The Benefits Of Expressive Writing On Overgeneral Memory And Depressive Symptoms
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The Benefits Of Expressive Writing On Overgeneral Memory And Depressive Symptoms
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Author : Kacey Little Maestas
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
The Benefits Of Expressive Writing On Overgeneral Memory And Depressive Symptoms written by Kacey Little Maestas and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with categories.
Two decades of research suggest that a non-specific style of autobiographical memory retrieval--known as overgeneral memory--may be a cognitive style that increases depression vulnerability. Recent theorizing and empirical evidence suggest the mechanisms underlying overgeneral memory include rumination and avoidance. This study provided a preliminary investigation of the effectiveness of an expressive writing intervention, which has been found to reduce rumination and avoidance, in reducing overgeneral memory, with the ultimate goal of preventing future depressive symptoms among non-depressed college students. Two hundred and seven non-depressed college students completed the expressive writing intervention, in addition to a one-month and six month follow-up assessment. Participants were randomized one of three writing conditions: traditional expressive writing, specific expressive writing, or control writing. Participants in the traditional and specific expressive writing conditions were instructed to write about their deepest thoughts and feelings about an emotional event; the specific expressive writing condition contained the additional instruction that participants describe the events in a vivid and detailed manner. Participants in the control condition were instructed to write about a neutral topic (i.e., time management). All groups wrote for 20 minutes on three consecutive days. Study results showed that compared to participants in the control writing condition, participants in the traditional and specific expressive writing conditions demonstrated significantly greater autobiographical memory specificity at the six-month follow-up, but not at the one-month follow-up. Furthermore, the observed increase in autobiographical memory specificity for the expressive writing conditions could not be attributed to change in depressive symptoms over the same time interval. Results revealed that the effect of the traditional expressive writing intervention on increased autobiographical memory specificity was partially mediated by a reduction in avoidance assessed at the one-month follow-up. The hypothesis that rumination would partially mediate the effect of the expressive writing intervention on increased autobiographical memory specificity was not supported. Despite preliminary evidence that an expressive writing intervention compared to a control wiring condition is effective in increasing autobiographical memory specificity over a six-month period for initially non-depressed college students, it remains to be seen if increased autobiographical memory specificity decreases vulnerability to future depressive symptoms.
The Benefits Of Mindfulness Enhanced Expressive Writing Among Depression Vulnerable Individuals
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Author : Emily Sylvain Baum
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
The Benefits Of Mindfulness Enhanced Expressive Writing Among Depression Vulnerable Individuals written by Emily Sylvain Baum and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
An impressive body of research indicates expressive writing (Pennebaker & Beall, 1986) produces physiological and psychological benefits. One study found that expressive writing decreases depressive symptoms among formerly depressed college students (Gortner, Rude, & Pennebaker, 2006). Gortner et al. (2006) argue that expressive writing may produce changes by reducing negative evaluations of emotional experiences and self-judgment, often associated with depression, through instructions encouraging participants to delve into their "deepest thoughts and feelings." In other words, the standard writing instructions appear to send an implicit message that individuals be accepting and non-judgmental towards emotions and cognitions. The mindfulness literature suggests that making this message explicit may improve the preventative power of expressive writing in depression-vulnerable populations (Baer, 2003; Kingston, Dooley, Bates, Lawlor, & Malone, 2007; Teasdale et al., 2000; Toneatto & Nguyen, 2007). Therefore, the specific goal of the present study was to examine the effects of a mindfulness-enhanced expressive writing intervention among depression-prone individuals. Depression-vulnerable participants (e.g., dysphoric or formerly depressed) were randomly assigned to one of three groups. Although writing instructions varied for each group, all participants wrote for 20 minutes across a three-day period. The mindfulness condition received writing instructions that encouraged participants to be non-judgmental, accepting, and self-compassionate as they wrote about distressing events. Participants in the traditional writing condition received standard writing instructions, which consisted of writing about their deepest thoughts and feelings related to an emotional incident. Finally, students in the control condition were instructed to write about what they did the previous day. Results showed marginally significant decreases in depressive symptoms among participants in the mindfulness group compared to the control condition. In addition, results indicated that low suppressive depression-vulnerable individuals in the mindfulness condition marginally improved their cognitive processing biases compared to their counterparts in the traditional and control groups. Results failed to support hypotheses that predicted improvements on self-compassion, rumination, and mindfulness skills. Further, self-compassion was not found to mediate the effects of treatment on depressive symptoms and rumination. Obviously more research needs to be conducted, however preliminary results suggest that brief mindfulness interventions may be beneficial for a depression-vulnerable population.
Expressive Writing And Its Benefits An Alternative To Psychotherapy
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Author : Gareth Chin
language : en
Publisher: Lulu.com
Release Date :
Expressive Writing And Its Benefits An Alternative To Psychotherapy written by Gareth Chin and has been published by Lulu.com this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
Relationships Between Expressive Writing About Traumatic Events And Reduction In Depressive Symptomatology
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Author : Yael Nitkin-Kaner
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Relationships Between Expressive Writing About Traumatic Events And Reduction In Depressive Symptomatology written by Yael Nitkin-Kaner and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.
The Oxford Handbook Of Stress And Mental Health
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Author : Kate L. Harkness
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 2020
The Oxford Handbook Of Stress And Mental Health written by Kate L. Harkness and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with Psychology categories.
This handbook is currently in development, with individual articles publishing online in advance of print publication. At this time, we cannot add information about unpublished articles in this handbook, however the table of contents will continue to grow as additional articles pass through the review process and are added to the site. Please note that the online publication date for this handbook is the date that the first article in the title was published online.
Cognitive Behavioural Processes Across Psychological Disorders
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Author : Allison G. Harvey
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 2004
Cognitive Behavioural Processes Across Psychological Disorders written by Allison G. Harvey and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Psychology categories.
Readership: Academics, clinical psychologists and psychiatrists, cognitive behavioural therapists, and undergraduate and postgraduate students in clinical psychology
Sex Differences In Depression
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Author : Susan Nolen-Hoeksema
language : en
Publisher: Stanford University Press
Release Date : 1990
Sex Differences In Depression written by Susan Nolen-Hoeksema and has been published by Stanford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Self-Help categories.
Women are twice as likely as men to experience protracted sadness, apathy, low self-esteem, and other symptoms of depression. How can we account for this sex difference? Several explanations have been proposed, some dating back many years. This book critically examines the evidence for each explanation in an attempt to discover what we do and do not know about sex differences in depression. It is a landmark review of the historical, theoretical and empirical approaches to sex differences in depression. Nolen-Hoeksema presents a fresh historical review, makes theoretical criticisms and offers clear and challenging avenues for future research and practical applications.
Assessment Of Depression
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Author : Norman Sartorius
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Assessment Of Depression written by Norman Sartorius and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.
Published on Behalf of the World Health Organization
Intelligent Virtual Agents
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Author : David Traum
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-10-18
Intelligent Virtual Agents written by David Traum and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-10-18 with Computers categories.
This book constitutes the proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents, IVA 2016, held in Los Angeles, CA, USA, in September 2016. The 12 full papers, 18 short papers, and 37 demo and poster papers accepted were carefully reviewed and selected from 81 submissions. IVA 2016 also includes three workshops: Workshop on Chatbots and Conversational Agents (WOCHAT), Can you feel me now? Creating Physiologically Aware Virtual Agents (PAVA), and Graphical and Robotic Embodied Agents for Therapeutic Systems, GREATS16. Intelligent Virtual Aspects (IVAs) are intelligent digital interactive characters that can communicate with humans and other agents using natural human modalities such as facial expressions, speech, gestures, and movement. They are capable of real-time perception, cognition, emotion and action that allow them to participate in dynamic social environments. Constructing and studying IVAs requires tools from a wide range of fields such as computer science, psychology, cognitive science, communication, linguistics, interactive media, human-computer interaction and artificial intelligence.
The Sage Encyclopedia Of Abnormal And Clinical Psychology
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Author : Amy Wenzel
language : en
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Release Date : 2017-03-16
The Sage Encyclopedia Of Abnormal And Clinical Psychology written by Amy Wenzel and has been published by SAGE Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-03-16 with Psychology categories.
Abnormal and clinical psychology courses are offered in psychology programs at universities worldwide, but the most recent major encyclopedia on the topic was published many years ago. Although general psychology handbooks and encyclopedias include essays on abnormal and clinical psychology, such works do not provide students with an accessible reference for understanding the full scope of the field. The SAGE Encyclopedia of Abnormal and Clinical Psychology, a 7-volume, A-Z work (print and electronic formats), will be such an authoritative work. Its more than 1,400 entries will provide information on fundamental approaches and theories, various mental health disorders, assessment tools and psychotherapeutic interventions, and the social, legal, and cultural frameworks that have contributed to debates in abnormal and clinical psychology. Key features include: 1,400 signed articles contained in 7 volumes and available in choice of print and/or electronic formats Although organized A-to-Z, front matter includes a Reader’s Guide grouping related entries thematically Back matter includes a Chronology, Resource Guide, Bibliography, and detailed Index Entries conclude with References/Further Readings and Cross-References to related entries The Index, Reader’s Guide themes, and Cross-References between and among entries all combine to provide robust search-and-browse features in the electronic version.