T Cell Receptors

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Janeway S Immunobiology

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Author : Kenneth Murphy
language : en
Publisher: Garland Science
Release Date : 2010-06-22

Janeway S Immunobiology written by Kenneth Murphy and has been published by Garland Science this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-06-22 with Medical categories.

The Janeway's Immunobiology CD-ROM, Immunobiology Interactive, is included with each book, and can be purchased separately. It contains animations and videos with voiceover narration, as well as the figures from the text for presentation purposes.

The T Cell Receptors

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Author : Tak W. Mak
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06

The T Cell Receptors written by Tak W. Mak and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.

The importance of thymus-dependent cells, or T cells, in the generation of a successful immune response was first realized in the early sixties. In the follow ing two decades, a succession of elegant experiments established the antigen specificity of T cells and their ability to perform both as regulatory and effector cells. T cells were shown to be essential in most immune reactions, playing a crucial role in augmenting the activity of effector T and B cells against 'foreign' antigen, as well as in the suppression of effector activity against self antigens. The means by which T cells differentiate 'foreign' from 'self' antigens is based on their recognition of antigen almost exclusively in the context of self major histocompatibility complex products, unlike B cells, which recognize an tigen alone. It is this recognition, mediated by the T-cell receptor, that sets into motion the diverse cell-cell interactions, which control the differentiation and regulation of the immune response. Although its importance was well established, the molecular nature of the T-cell receptor remained elusive for two decades. Many hypotheses as to its structure and precise function were put forward, using immunoglobulin as a basis for conjecture, but "the Holy Grail of Immunology" remained ephemeral until three years ago. In the ensuing years, both immunologists and molecular biologists have contributed to an explosion of data unsurpassed by any previous period in the field.

The T Cell Receptor Factsbook

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Author : Marie-Paule Lefranc
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2001-07-13

The T Cell Receptor Factsbook written by Marie-Paule Lefranc and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-07-13 with Medical categories.

The T Cell Receptor FactsBook contains entries on all the 176 functional variable, diversity, joining, and constant regions of the human T cell receptor, including alpha, beta, gamma, and delta loci. Introductory chapters summarize information of T cell receptor chain synthesis, chromosomal location, and an overview of the human T cell receptor loci.

Antigen Specific T Cell Receptors And Factors

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1987

Antigen Specific T Cell Receptors And Factors written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1987 with Antigens categories.

Engineering Human Single Chain T Cell Receptors

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Author : David H. Aggen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011

Engineering Human Single Chain T Cell Receptors written by David H. Aggen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.

The alpha-beta T cell receptor (TCR) is responsible for mediating T cell recognition of self and non-self tissues, through recognition between a complex of a peptide and a product of the major histocompatibility complex (pepMHC) on target cells. In the immune response to cancerous tissue, the immune repertoire of T cells is often insufficient to target pepMHC complexes associated with cancer cells, as these tumor antigens have often induced tolerance or the tumor microenvironment promotes immunosuppression of T cells. To improve the response to tumors, gene therapy with tumor specific T cell receptors provides an attractive approach to effectively arm patient0́9s T cells for cancer cell destruction. An inherent difficulty, however, is generation of T cell receptors of sufficient affinity to redirect both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. This thesis describes the development of engineering strategies for human single-chain T cell receptor variable fragments (scTv), with the goal of understanding the properties that allow scTv to be expressed and deployed in a therapeutic mode. Stable scTv receptors can be used to generate high-affinity TCRs specific for disease-associated pepMHC complexes and produced in soluble expression systems for subsequent biochemical and biophysical characterization. This work also develops scTv and scFv (antibody variable fragments) as fusion proteins, collectively called chimeric antigen receptors, for cell mediated therapies to redirect T cells to specific antigens In chapter 2, two human Valpha2+ T cell receptors specific for human immunodeficiency virus and human T cell lymphotrophic virus derived pepMHC complexes were engineered for improved stability as scTv proteins, consisting of only the variable domains of the T cell receptor attached by a flexible linker. High-affinity, stabilized scTv proteins could be expressed as soluble proteins in E. coli and used for detection of low levels of HIV pepMHC antigens, suggesting that these receptors have potential diagnostic applications for the detection of HIV infected cells. Finally, the results suggest that other V1̐Ł2+ TCRs with different specificities can be engineered for enhanced affinity by yeast display. Chapter 3 describes the development of chimeric antigen receptors, that consist of scTv-fusion proteins, for T cell targeting of tumor antigens. scTv proteins engineered for improved stability by yeast display were fused to the intracellular signaling domains of CD28,CD3zeta, and LCK and introduced into murine T cells. The high affinity scTv, called m33, that is specific for the pepMHC SIY/Kb was used to redirect T cells with similar antigen sensitivity to the full-length m33 TCR. An inherent problem with full-length TCR gene therapy is the generation of receptors of unknown specificity through mispairing between introduced and endogenous TCR, leading to graft versus host disease or autoimmunity. I show that the scTv-fusions avoided mispairing with endogenous alpha-beta TCRs and allowed for endogenous TCR surface expression at high levels. A human HIV-specific scTv (chapter 2) was also expressed as a fusion to intracellular signaling domains and it also mediated antigen specific T cell activity. In chapter 4, the murine m33 scTv fusion was compared to an antibody derived chimeric antigen receptor called 237. The 237 antibody single-chain fragment variable (scFv) is specific for a tumor antigen resulting from a glycopeptide defect that is created by a mutant chaperone protein. Fusion of the 237 scFv to intracellular domains, as with the m33 scTv, mediated T cell activity against tumor cells that expressed the glycopeptide defect. Results with T cells transduced with chimeric antigen receptor in the absence or presence of coreceptor CD8, showed that CD8 could contribute to target cell recognition, presumably through its interactions with MHC molecules that are proximal to the antigen epitope. Chapter 5 describes the engineering of a murine T cell receptor, called 3D, for enhanced affinity to the model Wilm0́9s tumor antigen (WT-1/Db). Using a novel T cell display system, mutated TCR libraries were displayed on the surface of T cell hybridomas in the absence of the coreceptor CD8. Selection with fluorescently labeled dimers of WT-1/Db resulted in the isolation of two high affinity 3D TCR variants, one which mediated T cell activity in the absence of CD8. Analysis of the TCR residues used by human and murine TCRs specific for the identical WT-1 peptide suggested that there is homology between human and mouse TCR CDR3 sequences, indicating that these residues have strong selective pressures to bind to the identical peptide epitope. Thus, one may be able to engineer high-affinity TCRs in the human TCR based on knowledge from the mouse TCRs.

Investigating And Harnessing T Cell Functions With Engineered Immune Receptors And Their Ligands

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Author : Bruno Laugel
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2015-01-22

Investigating And Harnessing T Cell Functions With Engineered Immune Receptors And Their Ligands written by Bruno Laugel and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-01-22 with Immunologic diseases. Allergy categories.

T-cells are an essential component of the immune system that provide protection against pathogen infections and cancer and are involved in the aetiology of numerous autoimmune and autoinflammatory pathologies. Their importance in disease, the relative ease to isolate, expand and manipulate them ex vivo have put T-cells at the forefront of basic and translational research in immunology. Decades of study have shed some light on the unique way T-cells integrate extrinsic environmental cues influencing an activation program triggered by interactions between peptide-MHC complexes and the antigen-recognition machinery constituted of clonally distributed T-cell receptors and their co-receptor CD4 or CD8. The manipulation of these molecular determinants in cellular systems or as recombinant proteins has considerably enhanced our ability to understand antigen-specific T-cell activation, to monitor ongoing T-cell responses and to exploit T-cells for therapy. Even though these principles have given numerous insights in the biology of CD8+ T-cells that translate into promising therapeutic prospects, as illustrated by recent breakthroughs in cancer therapy, they have proven more challenging to apply to CD4+ T-cells. This Research Topic aims to provide a comprehensive view of the recent insights provided by the use of engineered antigen receptors and their ligands on T-cell activation and how they have been or could be harnessed to design efficient immunotherapies.

Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapies For Cancer E Book

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Author : Daniel W. Lee
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
Release Date : 2019-11-30

Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapies For Cancer E Book written by Daniel W. Lee and has been published by Elsevier Health Sciences this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-11-30 with Medical categories.

From patient referral to post-therapy management, Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-Cell Therapies for Cancer: A Practical Guide presents a comprehensive view of CAR modified T-cells in a concise and practical format. Providing authoritative guidance on the implementation and management of CAR T-cell therapy from Drs. Daniel W. Lee and Nirali N. Shah, this clinical resource keeps you up to date on the latest developments in this rapidly evolving area. Covers all clinical aspects, including patient referral, toxicities management, comorbidities, bridging therapy, post-CAR monitoring, and multidisciplinary approaches to supportive care. Includes key topics on associated toxicities such as predictive biomarkers, infections, and multidisciplinary approaches to supportive care. Presents current knowledge on FDA approved CAR T-cell products as well as developments on the horizon. Editors and authors represent leading investigators in academia and worldwide pioneers of CAR therapy.

Molecular Biology Of The Cell

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Author : Bruce Alberts
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002

Molecular Biology Of The Cell written by Bruce Alberts and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Cytology categories.

T Cell Receptors

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Author : John I. Bell
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1995

T Cell Receptors written by John I. Bell and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with Medical categories.

T cell receptor genes covers biochemical, functional and genetic aspects of this key family of immunological molecules. It should be essential reading for all those interested in the TCR and its function in health and disease. It deals with the TCR protein, its functional interactions with the signal transduction machinery of the T cell and with the structure and organization of the TCR genes. It is the only comprehensive volume on the TCR and is written by leaders in the field. Particularly useful is the tabulation and nomenclature of all the known TCR alpha and beta variable regions.

T Lymphocytes And Their Receptors In Immunologic Recognition

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Author : Boris Davydovich Brondz
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 1988

T Lymphocytes And Their Receptors In Immunologic Recognition written by Boris Davydovich Brondz and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988 with Medical categories.