Stimulus Response Coupling In Smooth Muscle
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Stimulus Response Coupling In Smooth Muscle
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Author : Alec William Michael Simpson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1989
Stimulus Response Coupling In Smooth Muscle written by Alec William Michael Simpson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with Calcium categories.
Studies On Stimulus Response Coupling In Smooth Muscle
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Author : E. N. Chayen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1983
Studies On Stimulus Response Coupling In Smooth Muscle written by E. N. Chayen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1983 with categories.
Colonic Motility
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Author : Sushil K. Sarna
language : en
Publisher: Biota Publishing
Release Date : 2010-11-01
Colonic Motility written by Sushil K. Sarna and has been published by Biota Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-11-01 with Medical categories.
Three distinct types of contractions perform colonic motility functions. Rhythmic phasic contractions (RPCs) cause slow net distal propulsion with extensive mixing/turning over. Infrequently occurring giant migrating contractions (GMCs) produce mass movements. Tonic contractions aid RPCs in their motor function. The spatiotemporal patterns of these contractions differ markedly. The amplitude and distance of propagation of a GMC are several-fold larger than those of an RPC. The enteric neurons and smooth muscle cells are the core regulators of all three types of contractions. The regulation of contractions by these mechanisms is modifiable by extrinsic factors: CNS, autonomic neurons, hormones, inflammatory mediators, and stress mediators. Only the GMCs produce descending inhibition, which accommodates the large bolus being propelled without increasing muscle tone. The strong compression of the colon wall generates afferent signals that are below nociceptive threshold in healthy subjects. However, these signals become nociceptive; if the amplitudes of GMCs increase, afferent nerves become hypersensitive, or descending inhibition is impaired. The GMCs also provide the force for rapid propulsion of feces and descending inhibition to relax the internal anal sphincter during defecation. The dysregulation of GMCs is a major factor in colonic motility disorders: irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and diverticular disease (DD). Frequent mass movements by GMCs cause diarrhea in diarrhea predominant IBS, IBD, and DD, while a decrease in the frequency of GMCs causes constipation. The GMCs generate the afferent signals for intermittent short-lived episodes of abdominal cramping in these disorders. Epigenetic dysregulation due to adverse events in early life is one of the major factors in generating the symptoms of IBS in adulthood.
Mechanisms Of Vascular Disease
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Author : Robert Fitridge
language : en
Publisher: University of Adelaide Press
Release Date : 2011
Mechanisms Of Vascular Disease written by Robert Fitridge and has been published by University of Adelaide Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Medical categories.
New updated edition first published with Cambridge University Press. This new edition includes 29 chapters on topics as diverse as pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, vascular haemodynamics, haemostasis, thrombophilia and post-amputation pain syndromes.
Keynes Aidley S Nerve And Muscle
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Author : Christopher L.-H. Huang
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2020-11-19
Keynes Aidley S Nerve And Muscle written by Christopher L.-H. Huang and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-11-19 with Medical categories.
Editions previous to this one had R.D. Keynes and David J. Aidley as primary and secondary authors.
The Endothelium
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Author : Michel Félétou
language : en
Publisher: Morgan & Claypool Publishers
Release Date : 2011
The Endothelium written by Michel Félétou and has been published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Science categories.
The endothelium, a monolayer of endothelial cells, constitutes the inner cellular lining of the blood vessels (arteries, veins and capillaries) and the lymphatic system, and therefore is in direct contact with the blood/lymph and the circulating cells. The endothelium is a major player in the control of blood fluidity, platelet aggregation and vascular tone, a major actor in the regulation of immunology, inflammation and angiogenesis, and an important metabolizing and an endocrine organ. Endothelial cells controls vascular tone, and thereby blood flow, by synthesizing and releasing relaxing and contracting factors such as nitric oxide, metabolites of arachidonic acid via the cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases and cytochrome P450 pathways, various peptides (endothelin, urotensin, CNP, adrenomedullin, etc.), adenosine, purines, reactive oxygen species and so on. Additionally, endothelial ectoenzymes are required steps in the generation of vasoactive hormones such as angiotensin II. An endothelial dysfunction linked to an imbalance in the synthesis and/or the release of these various endothelial factors may explain the initiation of cardiovascular pathologies (from hypertension to atherosclerosis) or their development and perpetuation. Table of Contents: Introduction / Multiple Functions of the Endothelial Cells / Calcium Signaling in Vascular Cells and Cell-to-Cell Communications / Endothelium-Dependent Regulation of Vascular Tone / Conclusion / References
Fundamentals Of Anaesthesia
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Author : Colin Pinnock
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2002-12
Fundamentals Of Anaesthesia written by Colin Pinnock and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-12 with Medical categories.
The second edition of Fundamentals of Anaesthesia builds upon the success of the first edition, and encapsulates the modern practice of anaesthesia in a single volume. Written and edited by a team of expert contributors, it provides a comprehensive but easily readable account of all of the information required by the FRCA Primary examination candidate and has been expanded to include more detail on all topics and to include new topics now covered in the examination. As with the previous edition, presentation of information is clear and concise, with the use of lists, tables, summary boxes and line illustrations where necessary to highlight important information and aid the understanding of complex topics. Great care has been taken to ensure an unrivalled consistency of style and presentation throughout.
The Pharmacology Of Functional Biochemical And Recombinant Receptor Systems
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Author : T. Kenakin
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
The Pharmacology Of Functional Biochemical And Recombinant Receptor Systems written by T. Kenakin and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.
This, the 148th volume of the Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology series, focuses on the very core of pharmacology, namely receptor theory. It is fitting that the originator of receptor pharmacology, A. J. CLARK, authored the fourth volume of this series 63 years ago. In that volume CLARK further developed his version of receptor theory first described four years earlier in his classic book The Mode of Action of Drugs. An examination of the topics covered in volume 4 reveals a striking similarity to the topics covered in this present volume; pharmacologists today are still as interested in unlocking the secrets of dose-response relationships to reveal the biological and che mical basis of drug action as they were over half a century ago. Sections in that 1937 volume such as "Curves relating exposure to drugs with biological effects" and "Implications of monomolecular theory" show Clark's keen insight into the essential questions that required answers to move pharma cology forward. With the advent of molecular biological cloning of human receptors has come a transformation of receptor pharmacology. Thus the expression of human receptors into surrogate host cells helped unlock secrets of receptor mechanisms and stimulus-transduction pathways. To a large extent, this elim inates the leap of faith required to apply receptor activity of drugs tested on animal receptor systems to the human therapeutic arena. However, a new leap of faith concerning the veracity of the effects found in recombinant systems with respect to natural ones is now required.
The Cerebral Circulation
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Author : Marilyn J. Cipolla
language : en
Publisher: Biota Publishing
Release Date : 2016-07-28
The Cerebral Circulation written by Marilyn J. Cipolla and has been published by Biota Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-07-28 with Medical categories.
This e-book will review special features of the cerebral circulation and how they contribute to the physiology of the brain. It describes structural and functional properties of the cerebral circulation that are unique to the brain, an organ with high metabolic demands and the need for tight water and ion homeostasis. Autoregulation is pronounced in the brain, with myogenic, metabolic and neurogenic mechanisms contributing to maintain relatively constant blood flow during both increases and decreases in pressure. In addition, unlike peripheral organs where the majority of vascular resistance resides in small arteries and arterioles, large extracranial and intracranial arteries contribute significantly to vascular resistance in the brain. The prominent role of large arteries in cerebrovascular resistance helps maintain blood flow and protect downstream vessels during changes in perfusion pressure. The cerebral endothelium is also unique in that its barrier properties are in some way more like epithelium than endothelium in the periphery. The cerebral endothelium, known as the blood-brain barrier, has specialized tight junctions that do not allow ions to pass freely and has very low hydraulic conductivity and transcellular transport. This special configuration modifies Starling's forces in the brain microcirculation such that ions retained in the vascular lumen oppose water movement due to hydrostatic pressure. Tight water regulation is necessary in the brain because it has limited capacity for expansion within the skull. Increased intracranial pressure due to vasogenic edema can cause severe neurologic complications and death.
Inflammatory Cells And Mediators In Bronchial Asthma
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Author : Devendra K. Agrawal
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2020-10-28
Inflammatory Cells And Mediators In Bronchial Asthma written by Devendra K. Agrawal and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-10-28 with Medical categories.
Inflammatory Cells and Mediators in Bronchial Asthma provides reviews and summaries regarding state-of-the-art articles that examine the role of various inflammatory cells and their mediators in the pathogenesis of asthma. Topics include pharmacological and biochemical regulation of the airways; involvement of key inflammatory cells and the release and effect of their mediators in airway function; and the characteristics of receptors for leukotriene B4, C4, and D4, adenosine, platelet-activating factor, sensory and inflammatory peptides, and the effect of various anti-asthmatic drugs on airway inflammation. Physicians, allergists, immunologists, and pulmonary disease research scientists will find this book to be an invaluable reference resource.