Studying Simulations With Distributed Cognition
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Studying Simulations With Distributed Cognition
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Author : Jonas Rybing
language : en
Publisher: Linköping University Electronic Press
Release Date : 2018-03-20
Studying Simulations With Distributed Cognition written by Jonas Rybing and has been published by Linköping University Electronic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-03-20 with categories.
Simulations are frequently used techniques for training, performance assessment, and prediction of future outcomes. In this thesis, the term “human-centered simulation” is used to refer to any simulation in which humans and human cognition are integral to the simulation’s function and purpose (e.g., simulation-based training). A general problem for human-centered simulations is to capture the cognitive processes and activities of the target situation (i.e., the real world task) and recreate them accurately in the simulation. The prevalent view within the simulation research community is that cognition is internal, decontextualized computational processes of individuals. However, contemporary theories of cognition emphasize the importance of the external environment, use of tools, as well as social and cultural factors in cognitive practice. Consequently, there is a need for research on how such contemporary perspectives can be used to describe human-centered simulations, re-interpret theoretical constructs of such simulations, and direct how simulations should be modeled, designed, and evaluated. This thesis adopts distributed cognition as a framework for studying human-centered simulations. Training and assessment of emergency medical management in a Swedish context using the Emergo Train System (ETS) simulator was adopted as a case study. ETS simulations were studied and analyzed using the distributed cognition for teamwork (DiCoT) methodology with the goal of understanding, evaluating, and testing the validity of the ETS simulator. Moreover, to explore distributed cognition as a basis for simulator design, a digital re-design of ETS (DIGEMERGO) was developed based on the DiCoT analysis. The aim of the DIGEMERGO system was to retain core distributed cognitive features of ETS, to increase validity, outcome reliability, and to provide a digital platform for emergency medical studies. DIGEMERGO was evaluated in three separate studies; first, a usefulness, usability, and facevalidation study that involved subject-matter-experts; second, a comparative validation study using an expert-novice group comparison; and finally, a transfer of training study based on self-efficacy and management performance. Overall, the results showed that DIGEMERGO was perceived as a useful, immersive, and promising simulator – with mixed evidence for validity – that demonstrated increased general self-efficacy and management performance following simulation exercises. This thesis demonstrates that distributed cognition, using DiCoT, is a useful framework for understanding, designing and evaluating simulated environments. In addition, the thesis conceptualizes and re-interprets central constructs of human-centered simulation in terms of distributed cognition. In doing so, the thesis shows how distributed cognitive processes relate to validity, fidelity, functionality, and usefulness of human-centered simulations. This thesis thus provides a new understanding of human-centered simulations that is grounded in distributed cognition theory.
Foundations And Theoretical Perspectives Of Distributed Team Cognition
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Author : Michael McNeese
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2020-09-28
Foundations And Theoretical Perspectives Of Distributed Team Cognition written by Michael McNeese and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-09-28 with Computers categories.
The background and interwoven streams of team cognition and distributed cognition fermenting together has wielded new nuances of exploration, which continue to be relevant for a theoretical understanding of team phenomena. Foundations and Theoretical Perspectives of Distributed Teams Cognition looks at fundamentals, theoretical concepts, and how theory informs perspectives of thinking for distributed team cognition. The chapters yield a broad understanding of the nature of diverse thinking and insights into technologies, foundations, and theoretical perspectives of distributed team cognition. Features Generates historical patterns and significance that compose developmental trajectories Explains multiple perspectives that incorporate an interdisciplinary understanding that specifies diverse theories Identifies and develops particular challenges resident within team simulation studies and then illustrates research frameworks Highlights and reviews how team simulations are used to produce dynamic experimental results Investigates and studies research variables within distributed team cognition
Distributed Cognition In Learning And Behavioral Change Based On Human And Artificial Intelligence
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Author : Dietrich Albert
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2024-01-08
Distributed Cognition In Learning And Behavioral Change Based On Human And Artificial Intelligence written by Dietrich Albert and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-01-08 with Science categories.
Machine Learning Based Bug Handling In Large Scale Software Development
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Author : Leif Jonsson
language : en
Publisher: Linköping University Electronic Press
Release Date : 2018-05-17
Machine Learning Based Bug Handling In Large Scale Software Development written by Leif Jonsson and has been published by Linköping University Electronic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-05-17 with categories.
This thesis investigates the possibilities of automating parts of the bug handling process in large-scale software development organizations. The bug handling process is a large part of the mostly manual, and very costly, maintenance of software systems. Automating parts of this time consuming and very laborious process could save large amounts of time and effort wasted on dealing with bug reports. In this thesis we focus on two aspects of the bug handling process, bug assignment and fault localization. Bug assignment is the process of assigning a newly registered bug report to a design team or developer. Fault localization is the process of finding where in a software architecture the fault causing the bug report should be solved. The main reason these tasks are not automated is that they are considered hard to automate, requiring human expertise and creativity. This thesis examines the possi- bility of using machine learning techniques for automating at least parts of these processes. We call these automated techniques Automated Bug Assignment (ABA) and Automatic Fault Localization (AFL), respectively. We treat both of these problems as classification problems. In ABA, the classes are the design teams in the development organization. In AFL, the classes consist of the software components in the software architecture. We focus on a high level fault localization that it is suitable to integrate into the initial support flow of large software development organizations. The thesis consists of six papers that investigate different aspects of the AFL and ABA problems. The first two papers are empirical and exploratory in nature, examining the ABA problem using existing machine learning techniques but introducing ensembles into the ABA context. In the first paper we show that, like in many other contexts, ensembles such as the stacked generalizer (or stacking) improves classification accuracy compared to individual classifiers when evaluated using cross fold validation. The second paper thor- oughly explore many aspects such as training set size, age of bug reports and different types of evaluation of the ABA problem in the context of stacking. The second paper also expands upon the first paper in that the number of industry bug reports, roughly 50,000, from two large-scale industry software development contexts. It is still as far as we are aware, the largest study on real industry data on this topic to this date. The third and sixth papers, are theoretical, improving inference in a now classic machine learning tech- nique for topic modeling called Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA). We show that, unlike the currently dominating approximate approaches, we can do parallel inference in the LDA model with a mathematically correct algorithm, without sacrificing efficiency or speed. The approaches are evaluated on standard research datasets, measuring various aspects such as sampling efficiency and execution time. Paper four, also theoretical, then builds upon the LDA model and introduces a novel supervised Bayesian classification model that we call DOLDA. The DOLDA model deals with both textual content and, structured numeric, and nominal inputs in the same model. The approach is evaluated on a new data set extracted from IMDb which have the structure of containing both nominal and textual data. The model is evaluated using two approaches. First, by accuracy, using cross fold validation. Second, by comparing the simplicity of the final model with that of other approaches. In paper five we empirically study the performance, in terms of prediction accuracy, of the DOLDA model applied to the AFL problem. The DOLDA model was designed with the AFL problem in mind, since it has the exact structure of a mix of nominal and numeric inputs in combination with unstructured text. We show that our DOLDA model exhibits many nice properties, among others, interpretability, that the research community has iden- tified as missing in current models for AFL.
Empowering Digital Education With Chatgpt
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Author : Mohamed Lahby
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2024-11-12
Empowering Digital Education With Chatgpt written by Mohamed Lahby and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-11-12 with Computers categories.
Recently, there has been a significant increase in the development and interest in applying generative AI across various domains, including education. The emergence of large language models (LLMs), such as the ChatGPT tool, fueled by advancements in generative AI, is profoundly reshaping education. The use of the ChatGPT tool offers personalized support, improves accessibility, and introduces innovative methods for students and educators to engage with information and learning materials. Furthermore, ChatGPT facilitates a wide range of language learning services, including language instruction, speech recognition, pronunciation feedback, and immersive virtual simulations for hands-on learning experiences. This book explores the transformative potential of the ChatGPT tool within education, shedding light on the opportunities that arise through the integration of the ChatGPT tool into various aspects of the learning process. It serves as a platform for the community to share cutting-edge research ideas concerning the use of the ChatGPT tool in digital education. Readers will discover how the ChatGPT tool can enhance student engagement, foster personalized learning experiences, facilitate intelligent tutoring systems, support virtual classroom interactions, and revolutionize assessment and feedback mechanisms.
Applied Interdisciplinary Theory In Health Informatics
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Author : P. Scott
language : en
Publisher: IOS Press
Release Date : 2019-08-09
Applied Interdisciplinary Theory In Health Informatics written by P. Scott and has been published by IOS Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-08-09 with Medical categories.
The American Medical Informatics Association (AMIA) defines the term biomedical informatics (BMI) as: The interdisciplinary field that studies and pursues the effective uses of biomedical data, information, and knowledge for scientific inquiry, problem solving and decision making, motivated by efforts to improve human health. This book: Applied Interdisciplinary Theory in Health Informatics: A Knowledge Base for Practitioners, explores the theories that have been applied in health informatics and the differences they have made. The editors, all proponents of evidence-based health informatics, came together within the European Federation of Medical Informatics (EFMI) Working Group on Health IT Evaluation and the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA) Working Group on Technology Assessment and Quality Development. The purpose of the book, which has a foreword by Charles Friedman, is to move forward the agenda of evidence-based health informatics by emphasizing theory-informed work aimed at enriching the understanding of this uniquely complex field. The book takes the AMIA definition as particularly helpful in its articulation of the three foundational domains of health informatics: health science, information science, and social science and their various overlaps, and this model has been used to structure the content of the book around the major subject areas. The book discusses some of the most important and commonly used theories relevant to health informatics, and constitutes a first iteration of a consolidated knowledge base that will advance the science of the field.
Empirical Studies In Machine Psychology
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Author : Robert Johansson
language : en
Publisher: Linköping University Electronic Press
Release Date : 2024-10-09
Empirical Studies In Machine Psychology written by Robert Johansson and has been published by Linköping University Electronic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-10-09 with categories.
This thesis presents Machine Psychology as an interdisciplinary paradigm that integrates learning psychology principles with an adaptive computer system for the development of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI). By synthesizing behavioral psychology with a formal intelligence model, the Non-Axiomatic Reasoning System (NARS), this work explores the potential of operant conditioning paradigms to advance AGI research. The thesis begins by introducing the conceptual foundations of Machine Psychology, detailing its alignment with the theoretical constructs of learning psychology and the formalism of NARS. It then progresses through a series of empirical studies designed to systematically investigate the emergence of increasingly complex cognitive behaviors as NARS interacts with its environment. Initially, operant conditioning is established as a foundational principle for developing adaptive behavior with NARS. Subsequent chapters explore increasingly sophisticated cognitive capabilities, all studied with NARS using experimental paradigms from operant learning psychology: Generalized identity matching, Functional equivalence, and Arbitrarily Applicable Relational Responding. Throughout this research, Machine Psychology is demonstrated to be a promising framework for guiding AGI research, allowing both the manipulation of environmental contingencies and the system’s intrinsic logical processes. The thesis contributes to AGI research by showing how using operant psychological paradigms with NARS can enable cognitive abilities similar to human cognition. These findings set the stage for AGI systems that learn and adapt more like humans, potentially advancing the creation of more general and flexible AI. Denna avhandling introducerar Maskinpsykologi som ett tvärvetenskapligt område där principer från inlärningspsykologi integreras med ett adaptivt datorsystem. Genom att kombinera forskning från beteendepsykologi med en formell modell för intelligens (Non-Axiomatic Reasoning System; NARS), undersöker avhandlingen hur operant betingning kan användas för att driva utvecklingen av Artificiell General Intelligens (AGI) framåt. Avhandlingen börjar med att förklara grunderna i Maskinpsykologi och hur dessa relaterar till både inlärningspsykologi och NARS. Därefter presenteras en serie experiment som systematiskt undersöker hur allt mer komplexa kognitiva beteenden kan uppstå när NARS interagerar med sin omgivning. Till att börja med etableras operant betingning som en central metod för att utveckla adaptiva beteenden med NARS. I de följande kapitlen utforskas hur NARS, genom experiment inspirerade av operant inlärningspsykologi, kan utveckla mer avancerade kognitiva förmågor som till exempel generaliserad identitetsmatchning, funktionell ekvivalens och så kallade arbiträrt applicerbara relationsresponser. Denna forskning visar att Maskinpsykologi är ett lovande verktyg för att vägleda AGI-forskning, eftersom det möjliggör att både påverka omgivningsfaktorer och styra systemets interna logiska processer. Avhandlingen bidrar till AGI-forskning genom att visa hur operanta psykologiska metoder, tillämpade på NARS, kan möjliggöra kognitiva förmågor som liknar mänskligt tänkande. Dessa insikter öppnar nya möjligheter för att utveckla AI-system som kan lära sig och anpassa sig på ett mer mänskligt sätt, vilket kan leda till skapandet av mer generell och flexibel AI.
Simulator Based Human Factors Studies Across 25 Years
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Author : Ann Britt Skjerve
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2010-12-07
Simulator Based Human Factors Studies Across 25 Years written by Ann Britt Skjerve and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-12-07 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The Halden Man-Machine Laboratory (HAMMLAB) has been at the heart of human factors research at the OECD Halden Reactor Project (HRP). The HRP is sponsored by a group of national organizations, representing nuclear power plant regulators, utilities, and research institutions. The HRP is hosted by the Institute for Energy Technology (IFE) in Halden, Norway. HAMMLAB comprises three full-scale nuclear power plant control room research simulators. The simulator studies performed in HAMMLAB have traditionally been experimental in nature. In a simulator it is possible to study events as they unfold in real time, in a highly realistic operational environment under partially controlled conditions. This means that a wide range of human factors issues, which would be impossible or highly impracticable to study in real-life settings, can thus be addressed in HAMMLAB. Simulator-based Human Factors Studies Across 25 Years celebrates the twenty-fifth anniversary of HAMMLAB by reviewing the human factors studies performed in HAMMLAB across this time-span. A range of human factors issues have been addressed, including: • human-system interfaces; • alarm systems; • computerized procedures; • human-automation interaction; • staffing, teamwork and human reliability. The aim of HAMMLAB studies has always been the same: to generate knowledge for solving current and future challenges in nuclear power plant operation to contribute to safety. The outcomes of HAMMLAB studies have been used to support design and assessment of nuclear power plant control rooms.
Integrating Simulation Tools Into Entrepreneurship Education
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Author : Masouras, Andreas N.
language : en
Publisher: IGI Global
Release Date : 2025-04-08
Integrating Simulation Tools Into Entrepreneurship Education written by Masouras, Andreas N. and has been published by IGI Global this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-04-08 with Computers categories.
The integration of simulation tools into entrepreneurship education transforms how entrepreneurs learn, experiment, and develop critical business skills. These digital and virtual tools offer students immersive, hands-on experiences that replicate real-world challenges, enabling them to test business ideas, make decisions, and navigate complex market dynamics in a risk-free environment. As entrepreneurship education continues to evolve, the adoption of simulation tools plays a key role in preparing students to succeed in the increasingly fast-paced, uncertain, and competitive business landscape. Further exploration of successful implementations highlights the potential of these technologies to shape the next generation of entrepreneurs. Integrating Simulation Tools Into Entrepreneurship Education explores the integration of simulation technologies and methodologies in entrepreneurship education. It examines the theoretical underpinnings, practical applications, benefits, challenges, and future directions of using simulations to teach entrepreneurship. This book covers topics such as digital technology, gamification, and online learning, and is a useful resource for educators, academicians, business owners, entrepreneurs, and researchers.
Clinical Simulation
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Author : Gilles Chiniara
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2019-08-21
Clinical Simulation written by Gilles Chiniara and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-08-21 with Science categories.
Clinical Simulation: Education, Operations and Engineering, Second Edition, offers readers a restructured, comprehensive and updated approach to learn about simulation practices and techniques in a clinical setting. Featuring new and revised chapters from the industry's top researchers and educators, this release gives readers the most updated data through modern pedagogy. This new edition has been restructured to highlight five major components of simulation education, including simulation scenarios as tools, student learning, faculty teaching, necessary subject matter, and the learning environment. With clear and efficient organization throughout the book, users will find this to be an ideal text for students and professionals alike. - Edited by a leading educator, consultant and practitioner in the clinical simulation field - Redesigned structure emphasizes the five components of simulation pedagogy - Contains over 30 new chapters that feature the most up-to-date industry information and practices