Relativistic Effects In The Spectra Of Atomic Systems
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Relativistic Effects In The Spectra Of Atomic Systems
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Author : Leontiĭ Nakhimovich Labzovskiĭ
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 1993
Relativistic Effects In The Spectra Of Atomic Systems written by Leontiĭ Nakhimovich Labzovskiĭ and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Atomic spectra categories.
Written by one of the field's leading researchers and his colleagues, this unique book presents an account of the relativistic theory of atomic spectra, based on the adiabatic S-matrix formalism of Gell-Mann and Low. Topics addressed are QED theory, applications of S-matrix QED calculations to energy levels, transition probabilities, parity non-conservation in spectra, influence of external fields on spectra and the overall theoretical background. Relativistic Effects in the Spectra of Atomic Systems will be an important book for theoreticians working in the area of many-electron systems and experimentalist working with optical properties of atoms and heavy ions, as well as being a valuable teaching text for graduate level students of these research methods.
Introduction To The Theory Of Atomic Spectra
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Author : I. I. Sobel'Man
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2016-04-20
Introduction To The Theory Of Atomic Spectra written by I. I. Sobel'Man and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-04-20 with Science categories.
Introduction to the Theory of Atomic Spectra is a systematic presentation of the theory of atomic spectra based on the modern system of the theory of angular momentum. Many questions which are of interest from the point of view of using spectroscopic methods for investigating various physical phenomena, including continuous spectrum radiation, excitation of atoms, and spectral line broadening, are discussed. This volume consists of 11 chapters organized into three sections. After a summary of elementary information on atomic spectra, including the hydrogen spectrum and the spectra of multi-electron atoms, the reader is methodically introduced to angular momentum, systematics of the levels of multi-electron atoms, and hyperfine structure of spectral lines. Relativistic corrections are also given consideration, with particular reference to the use of the Dirac equation to determine the stationary states of an electron in an arbitrary electromagnetic field. In addition, the book explores the Stark effect and the Zeeman effect, the interaction between atoms and an electromagnetic field, and broadening of spectral lines. The final chapter is devoted to the problem of atomic excitation by collisions. This book is intended for advanced-course university students, postgraduate students and scientists working on spectroscopy and spectral analysis, and also in the field of theoretical physics.
Relativistic Methods For Chemists
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Author : Maria Barysz
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2010-04-15
Relativistic Methods For Chemists written by Maria Barysz and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-04-15 with Science categories.
“Relativistic Methods for Chemists”, written by a highly qualified team of authors, is targeted at both experimentalists and theoreticians interested in the area of relativistic effects in atomic and molecular systems and processes and in their consequences for the interpretation of the heavy element’s chemistry. The theoretical part of the book focuses on the relativistic methods for molecular calculations discussing relativistic two-component theory, density functional theory, pseudopotentials and correlations. The experimentally oriented chapters describe the use of relativistic methods in different applications focusing on the design of new materials based on heavy element compounds, the role of the spin-orbit coupling in photochemistry and photobiology, and chirality and its relations to relativistic description of matter and radiation. This book is written at an intermediate level in order to appeal to a broader audience than just experts working in the field of relativistic theory.
Methods In Computational Chemistry
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Author : Stephen Wilson
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-11-11
Methods In Computational Chemistry written by Stephen Wilson and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-11 with Science categories.
Thisvolume isdevotedtomethodsfor thestudyoftheeffectsofrelativity on theelectronicstructure ofatomsand molecules. The accurate descrip tionofrelativisticeffectsinheavyatomshaslongbeenrecognizedasoneof the central problems ofatomic physics. Contemporary relativistic atomic structure calculations can be performed almost routinely. Recent years have seen agrowinginterestin thestudyoftheeffects ofrelativityon the structureofmolecules. Even for molecularsystemscontainingatoms from thesecondrowoftheperiodictable theenergyassociatedwith relativistic effects is often larger than that arising from electron correlation. For moleculescontainingheavieratoms relativistic effects become increasingly important, andforsystemscontainingveryheavyatomsrelativityisknown todominatemanychemicalproperties. In this volum, one of the pioneers of relativistic atomic structure calculations, Ian P. Grant, providesadetailedsurveyofthecomputational techniquesemployedincontemporarystudiesoftheeffectsofrelativityon atomicstructure. Thisisanareaofresearchinwhichcalculationscanoften lead to a particularly impressive degreeofagreement between theoryand experiment. Furthermore, theseatomicstudies haveprovided manyofthe foundations of a fully relativistic quantum chemistry. However, the spherical symmetry ofatoms allows significantsimplificationsto bemade in their quantum mechanical treatment, simplifications which are not possibleinstudiesofmolecules. Inparticular, as is wellknown from non relativistictheoriesofmolecularelectronicstructure, itisalmostobligatory to invoke the algebraic approximation in molecular work and use finite basis set expansions. The problem of describing relativistic effects in molecules is addressed in Chapter2 by Stephen Wilson. This chapter is devotedtoab initiorelativisticmolecularstructurecalculationsinwhichall electrons are explicitly considered. The problem of induding relativistic effects in molecular studies is also addressed in Chapters3 and 4. In Chapter 3, Odd Gropen describes the use of relativistic effective core ix x Preface potentials in calculations on molecular systems involving heavy atoms. This approach can lead to more tractable algorithms than the methods described in Chapter2 and thus significantly extends the range of applications. The use of semiempirical methods has yielded a wealth of informationabouttheinfluenceofrelativityonthechemistryoftheheavier elements. Thisimportantarea is reviewed inChapter4 by Pekka Pyykk6. Finally, inChapter5, Harry M."
The Atomic Nucleus As A Relativistic System
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Author : Lev N. Savushkin
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2004-01-20
The Atomic Nucleus As A Relativistic System written by Lev N. Savushkin and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-01-20 with Science categories.
Relativity plays an important role in atomic nuclei, and, since the early 1970s, there has been increasing interest in, and literature on, the nucleus as a relativistic system. In fact, the relativistic treatment provides a powerful method to describe nuclear structure and reactions. It is thus an ideal time to collect and review the important landmarks in this book. Directed to advanced students and researchers, it explains both the underlying relativistic theory and compares predictions with actual experiments.
Screening And Relativistic Effects On Beta Spectra
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Author : Conrad L. Longmire
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1949
Screening And Relativistic Effects On Beta Spectra written by Conrad L. Longmire and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1949 with Beta rays categories.
In interpreting data on beta ray spectra, apparent deviations from the Fermi allowed form may be caused by neglect of the effect of screening by atomic electrons and by use of the nonrelativistic approximation to the Coulomb factor. The effect of the screening on the Coulomb factor h25 been calculated approximately for arbitrary Z, using a method based on the Thomas Fermi screened potential. The effect of screening is found to be an increase in the number of both positrons and electrons at low energies. Numerical results are given for S35, Cu64, and RaE. By use of a better approximation to the relativistic Coulomb correction factor, the error incurred by using the nonrelativistic form is estimated for various emitters. It is found that for sufficiently thin sources of Cu64 (for example) the neglect of the screening and relativistic effects contributes a considerable fraction of the apparent deviation from the Fermi theory.
Relativistic Effects In Heavy Element Chemistry And Physics
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Author : Bernd A. Hess
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2003-01-06
Relativistic Effects In Heavy Element Chemistry And Physics written by Bernd A. Hess and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-01-06 with Science categories.
Heavy atoms and their compounds are important in many areas of modern technology. Their versatility in the reactions they undergo is the reason that they can be found in most homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts. Their magnetism is the decisive property that qualifies them as materials for modern storage devices. The phenomena observed in compounds of heavy atoms such as phosphorescence, magnetism or the tendency for high valency in chemical reactions can to a large extent be traced back to relativistic effects in their electronic structure. Thus, in many respects relativistic effects dominate the physics and chemistry of heavy atoms and their compounds. Chemists are usually aware of these phenomena. However, the theory behind them is not part of the standard chemistry curriculum and thus not widely known among experimentalists. Whilst the relativistic quantum theory of electronic structure is well established in physics, applications of the theory to chemical systems and materials have been feasible only in the last decade and their practical applications in connection with chemical experiment is somewhat out of sight of modern theoretical physics. Relativistic Effects in Heavy Element Chemistry and Physics intends to bridge the gap between chemistry and physics on the one hand and theory and experiment on the other. Topics covered include: - A broad range from quantum electrodynamics to the phenomenology of the compounds of heavy and superheavy elements; - A state-of-the-art survey of the most important theoretical developments and applications in the field of relativistic effects in heavy-element chemistry and physics in the last decade; - Special emphasis on the work of researchers in Europe and Germany in the framework of research programmes of the European Science Foundation and the German Science Foundation.
The Theory Of Spectra And Atomic Constitution
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Author : Niels Bohr
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2011-06-16
The Theory Of Spectra And Atomic Constitution written by Niels Bohr and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-06-16 with Literary Collections categories.
Niels Bohr (1885-1962) was a Danish physicist who played a key role in the development of atomic theory and quantum mechanics, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1922. This 1924 second edition contains three essays dealing with the application of quantum theory to problems of atomic structure.
Quantum Physics Of Light And Matter
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Author : Luca Salasnich
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-05-13
Quantum Physics Of Light And Matter written by Luca Salasnich and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-05-13 with Science categories.
The book gives an introduction to the field quantization (second quantization) of light and matter with applications to atomic physics. The first chapter briefly reviews the origins of special relativity and quantum mechanics and the basic notions of quantum information theory and quantum statistical mechanics. The second chapter is devoted to the second quantization of the electromagnetic field, while the third chapter shows the consequences of the light field quantization in the description of electromagnetic transitions. In the fourth chapter it is analyzed the spin of the electron, and in particular its derivation from the Dirac equation, while the fifth chapter investigates the effects of external electric and magnetic fields on the atomic spectra (Stark and Zeeman effects). The sixth chapter describes the properties of systems composed by many interacting identical particles by introducing the Hartree-Fock variational method, the density functional theory and the Born-Oppenheimer approximation. Finally, in the seventh chapter it is explained the second quantization of the non-relativistic matter field, i.e. the Schrodinger field, which gives a powerful tool for the investigation of many-body problems and also atomic quantum optics. At the end of each chapter there are several solved problems which can help the students to put into practice the things they learned.
Theoretical Chemistry And Physics Of Heavy And Superheavy Elements
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Author : U. Kaldor
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-06-29
Theoretical Chemistry And Physics Of Heavy And Superheavy Elements written by U. Kaldor and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-29 with Science categories.
Quantum mechanics provides the fundamental theoretical apparatus for describing the structure and properties of atoms and molecules in terms of the behaviour of their fundamental components, electrons and nudeL For heavy atoms and molecules containing them, the electrons can move at speeds which represent a substantial fraction of the speed of light, and thus relativity must be taken into account. Relativistic quantum mechanics therefore provides the basic formalism for calculating the properties of heavy-atom systems. The purpose of this book is to provide a detailed description of the application of relativistic quantum mechanics to the many-body prob lem in the theoretical chemistry and physics of heavy and superheavy elements. Recent years have witnessed a continued and growing interest in relativistic quantum chemical methods and the associated computa tional algorithms which facilitate their application. This interest is fu elled by the need to develop robust, yet efficient theoretical approaches, together with efficient algorithms, which can be applied to atoms in the lower part of the Periodic Table and, more particularly, molecules and molecular entities containing such atoms. Such relativistic theories and computational algorithms are an essential ingredient for the description of heavy element chemistry, becoming even more important in the case of superheavy elements. They are destined to become an indispensable tool in the quantum chemist's armoury. Indeed, since relativity influences the structure of every atom in the Periodic Table, relativistic molecular structure methods may replace in many applications the non-relativistic techniques widely used in contemporary research.