Search For Higgs Boson Production In Association With Top Quarks And Decaying Into Bottom Quarks Using Deep Learning Techniques With The Cms Experiment
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Search For Tt H Production In The H Bb Decay Channel
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Author : Marcel Rieger
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-02-25
Search For Tt H Production In The H Bb Decay Channel written by Marcel Rieger and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-02-25 with Science categories.
In 1964, a mechanism explaining the origin of particle masses was proposed by Robert Brout, François Englert, and Peter W. Higgs. 48 years later, in 2012, the so-called Higgs boson was discovered in proton-proton collisions recorded by experiments at the LHC. Since then, its ability to interact with quarks remained experimentally unconfirmed. This book presents a search for Higgs bosons produced in association with top quarks tt̄H in data recorded with the CMS detector in 2016. It focuses on Higgs boson decays into bottom quarks H → bb̅ and top quark pair decays involving at least one lepton. In this analysis, a multiclass classification approach using deep learning techniques was applied for the first time. In light of the dominant background contribution from tt̄ production, the developed method proved to achieve superior sensitivity with respect to existing techniques. In combination with searches in different decay channels, the presented work contributed to the first observations of tt̄H production and H → bb̅ decays.
Beam Test Calorimeter Prototypes For The Cms Calorimeter Endcap Upgrade
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Author : Thorben Quast
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-01-24
Beam Test Calorimeter Prototypes For The Cms Calorimeter Endcap Upgrade written by Thorben Quast and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-01-24 with Science categories.
In order to cope with the increased radiation level and the challenging pile-up conditions at High Luminosity-LHC, the CMS collaboration will replace its current calorimeter endcaps with the High Granularity Calorimeter (HGCAL) in the mid 2020s. This dissertation addresses two important topics related to the preparation of the HGCAL upgrade: experimental validation of its silicon- based design and fast simulation of its data. Beam tests at the DESY (Hamburg) and the CERN SPS beam test facilities in 2018 have been the basis for the design validation. The associated experimental infrastructure, the algorithms deployed in the reconstruction of the recorded data, as well as the respective analyses are reported in this thesis: First, core components of the silicon-based prototype modules are characterised and it is demonstrated that the assembled modules are functional. In particular, their efficiency to detect minimum ionising particles (MIPs) traversing the silicon sensors is found to be more than 98% for most of the modules. No indication of charge sharing between the silicon pads is observed. Subsequently, the energy response is calibrated in situ using the beam test data. Equalisation of the different responses among the readout channels is achieved with MIPs hereby deploying the HGCAL prototype as a MIP-tracking device. The relative variation of the inferred calibration constants amounts to 3% for channels on the same readout chip. The calibration of the time-of-arrival information is performed with an external time reference detector. With it, timing resolutions of single cells including the full prototype readout chain around 60ps in the asymptotic high energy limit are obtained. The calorimetric performance of the HGCAL prototype is validated with particle showers induced by incident positrons and charged pions. For electromagnetic showers, the constant term in the relative energy resolution is measured to be (0.52± 0.08) %, whereas the stochastic term amounts to (22.2 ± 0.3)% √GeV. This result is in good agreement with the calorimeter simulation with GEANT4. The prototype’s positioning resolution of the shower axis, after subtracting the contribution from the delay wire chambers in the beam line used as reference, is found to be below 0.4 mm at 300 GeV. At the same energy, the angular resolution in the reconstruction of the electromagnetic shower axis in this prototype is measured to be less than 5mrad. The analysis of the hadronic showers in this thesis makes use state-of-the- art machine-learning methods that exploit the calorimeter’s granularity. It is indicated that the energy resolution may be improved using software compensation and also that the separation of electromagnetic and charged pion-induced showers in the calorimeter may benefit from such methods. The measurements of the hadronic showers are adequately reproduced by GEANT4 simulation. Altogether, the obtained results from the analysis of the beam test data in this thesis are in agreement with the full functionality of the silicon-based HGCAL design. The final part of this thesis provides a proof of principle that generative modelling based on deep neural networks in conjunction with the Wasserstein distance is a suitable approach for the fast simulation of HGCAL data: Instead of sequential simulation, a deep neural network-based generative model generates all calorimeter energy depositions simultaneously. This genera t or network is optimised throu gh an adversarial training process using a critic network guided by the Wasserstein distance. The developed framework in this thesis is applied to both GEANT4- simulated electromagnetic showers and to positron data from the beam tests. Ultimately, this fast simulation approach is up to four orders of magnitude faster than sequential simulation with GEANT4. It is able to produce realistic calorimeter energy depositions from electromagnetic showers, incorporating their fluctuations and correlations when converted into typical calorimeter observables.
Search For Higgs Boson Production In Association With Top Quarks And Decaying Into Bottom Quarks Using Deep Learning Techniques With The Cms Experiment
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Author : Marcel Rieger
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Search For Higgs Boson Production In Association With Top Quarks And Decaying Into Bottom Quarks Using Deep Learning Techniques With The Cms Experiment written by Marcel Rieger and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
Novel Ideas For Accelerators Particle Detection And Data Challenges At Future Colliders
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Author : Alessandro Tricoli
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2023-07-21
Novel Ideas For Accelerators Particle Detection And Data Challenges At Future Colliders written by Alessandro Tricoli and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-07-21 with Science categories.
Advances In Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning
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Author : Gaurav Raj
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2025-03-16
Advances In Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning written by Gaurav Raj and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-03-16 with Computers categories.
This book presents a collection of peer-reviewed articles from the International Conference on Advances and Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning—ICAAAIML 2023. The book covers research in the areas of artificial intelligence, machine learning, and deep learning applications in health care, agriculture, business, and security. This book contains research papers from academicians, researchers as well as students. There are also papers on core concepts of computer networks, intelligent system design and deployment, real-time systems, wireless sensor networks, sensors and sensor nodes, software engineering, and image processing. This book is a valuable resource for students, academics, and practitioners in the industry working on AI applications.
Charming Decays Of The Higgs Z And W Bosons
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Author : Spandan Mondal
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2025-06-13
Charming Decays Of The Higgs Z And W Bosons written by Spandan Mondal and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-06-13 with Science categories.
This book presents searches for the Higgs boson, Z boson, and W boson decaying into charm quark(s) performed with proton-proton collision data at √s = 13TeV collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC, CERN, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb−1 and recorded between 2016 and 2018. The searches are carried out using events in which the Higgs/Z/W boson is produced in association with a leptonically-decaying Z or W boson. This thesis also discusses a novel calibration algorithm for charm jet identification that enables maximal use of the available information related to charm jets. The new method is used to correct the entire distribution expected as output when jet flavour identification algorithms are applied to jets of different flavours. The calibrated results improve over traditional efficiency measurements and help enhance the sensitivities of the Higgs, Z, and W searches. This book primarily reports on the so-called resolved-jet topology of the Higgs/Z/W boson searches, where the boson candidates are reconstructed using two separate small-radius (AK4) jets. Upon statistically combining the results of the resolved-jet search with a complementary merged-jet approach, the observed (expected) upper limit on the Higgs decay to charm quarks corresponds to 14 (7.6) times the Standard Model expectation at the 95% CL which is the most stringent direct limit to date. A significance of 5.7σ (5.9σ) over the background-only prediction is observed (expected) in case of the search for charmed Z boson decays. Only the resolved-jet topology is used in the search for charmed W decays and the observed (expected) significance is 5.6σ (5.7σ) over the background-only prediction. These mark the first observations of charmed decays of the Z and W bosons at a hadron collider experiment.
Heavy Particles And Flavours Proceedings Of Lishep 2018
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Author : Alberto Santoro
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2019-07-30
Heavy Particles And Flavours Proceedings Of Lishep 2018 written by Alberto Santoro and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-07-30 with Science categories.
This book of proceedings is composed of articles based on the presentations at LISHEP 2018, centering on the main theme of the conference 'Heavy Particles and Flavours', with a focus on recent results and developments from the experiments at the Large Hadron Collider.
Artificial Intelligence For High Energy Physics
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Author : Paolo Calafiura
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2022-01-05
Artificial Intelligence For High Energy Physics written by Paolo Calafiura and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-01-05 with Science categories.
The Higgs boson discovery at the Large Hadron Collider in 2012 relied on boosted decision trees. Since then, high energy physics (HEP) has applied modern machine learning (ML) techniques to all stages of the data analysis pipeline, from raw data processing to statistical analysis. The unique requirements of HEP data analysis, the availability of high-quality simulators, the complexity of the data structures (which rarely are image-like), the control of uncertainties expected from scientific measurements, and the exabyte-scale datasets require the development of HEP-specific ML techniques. While these developments proceed at full speed along many paths, the nineteen reviews in this book offer a self-contained, pedagogical introduction to ML models' real-life applications in HEP, written by some of the foremost experts in their area.
Cern Courier
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Cern Courier written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with Nuclear energy categories.
Search For The Higgs Boson Produced In Association With Top Quarks With The Cms Detector At The Lhc
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Author : Cristina Martin Perez
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2023-02-10
Search For The Higgs Boson Produced In Association With Top Quarks With The Cms Detector At The Lhc written by Cristina Martin Perez and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-02-10 with Science categories.
In this work, the interaction between the Higgs boson and the top quark is studied with the proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV provided by the LHC at the CMS detector at CERN (Geneva). At the LHC, these particles are produced simultaneously via the associate production of the Higgs boson with one top quark (tH process) or two top quarks (ttH process). Compared to many other possible outcomes of the proton-proton interactions, these processes are very rare, as the top quark and the Higgs boson are the heaviest elementary particles known. Hence, identifying them constitutes a significant experimental challenge. A high particle selection efficiency in the CMS detector is therefore crucial. At the core of this selection stands the Level-1 (L1) trigger system, a system that filters collision events to retain only those with potential interest for physics analysis. The selection of hadronically decaying τ leptons, expected from the Higgs boson decays, is especially demanding due to the large background arising from the QCD interactions. The first part of this thesis presents the optimization of the L1 τ algorithm in Run 2 (2016-2018) and Run 3 (2022-2024) of the LHC. It includes the development of a novel trigger concept for the High-Luminosity LHC, foreseen to start in 2027 and to deliver 5 times the current instantaneous luminosity. To this end, sophisticated algorithms based on machine learning approaches are used, facilitated by the increasingly modern technology and powerful computation of the trigger system. The second part of the work presents the search of the tH and ttH processes with the subsequent decays of the Higgs boson to pairs of τ lepton, W bosons or Z bosons, making use of the data recorded during Run 2. The presence of multiple particles in the final state, along with the low cross section of the processes, makes the search an ideal use case for multivariant discriminants that enhance the selectivity of the signals and reject the overwhelming background contributions. The discriminants presented are built using state-of-the-art machine learning techniques, able to capture the correlations amongst the processes involved, as well as the so-called Matrix Element Method (MEM), which combines the theoretical description of the processes with the detector resolution effects. The level of sophistication of the methods used, along with the unprecedented amount of collision data analyzed, result in the most stringent measurements of the tH and ttH cross sections up to date.