Son Preference Fertility And Family Structure

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Son Preference Fertility And Family Structure

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Author : Annamaria Milazzo
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014

Son Preference Fertility And Family Structure written by Annamaria Milazzo and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.

Strong boy-bias and its consequences for young and unborn girls have been widely documented for Asia. This paper considers a country in Sub-Saharan Africa and finds that parental gender preferences do affect fertility behavior and shape traditional social institutions with negative effects on adult women's health and well-being. Using individual-level data for Nigeria, the paper shows that, compared to women with first-born sons, women with first-born daughters have (and desire) more children and are less likely to use contraceptives. Women with daughters among earlier-born children are also more likely to have shorter birth intervals, a behavior medically known to increase the risk of child and maternal mortality. Moreover, they are more likely to end up in a polygynous union, to be divorced, and to be head of the household. The preference for sons is also supported by child fostering patterns in which daughters are substitutes for foster girls, while the same does not hold for sons and foster boys. These results can partly explain excess female mortality among adult women in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Development Modernization And Son Preference In Fertility Decisions

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Author : Deon Filmer
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016

Development Modernization And Son Preference In Fertility Decisions written by Deon Filmer and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.

A family preference for sons over daughters may manifest itself in different ways, including higher mortality, worse health status, or lower educational attainment among girls. This study focuses on one measure of son preference in the developing world, namely the likelihood of continued childbearing given the gender composition of existing children in the family. The authors use an unusually large data set, covering 65 countries and approximately 5 million births. The analysis shows that son preference is apparent in many regions of the developing world and is particularly large in South Asia and in the Eastern Europe and Central Asia region. Modernization does not appear to reduce son preference. For example, in South Asia son preference is larger for women with more education and is increasing over time. The explanation for these patterns appears to be that latent son preference in childbearing is more likely to manifest itself when fertility levels are low. As a result of son preference, girls tend to grow up with significantly more siblings than boys do, which may have implications for their wellbeing if there are quantity-quality trade-offs that result in fewer material and emotional resources allocated to children in larger families.

The Role Of Son Preference In Influencing Family Size

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Author : Jaha Mulema
language : en
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
Release Date : 2012-03

The Role Of Son Preference In Influencing Family Size written by Jaha Mulema and has been published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-03 with Family size categories.

The world is experiencing demographic transition from higher level of fertility to lower level of fertility. However in Africa the pace of declining fertility is very low. This book analyse the low pace of declining fertility as the result of existence of son preference in Africa and Tanzania in particular. Parental preferences toward sons' influences the number of the children they could have, hence affecting the family size. This book use parity progression ratio to examine parents' behavior of continuing child bearing to search for a male offspring. Also, sex ratio at last birth was used to examine parental intention to stop childbearing after having at least one surviving son. The findings in this book show that parents' continue having children until they reached the desired number of sons. This book, therefore, provide an understanding of the relationship between son preference and family size. Furthermore, understanding of the relationship between son preference and family size are of great importance for the policy makers in order to deal adequately with the problems related to family size and population growth.

Study On The Relationship Between Fertility Behaviour And Size Structure And Functions Of The Family

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Author : Dilli Ram Dahal
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1984

Study On The Relationship Between Fertility Behaviour And Size Structure And Functions Of The Family written by Dilli Ram Dahal and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1984 with Demographic surveys categories.

Women S Status And Fertility In Developing Countries

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Author : Mead Cain
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1984

Women S Status And Fertility In Developing Countries written by Mead Cain and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1984 with Family size categories.

The relationship between women's status, which is defined in terms of the degree to which they are economically dependent on men, and fertility in developing countries is examined. The paper adopts a particular theoretical perspective regarding fertility determinants and explores the implications of women's status within that context. This perspectives gives special attention to the value of children as security assets in settings where public welfare assistance is minimal or non-existent and financial and insurance markets are poorly developed. In this context, women's economic status, and the institutional factors that create a degree of dependence, determine the relevance of sex of children in defining security goals. High dependence results is defining security goals in terms of surviving sons. Given similar security needs, and other things being equal, fertility will be considerably higher in settings where there is a strong preference for sons than in settings where son preference is weak. A cross-national empirical analysis is presented that supports this argument.

Son Preference And Family Building During Fertility Transition

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Author : Minja Kim Choe
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1995

Son Preference And Family Building During Fertility Transition written by Minja Kim Choe and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with Children categories.

Variation In Son Preference Effects On Fertility In Korea

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Author : Mee-Hae Park
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1986

Variation In Son Preference Effects On Fertility In Korea written by Mee-Hae Park and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1986 with categories.

Modeling Son Preference In Pakistan

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Author : Sadia Saeed
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012

Modeling Son Preference In Pakistan written by Sadia Saeed and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Gender identity categories.

Gender has become one of the most politicized issues in South Asian countries over the past 100 years. They were expected to cook for the family, clean the house, feed their children, look after all family members, and give birth to a male child. When a woman gave birth to a male child she was considered very respectable in the family. Son preference is one of the oldest issues in most societies, with males given preferential treatment over females. In spite of the rapid advancement in education and communication, the desire for a son continues to remain (NIPS, 1992). Sons are usually preferred as they are considered a symbol of prestige for their families. Sons, not daughters, carry the family name and keep the family intact. This is one reason women are pressured to continue to give birth until they deliver a boy. In Pakistan discrimination against the girl child is a function of cultural and economic factors. In a culture where son preference exists, scarcity of resources may heighten the discrimination against females. The objective of this study of son preference is to investigate the effects of social structural factors, such as type of place (Urban, Rural), family type (extended or non-extended), women education, agricultural and non agricultural households, inter-cousin marriages, sex composition of surviving children, husband's level of education, and age at marriage. Finally, I investigated the effect of changes in social structural factors on changes in son preference behavior in Pakistan. Data for this study are from Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS) 1990-1991 and 2006-2007. Both surveys cover the entire country and provide sufficient information about family structure, fertility trends, socio-economic background, literacy level and respondent's attitude toward son preference. The analysis was conducted by using secondary data. This study used the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS) conducted in 1991-1992 and 2006-2007 as a source of data. The PDHS collects a wide range of data about population and health issues and includes questions regarding gender preference for children in 1992. The PDHS 1990-1991 and 2006-2007 provides information about population characteristics such as (1) urban and rural background of the respondents, (2) educational level of husband and wife, (3) age difference between husband and wife at the time of marriage, (4) age of female at the time of marriage, (5) family size preference, (6) Agricultural and non agricultural background, and (7) type of family. The universe is four provinces of Pakistan. . For the 1991-1992 survey a total of 6,611 households were selected for the women's sample. The target was ever-married women, ages 15-49. Sample size of 10,023 respondents is married women, ages 15-49. Four provinces of Pakistan are included in the sample. The dependent variable in this study is son preference. In this study type of place, type of family, women educational level, age difference between husband and wife, agricultural and non agricultural households and inter-cousin marriages have been selected as the predictive variables while region, (Punjab, Sindh, NWF), sexcomposition of surviving children and husband education constitute the control variables. This research has found that son preference has increased in Pakistan during 1990 to 2007. Almost 10% increase in son preference can be seen in Pakistan between 1990 until 2007. In 1990-1991 son preference ratio was 38.3% and increased in 2006-2007 to 47.5%. The phi-coefficient measures the degree of association between dichotomous variables in the study. The phi-coefficient indicates that there is a significant compositional change in almost all the variables since 1991-2007, but the magnitude of that association is very weak. Decomposition of variables indicates that almost all changes with respect to son preference in the population are due to affect changes in variables rather than compositional changes during 1991-2007. Though there is an increase in son preference behavior in Pakistan in last 15 years, this increase is not uniform across all population sub-groups. The study found that among urban, educated and non-agricultural household women, the son -preference was significantly lower than the rest. But the magnitude of this change is very low and the proportion of that population is very small. That is the reason they have not had a larger impact in terms of reducing son preference. This study will help to improve gender discrimination in Pakistan. This research can also provide guidelines for economic policymakers to introduce such policies that create more earning opportunities for females, because it is observed that household wealth decreases son preference (Seker & Hatti, 2010). This research will provide guidance to social workers to start programs that create mass awareness among people with special emphasis on cultural misconceptions. This study also severs as road sign for further research in this area and can therefore be replicated.

Son Preference Anf Family Building During Fertility Transition

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Author : Minja Choe Kim
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1995

Son Preference Anf Family Building During Fertility Transition written by Minja Choe Kim and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with Children categories.

Culture Fertility And Son Preference

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Author : Jas Ellis
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009

Culture Fertility And Son Preference written by Jas Ellis and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with categories.