Scientific Establishments And Hierarchies
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Scientific Establishments And Hierarchies
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Author : N. Elias
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Scientific Establishments And Hierarchies written by N. Elias and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with History categories.
In recent years sociologists of sciences have become more interested in scien tific elites, in the way they direct and control the development of sciences and, beyond that, in which the organization of research facilities and resources generally affects research strategies and goals. In this volume we focus on scientific establishments and hierarchies as a means of bringing aspects of these concerns together in their historical and comparative contexts. These terms draw attention to the fact that much scientific work has been pursued within a highly specific organizational setting, that of universities and aca demic research institutes. The effects of this organizational setting as well as its power relations, and its resources in relation to governmental and other non-scientific establishments in society at large, deserve closer attention. One significant aspect of scientific establishments and hierarchies and of the power relations impinging upon scientific research, is the fact that the bulk of leading scientists have the professional career, qualifications and status of a professor. As heads or senior members of departments, institutes and laboratories, professors form the ruling groups of scientific work. They are the main defenders of scientific - or departmental - autonomy, accept or resist innovations in their field, play a leading part in fighting scientific controversies or establishing consensus. Even where research units are not directly controlled by professors, authority structures usually remain strongly hierarchical. These hierarchies too deserve attention in any explora tion of the social characteristics of scientific knowledge and its production.
Hierarchy In Natural And Social Sciences
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Author : Denise Pumain
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2006-02-09
Hierarchy In Natural And Social Sciences written by Denise Pumain and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-02-09 with Business & Economics categories.
Hierarchy is a form of organisation of complex systems that rely on or produce a strong differentiation in capacity (power and size) between the parts of the system. It is frequently observed within the natural living world as well as in social institutions. According to the authors, hierarchy results from random processes, follows an intentional design, or is the result of the organisation which ensures an optimal circulation of energy for information. This book reviews ancient and modern representations and explanations of hierarchies, and compares their relevance in a variety of fields, such as language, societies, cities, and living species. It throws light on concepts and models such as scaling laws, fractals and self-organisation that are fundamental in the dynamics and morphology of complex systems. At a time when networks are celebrated for their efficiency, flexibility and better social acceptance, much can be learned about the persistent universality and adaptability of hierarchies, and from the analogies and differences between biological and social organisation and processes. This book addresses a wide audience of biologists and social scientists, as well as managers and executives in a variety of institutions.
Routledge Library Editions Artificial Intelligence
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Author : Various
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2021-06-23
Routledge Library Editions Artificial Intelligence written by Various and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-06-23 with Computers categories.
"Artificial Intelligence" (AI) a term coined in the 1950s actually dates back as far as 1943. Now very much in the public consciousness, AI research has fallen in and out of favour over the years. Routledge Library Editions: Artificial Intelligence (10 Volumes) brings together as one set, or individual volumes, a small interdisciplinary series of previously out-of-print titles, originally published between 1970 and 1994. Covering ground in computer science, literature, philosophy, psychology, psychotherapy and sociology, this set is a fascinating insight into the development of ideas surrounding AI.
China S Scientific Elite
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Author : Cong Cao
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2004-07-31
China S Scientific Elite written by Cong Cao and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-07-31 with History categories.
China's Scientific Elite is a study of those scientists holding China's highest academic honour - membership of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Having carried out extensive systematic data collection of CAS members Cao examines the social stratification system of the Chinese science community and the way in which politics and political interference has effected the stratification. The book then goes on to compare the Chinese system to the stratification of the US scientific elite. The conclusions are fascinating, not least because one national elite resides in a democratic liberal social system, and the other in an authoritarian social system.
Reflections On Process Sociology And Sport
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Author : Joseph Maguire
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2013-09-13
Reflections On Process Sociology And Sport written by Joseph Maguire and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-09-13 with Sports & Recreation categories.
The book focuses on the distinctive contribution that Joseph Maguire has made to process sociology and the study of sport. Maguire’s work over the past three decades highlights how process sociology has a unique perspective on the relationship between sport, culture and society, and to the body, globalisation and civilisational analysis. Reflecting on this body of work and the use of process sociology, Maguire captures the research dynamic of ‘walking the line' between involvement and detachment, theory and observation, and engagement and critique. The book is structured around four broad sections: Theory, Sport and Society; The Meaning of Sport, Body and Society; Case Studies in Sport and Process Sociology; Globalisation, Sport and Civilisational Analysis. Providing an introduction to, and key examples of, a process sociology approach to the study of sport, the body, civilising processes and globalisation, this book will appeal to undergraduates, postgraduates and researchers in sport studies / sports science degrees, sociology, cultural studies and to those studying migration, globalisation and cross cultural civilisation relations. This book was previously published as a Special Issue of Sport in Society.
Norbert Elias And The Sociology Of Education
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Author : Eric Lybeck
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Release Date : 2019-09-05
Norbert Elias And The Sociology Of Education written by Eric Lybeck and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-09-05 with Social Science categories.
This is the first book to apply the sociology of Norbert Elias to the field of sociology of education, offering fruitful lines of research developed from the application of Elias's theoretical framework. Beginning by introducing Elias' theory to those who are unfamiliar with it, Lybeck goes on to explore ways his work can be applied to areas of education research including widening participation, education and the state and the development of knowledge. Topics discussed in detail include: the relationship between social control and self-control; the difference between involvement and detachment in research; and the concept of game-models to explain unintended consequences in education policy. Lybeck also situates Elias's thought alongside other key thinkers including Bourdieu, Foucault and Abbott, whose theories have been widely applied in education research. An Eliasian or 'figurational' sociology of education points to more historical, processual and post-critical approaches to education studies. As the first book to open up Elias' work to researchers and students in education, a range of familiar topics including identity, decolonization and globalization can be seen in a new light.
Science And The Media
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Author : Massimiano Bucchi
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2012-10-12
Science And The Media written by Massimiano Bucchi and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-10-12 with Social Science categories.
In the days of global warming and BSE, science is increasingly a public issue. This book provides a theoretical framework which allows us to understand why and how scientists address the general public. The author develops the argument that turning to the public is not simply a response to inaccurate reporting by journalists or to public curiosity, nor a wish to gain recognition and additional funding. Rather, it is a tactic to which the scientific community are pushed by certain "internal" crisis situations. Bucchi examines three cases of scientists turning to the public: the cold fusion case, the COBE/Big Bang issue and Louis Pasteur's public demonstration of the anthrax vaccine, a historical case of "public science." Finally, Bucchi presents his unique model of communications between science and the public, carried out through the media. This is a thoughtful and wide-ranging treatment of complex contemporary issues, touching upon the history and sociology of science, communication and media studies. Bucchi's theories on scientific communication in the media are a valuable contribution to the current debate on this subject.
Science For Public Policy
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Author : H. Brooks
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2013-10-22
Science For Public Policy written by H. Brooks and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-22 with Political Science categories.
Since World War II, national and international policy makers have been confronted by a growing number of complex problems the resolution of which hangs, to a significant degree, on scientific knowledge or technical insights. This puts a premium on the quality and clarity of scientific/technical advice they receive. From their vantage points as scientists, policy makers or science advisors from both East and West, the authors of this book examine the issues involved in science for public policy and explore ways to improve the quality and timeliness of the scientific advice available to decision makers. Environmental problems provide much of the focus for the analysis.
Social Studies Of Science And Technology Looking Back Ahead
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Author : B. Joerges
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2003-09-30
Social Studies Of Science And Technology Looking Back Ahead written by B. Joerges and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-09-30 with Reference categories.
This volume brings together contributions that resemble spotlights thrown on the past twenty-five years of science and technology studies. It covers a broad range: history of science; science and politics; science and contemporary democracy; science and the public; science and the constitution; science and metaphors; and science and modernity and provides a critical overview of how the field of science and technology studies has emerged and developed.
Measurement And Statistics On Science And Technology
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Author : Benoit Godin
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2005
Measurement And Statistics On Science And Technology written by Benoit Godin and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Research categories.
This book provides an historical examination of official science and technology statistics and indicators in Western countries.
