Systemic Regulation Of Organ Homeostasis And Implications Of Hormones And Immunity
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Systemic Regulation Of Organ Homeostasis And Implications Of Hormones And Immunity
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Author : Premendu Prakash Mathur
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2021-10-29
Systemic Regulation Of Organ Homeostasis And Implications Of Hormones And Immunity written by Premendu Prakash Mathur and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-10-29 with Science categories.
Systemic Regulation Of Organ Homeostasis And Implications Of Hormones And Immunity Volume Ii
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Author : Vijaya Kumar Pidugu
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2023-07-20
Systemic Regulation Of Organ Homeostasis And Implications Of Hormones And Immunity Volume Ii written by Vijaya Kumar Pidugu and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-07-20 with Medical categories.
Sensing The Environment Regulation Of Local And Global Homeostasis By The Skin S Neuroendocrine System
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Author : Andrzej T. Slominski
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-06-02
Sensing The Environment Regulation Of Local And Global Homeostasis By The Skin S Neuroendocrine System written by Andrzej T. Slominski and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-06-02 with Medical categories.
The skin, the body’s largest organ, is strategically located at the interface with the external environment where it detects, integrates and responds to a diverse range of stressors, including solar radiation. It has already been established that the skin is an important peripheral neuroendocrine-immune organ that is closely networked with central regulatory systems. These capabilities contribute to the maintenance of peripheral homeostasis. Specifically, epidermal and dermal cells produce and respond to classical stress neurotransmitters, neuropeptides and hormones, production which is stimulated by ultraviolet radiation (UVR), biological factors (infectious and non-infectious) and other physical and chemical agents. Examples of local biologically active products are cytokines, biogenic amines (catecholamines, histamine, serotonin and N-acetyl-serotonin), melatonin, acetylocholine, neuropeptides including pituitary (proopiomelanocortin-derived ACTH, b-endorphin or MSH peptides, thyroid stimulating hormone) and hypothalamic (corticotropin-releasing factor and related urocortins, thyroid-releasing hormone) hormones, as well as enkephalins and dynorphins, thyroid hormones, steroids (glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, sex hormones, 7-δ steroids), secosteroids, opioids and endocannabinoids. The production of these molecules is hierarchical, organized along the algorithms of classical neuroendocrine axes such as the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis (HPA), hypothalamic-thyroid axis (HPT), serotoninergic, melatoninergic, catecholaminergic, cholinergic, steroid/secosteroidogenic, opioid and endocannabinoid systems. Disruptions of these axes or of communication between them may lead to skin and/or systemic diseases. These local neuroendocrine networks also serve to limit the effect of noxious environmental agents to preserve local and consequently global homeostasis. Moreover, the skin-derived factors/systems can also activate cutaneous nerve endings to alert the brain to changes in the epidermal or dermal environments, or alternatively to activate other coordinating centers by direct (spinal cord) neurotransmission without brain involvement. Furthermore, rapid and reciprocal communications between epidermal and dermal and adnexal compartments are also mediated by neurotransmission including antidromic modes of conduction. Lastly, skin cells and the skin as an organ coordinate and/or regulate not only peripheral but also global homeostasis.
The Physiological Regulation Of Energy Metabolism In Insects
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Author : Bin Tang
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2021-06-23
The Physiological Regulation Of Energy Metabolism In Insects written by Bin Tang and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-06-23 with Science categories.
Fundamentals Of Anaesthesia
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Author : Ted Lin
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2016-12
Fundamentals Of Anaesthesia written by Ted Lin and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-12 with Medical categories.
The gold standard text for candidates preparing for the Primary FRCA, written by experts with extensive FRCA examination experience.
Neuro Immune Interactions In Inflammation And Autoimmunity
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Author : Valentin A. Pavlov
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2018-07-24
Neuro Immune Interactions In Inflammation And Autoimmunity written by Valentin A. Pavlov and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-07-24 with categories.
The nervous system plays an important role in the regulation of immunity and inflammation. On the other hand unbalanced immune responses in inflammatory and autoimmune conditions may have a deleterious impact on neuronal integrity and brain function. Recent studies have characterized neural pathways communicating peripheral inflammatory signals to the CNS, and brain- and spinal cord-derived circuitries controlling various innate and adaptive immune responses and inflammation. A prototypical neural reflex circuit that regulates immunity and inflammation is the vagus nerve-based “inflammatory reflex”. Ongoing research has revealed cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these neural circuits and indicated new therapeutic approaches in inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Pharmacological and bioelectronic modulation of neural circuitry has been successfully explored in preclinical settings of sepsis, arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, obesity-driven disorders, diabetes and other diseases. These studies paved the way to successful clinical trials with bioelectronic neuronal modulation in rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. Dysregulated release of cytokines and other inflammatory molecules may have a severe impact on brain function. Brain inflammation (neuroinflammation), imbalances in brain neuronal integrity and neurotransmitter systems, and cognitive impairment are characteristic features of post-operative conditions, sepsis, liver diseases, diabetes and other disorders characterized by immune and metabolic dysregulation. Derangements in cytokine release also play a pivotal role in depression. Characteristic brain reactive antibodies in autoimmune conditions, including systemic lupus erythematosus and neuromyelitis optica, significantly contribute to brain pathology and cognitive impairment. These studies, and the simultaneous characterization of neuro-protective cytokines, identified new therapeutic approaches for treating neurological complications in inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. This Frontiers Research Topic is a forum for publishing research findings and methodological and conceptual advances at the intersection of immunology and neuroscience. We hope that presenting new insight into bi-directional neuro-immune communication in inflammation and autoimmunity will foster further collaborations and facilitate the development of new efficient therapeutic strategies.
Novel Aspects Of Neurotransmitters
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Author : Zhi-Gang Zhang
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2022-01-10
Novel Aspects Of Neurotransmitters written by Zhi-Gang Zhang and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-01-10 with Science categories.
Fundamentals Of Anaesthesia
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Author : Colin Pinnock
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2002-01-12
Fundamentals Of Anaesthesia written by Colin Pinnock and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-01-12 with Medical categories.
Provides a comprehensive but easily readable account of all of the information required by the FRCA Primary examination candidate.
Inflammation 4 Volume Set
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Author : Jean-Marc Cavaillon
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2018-02-20
Inflammation 4 Volume Set written by Jean-Marc Cavaillon and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-02-20 with Medical categories.
Dieses Fachbuch erläutert die molekularen Grundlagen von Entzündungen, spannt den Bogen zu Infektionskrankheiten und den Zusammenhang zwischen Entzündungen und chronischen Erkrankungen, behandelt abschließend den Heilungsprozess und zeigt Therapiemöglichkeiten.
Regulation Of Tissue Oxygenation Second Edition
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Author : Roland N. Pittman
language : en
Publisher: Biota Publishing
Release Date : 2016-08-18
Regulation Of Tissue Oxygenation Second Edition written by Roland N. Pittman and has been published by Biota Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-08-18 with Medical categories.
This presentation describes various aspects of the regulation of tissue oxygenation, including the roles of the circulatory system, respiratory system, and blood, the carrier of oxygen within these components of the cardiorespiratory system. The respiratory system takes oxygen from the atmosphere and transports it by diffusion from the air in the alveoli to the blood flowing through the pulmonary capillaries. The cardiovascular system then moves the oxygenated blood from the heart to the microcirculation of the various organs by convection, where oxygen is released from hemoglobin in the red blood cells and moves to the parenchymal cells of each tissue by diffusion. Oxygen that has diffused into cells is then utilized in the mitochondria to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of all cells. The mitochondria are able to produce ATP until the oxygen tension or PO2 on the cell surface falls to a critical level of about 4–5 mm Hg. Thus, in order to meet the energetic needs of cells, it is important to maintain a continuous supply of oxygen to the mitochondria at or above the critical PO2 . In order to accomplish this desired outcome, the cardiorespiratory system, including the blood, must be capable of regulation to ensure survival of all tissues under a wide range of circumstances. The purpose of this presentation is to provide basic information about the operation and regulation of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, as well as the properties of the blood and parenchymal cells, so that a fundamental understanding of the regulation of tissue oxygenation is achieved.