E cap-binding family. Comparison of the biochemical activities of these complexes with various mRNAs will generate more information about their specific functions. Analysis of Arabidopsis T-DNA insertion mutants is included to elucidate the role(s) of eIF4F, eIFiso4F, and their subunits in plant translation. The phenotype(s) of a mutant may provide clues as to the function of the protein(s) not expressed. The importance of the eIF4F complex to translation initiation makes it a target for regulation. These regulatory mechanisms include inhibition by cleavage, competitive inhibitors, phosphorylation, binding of partner proteins, and exploitation by viruses. Our hypothesis is that the eIF4E and eIF4G genes are also regulated at the level or translation. Part of this thesis describes preparation and sequencing of cDNAs for eIF4G, eIFiso4G1, eIFiso4G2, eIF4E1, eIF4E2, eIF4E3, eIFiso4E, and nCBP to identify full length 5'UTRs and determine if regulatory elements are present.
Protein Translation
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Author : Eric Jan
language : en
Publisher: Biota Publishing
Release Date : 2014-05-01
Protein Translation written by Eric Jan and has been published by Biota Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-05-01 with Science categories.
Protein synthesis is a fundamental aspect of gene expression across kingdoms. The regulation of translation is important for many biological processes including cell fate determination, development, and growth and is especially crucial to maintain cellular homeostasis during cellular stress and virus infection. Misregulation of protein translation can contribute to diseases such as diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. In this chapter, we highlight the basic understanding of eukaryotic translation and the major regulations that control biological events. We focus on signaling pathways that regulate overall protein synthesis and also mechanisms that control translation of specific mRNAs such as cis-acting elements within the 5' and 3 untranslated regions (UTR). Understanding these mechanisms provide insights into the fundamental gene regulations that may provide new targets for combating disease and virus infections.
Investigation Of The Interaction Between Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factors 4g And 4a
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Author : Krishnaben Patel
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Investigation Of The Interaction Between Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factors 4g And 4a written by Krishnaben Patel and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
Examination Of The Structure Function And Regulation Of Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 3 Eif3
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Author : Greg Leon Mayeur
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001
Examination Of The Structure Function And Regulation Of Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 3 Eif3 written by Greg Leon Mayeur and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with categories.