Seismic Diffraction
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Seismic Diffraction
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Author : Tijmen Jan Moser
language : en
Publisher: SEG Books
Release Date : 2016-06-30
Seismic Diffraction written by Tijmen Jan Moser and has been published by SEG Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-06-30 with Science categories.
The use of diffraction imaging to complement the seismic reflection method is rapidly gaining momentum in the oil and gas industry. As the industry moves toward exploiting smaller and more complex conventional reservoirs and extensive new unconventional resource plays, the application of the seismic diffraction method to image sub-wavelength features such as small-scale faults, fractures and stratigraphic pinchouts is expected to increase dramatically over the next few years. “Seismic Diffraction” covers seismic diffraction theory, modeling, observation, and imaging. Papers and discussion include an overview of seismic diffractions, including classic papers which introduced the potential of diffraction phenomena in seismic processing; papers on the forward modeling of seismic diffractions, with an emphasis on the theoretical principles; papers which describe techniques for diffraction mathematical modeling as well as laboratory experiments for the physical modeling of diffractions; key papers dealing with the observation of seismic diffractions, in near-surface-, reservoir-, as well as crustal studies; and key papers on diffraction imaging.
Microearthquake Seismology And Seismotectonics Of South Asia
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Author : J.R. Kayal
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-08-22
Microearthquake Seismology And Seismotectonics Of South Asia written by J.R. Kayal and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-08-22 with Science categories.
Hardly a week passes without our learning of natural geologic disaster somewhere in the world, be it a volcanic eruption, landslide, or destructive earthquake. The prominent public notice given to such events is not only the result of better communications, but also results from the increased impact of these events on a growing human population. In recent years, the population has increased greatly in regions of active tectonics. Northern India and the surrounding areas are prime examples. The consequence is that people and their man-made structures are concentrated close to active faults and steep, landslide-prone terrains. In just the past several years, even moderate earthquakes with seismic magnitudes less than 6. 5 have killed as many as 20,000 people precisely because these earthquakes occurred directly beneath population centres in central India. The greater Himalayan region, including the Ganges Plain, is a prime example of the coexistence of a pronounced geological hazard with a growing human population. Due in part to the spectacular topography, the region has long attracted scientific investigations, and may be considered as the birthplace of modern studies of earthquake hazards. R. D. Oldham (1858-1936) of the Geological Survey of India played a prominent role in the development of modern studies of historical seismicity, active faulting and seismic wave analysis. Oldham published extensively on the earthquakes and the geology of India, including his report entitled “Catalogue of Indian earthquakes from the earliest time to the end of A. D. 1869” (Mem. Geol. Surv.
Identification Of Seismic Sources Earthquake Or Underground Explosion
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Author : Eystein S. Husebye
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Identification Of Seismic Sources Earthquake Or Underground Explosion written by Eystein S. Husebye and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
The subject of this NATO Advanced Study Institute was seismic monitoring under a nuclear test ban - an application of scienti fic knowledge and modern technology for a political purpose. The international political objective of a comprehensive nuclear test ban provided in turn the motivation for our technical and scientific discussions. In order to obtain a historical perspec tive on the progress of the work towards a comprehensive test-ban treaty (CTB), it is necessary to go back to 1958, when a confer ence of scientific experts in Geneva made the first steps toward an international seismic monitoring system. However, agreement on actual capabilities of a monitoring system for verifying compliance with such a treaty was not achieved, and thus the conference did not lead to immediate political results. After the Partial Test Ban Treaty of 1963, which banned nuclear explosions in the atmosphere, outer space and under the seas, renewed interest in the seismological verification of a CTB took place. A number of countries initiated large-scale research efforts toward detecting and identifying underground nuclear explosions, and it was in this context that the large aperture seismic arrays NORSAR and LASA were established. This type of development resulted in excellent seismic data in digital form and was thus of great irnprotance to the seismological com munity.
Classical And Modern Diffraction Theory
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Author : Kamill Klem-Musatov
language : en
Publisher: SEG Books
Release Date : 2016-06-30
Classical And Modern Diffraction Theory written by Kamill Klem-Musatov and has been published by SEG Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-06-30 with Science categories.
Providing geophysicists with an in-depth understanding of the theoretical and applied background for the seismic diffraction method, “Classical and Modern Diffraction Theory” covers the history and foundations of the classical theory and the key elements of the modern diffraction theory. Chapters include an overview and a historical review of classical theory, a summary of the experimental results illustrating this theory, and key principles of the modern theory of diffraction; the early cornerstones of classical diffraction theory, starting from its inception in the 17th century and an extensive introduction to reprinted works of Grimaldi, Huygens, and Young; details of the classical theory of diffractions as developed in the 19th century and reprinted works of Fresnel, Green, Helmholtz, Kirchhoff, and Rayleigh; and the cornerstones of the modern theory including Keller’s geometrical theory of diffraction, boundary-layer theory, and super-resolution. Appendices on the Cornu spiral and Babinet’s principle are also included.
Theory Of Seismic Diffractions
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Author : Kamill Davydovich Klem-Musatov
language : en
Publisher: SEG Books
Release Date : 1994
Theory Of Seismic Diffractions written by Kamill Davydovich Klem-Musatov and has been published by SEG Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with Science categories.
Presents a complete mathematical description of diffractions caused by seismic velocity discontinuities. Diffraction theory provides important physical insights into seismology and is a necessary part of describing the nature of a seismogram. The author describes elastic wave theory and relates it to the high-frequency approximations of ray theory.
Distributed Acoustic Sensing In Borehole Geophysics
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Author : Yingping Li
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2024-12-24
Distributed Acoustic Sensing In Borehole Geophysics written by Yingping Li and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-12-24 with Science categories.
Presents the latest advances in borehole distributed acoustic sensing and diverse applications for subsurface geophysics Borehole geophysics involves measuring, imaging, and monitoring subsurface structures and activities by putting instruments into wellbores. Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) technology is emerging as an effective and reliable tool in borehole geophysics because optic fiber cables deployed at depth can produce high-quality data and images, even in harsh high-temperature and high-pressure environments. Distributed Acoustic Sensing in Borehole Geophysics is a comprehensive handbook on cutting-edge advances in borehole DAS technologies and their practical applications across geophysics. Volume highlights include: Summary of evolution of DAS technologies and their primary applications New developments in borehole DAS instrumentation and modeling Examples of DAS data acquisition and processing in different contexts Variety of imaging methods and techniques for integration of images with other data Applications of borehole DAS systems, including monitoring earthquakes and hydraulic fracturing operations Case studies of borehole DAS projects at diverse sites around the world, ranging from glaciers to geothermal fields The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.
Velocities In Reflection Seismology
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Author : Jean-Pierre Cordier
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 1985-09-30
Velocities In Reflection Seismology written by Jean-Pierre Cordier and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1985-09-30 with Nature categories.
Although considera bIe efforts are now being made to find new sources of energy, alI the experts are agreed that hydrocarbons will have to provide the greater part of our energy needs for a generation ahead. Exploration for and production of hydrocarbons therefore pose a serious problem for our future, as much for the quantitative satisfaction of our requirements as for our search for self-sufficiency in energy. As a direct result of improvements in technology throughout the world, geophysics has progressively enlarged its field of influence in the realms of exploration and production. But amongst the various geophysical methods available, seismic reflection has gradually become accepted as the basic tool of the oiI prospector. Reflection seismology has reached and consolidated this position because it has shown itself to be capable of adapting to the increasing complexity of the requirements of exploration. Initially directed towards geometric mapping of the sub-surface, it became the means of detection of structural traps in geotectonically quiescent regions, and thereafter in increasingly complex surroundings. It has enabled us to clothe the structural framework with a lithology, initially approximate, but becoming more and more precise, assisting the explorer to locate stratigraphic traps. Further developments enable us under favourable circumstances to estimate the quality of the deposits and to detect the presence of fluids and of their interfaces; it then becomes an unrivalled tool for the producer, both in the development of deposits and in the application of enhanced recovery methods.
An Introduction To Seismology Earthquakes And Earth Structure
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Author : Seth Stein
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2009-04-01
An Introduction To Seismology Earthquakes And Earth Structure written by Seth Stein and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-04-01 with Science categories.
An Introduction to Seismology, Earthquakes and Earth Structures is an introduction to seismology and its role in the earth sciences, and is written for advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students. The fundamentals of seismic wave propagation are developed using a physical approach and then applied to show how refraction, reflection, and teleseismic techniques are used to study the structure and thus the composition and evolution of the earth. The book shows how seismic waves are used to study earthquakes and are integrated with other data to investigate the plate tectonic processes that cause earthquakes. Figures, examples, problems, and computer exercises teach students about seismology in a creative and intuitive manner. Necessary mathematical tools including vector and tensor analysis, matrix algebra, Fourier analysis, statistics of errors, signal processing, and data inversion are introduced with many relevant examples. The text also addresses the fundamentals of seismometry and applications of seismology to societal issues. Special attention is paid to help students visualize connections between different topics and view seismology as an integrated science. An Introduction to Seismology, Earthquakes, and Earth Structure gives an excellent overview for students of geophysics and tectonics, and provides a strong foundation for further studies in seismology. Multidisciplinary examples throughout the text - catering to students in varied disciplines (geology, mineralogy, petrology, physics, etc.). Most up to date book on the market - includes recent seismic events such as the 1999 Earthquakes in Turkey, Greece, and Taiwan). Chapter outlines - each chapter begins with an outline and a list of learning objectives to help students focus and study. Essential math review - an entire section reviews the essential math needed to understand seismology. This can be covered in class or left to students to review as needed. End of chapter problem sets - homework problems that cover the material presented in the chapter. Solutions to all odd numbered problem sets are listed in the back so that students can track their progress. Extensive References - classic references and more current references are listed at the end of each chapter. A set of instructor's resources containing downloadable versions of all the figures in the book, errata and answers to homework problems is available at: http://levee.wustl.edu/seismology/book/. Also available on this website are PowerPoint lecture slides corresponding to the first 5 chapters of the book.
Seismic Diffraction Imaging Methods And Applications
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Author : Luke Adam Decker
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Seismic Diffraction Imaging Methods And Applications written by Luke Adam Decker and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
Seismic waves can either be reflected or diffracted by subsurface objects depending on the object's geometry. Diffactions can be used to determine details about the small-scale features that generate them, such as karsts, voids, pinchouts, faults, fractures, and salt flanks. Diffraction imaging can have resolution below the typical seismic wavelength. Scattered waves are recorded as significantly lower-energy signal than reflected waves, requiring that diffractions be separated from reflections. I describe three methods of such separation: data-domain plane-wave destruction, Fresnel zone Elimination, and partial-image plane-wave destruction. Once separated, diffractions can be migrated to create a seismic diffraction image and used in velocity analysis. Common-reflection angle migrated diffractions appear flat in dip angle gathers when migrated with correct velocity. I illustrate how this property can be used to determine migration velocity through a process of oriented velocity continuation (OVC). In OVC framework diffraction data are decomposed by slope and migrated over a range of velocities. Velocities corresponding to the flattest slope gathers are picked using semblance as a measure of flatness. This provides an estimate of migration velocity. Stacking gathers corresponding to this chosen velocity generates a seismic diffraction image. Seismic diffraction images provide interpreters with information about small-scale geologic objects that may not be available in conventional images. Scattering features that are interesting for exploration, like voids, caves, fractures, and faults, cause diffractions and can be resolved with better focus in diffraction images than in conventional ones. This is particularly useful with geologically complex carbonate systems. Carbonates are strongly heterogeneous, making them difficult to image with conventional methods. Reservoir porosity is often contained within caves, or small vugs. These features are difficult to characterize with conventional methods because cave reflections have large geometric uncertainties in cave size and location. Velocity analysis of seismic reflection data in carbonates may not highlight vugular porosity particularity well. I illustrate how diffraction images provide improved characterization by highlighting the edges of caves, thus constraining cave geometry, and highlighting more heterogenous zones by measuring the amount of scattering those zones generate.
Advances In Geophysics
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2019-07-30
Advances In Geophysics written by and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-07-30 with Science categories.
Advances in Geophysics, Volume 60, the latest release in this highly-respected publication in the field of geophysics, contains new chapters on a variety of topics, including Marchenko imaging, Fiber-optic sensing and distributed acoustic sensing, Diffractions, and Time-lapse interferometry across scales. - Provides high-level reviews of the latest innovations in geophysics - Written by recognized experts in the field - Presents an essential publication for researchers in all fields of geophysics