The Ca3 Region Of The Hippocampus How Is It What Is It For How Does It Do It
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Handbook Of In Vivo Neural Plasticity Techniques
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2018-09-01
Handbook Of In Vivo Neural Plasticity Techniques written by and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-09-01 with Medical categories.
Handbook of in Vivo Neural Plasticity Techniques, Volume 28: A Systems Neuroscience Approach to the Neural Basis of Memory and Cognition gives a comprehensive overview of the current methods and approaches that are used to study neural plasticity from a systems neuroscience perspective. In addition, the book offers in-depth methodological advice that provides the necessary foundation for researchers establishing methods and students who need to understand the theoretical and methodological bases of these approaches. This is the ideal resource for anyone new to the study of cognitive and behavioral neuroscience who seeks an introduction to state-of-the-art techniques. - Offers a comprehensive overview of state-of-the-art approaches to studying neuroplasticity in vivo - Combines discussions of theoretical underpinnings with the methodological and technical aspects necessary to guarantee success - Arranged in a uniform format that clearly and concisely lays out descriptions, methods and the pitfalls of various techniques
The Clinical Neurobiology Of The Hippocampus
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Author : Thorsten Bartsch
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2012-07-26
The Clinical Neurobiology Of The Hippocampus written by Thorsten Bartsch and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-07-26 with Medical categories.
The hippocampus is one of the most studied structures in the human brain and plays a pivotal role in human memory function. Its recognized function is reflected by the presence of an extensive body of neurophysiological, neuropsychological, anatomical and neurocomputational literature that presents basic mechanisms, theoretical models and psychological concepts. However, in the rapidly growing field of hippocampal research, the clinical aspects of diseases that affect the hippocampus are greatly under-represented in current literature, and clinical approaches and concepts are scattered throughout various clinical and basic scientific disciplines. The Clinical Neurobiology of the Hippocampus explores clinical approaches to the range of diseases that affect the hippocampus. It brings together and reviews the common methods, clinical findings, concepts, mechanisms and, where applicable, therapeutic strategies for these clinical approaches. The clinical spectrum of hippocampal dysfunction encompasses a wide range of neurological, behavioural and psychiatric symptoms and surpasses the ability to encode, store and retrieve information. The relevance of hippocampal involvement in clinical diseases goes beyond mere neuropsychological deficits and includes psychopathological states in various conditions, such as acute amnesic syndromes, Alzheimer's disease, temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), sleep, stroke medicine, limbic encephalitis, neurodevelopmental disorders, stress- and trauma-related disorders, depression, and schizophrenia. The first part of the book covers the basic and integrative features of the hippocampus, such as the anatomy and imaging of this structure, and the basic mechanisms of hippocampal function, including the principles of hippocampus-dependent memory processing in amnesia and sleep, the mechanisms of vulnerability and adult neurogenesis as well as the effects of stress. The second part covers the various clinical manifestations in which the hippocampus is involved and in which the preceding basic mechanisms are reflected. Bringing together a broad team of experts on the basic and clinical aspects of the hippocampus, the book provides an integrative view of the hippocampus. It is invaluable for neurologists, neuroscientists, and psychiatrists, and will stimulate interdisciplinary discussions in clinical neuroscience.
The Hippocampus
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Author : Philippe Taupin
language : en
Publisher: Nova Publishers
Release Date : 2007
The Hippocampus written by Philippe Taupin and has been published by Nova Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Medical categories.
The hippocampus , the Greek word for seahorse, is one of the most fascinating and intriguing regions of the mammalian brain. It is a bilateral incurved seahorse-shaped structure of the cerebral cortex. The hippocampus has a highly distinctive morphology. It is composed of two regions, the dentate gyrus (DG) and the Cornu Ammonis (CA). The nerve cells of the main layer of the DG and CA regions, the granule cells and pyramidal cells respectively, are organised in a tri-synaptic lamellaire circuit. The granule and pyramidal cells are glutamatergic excitatory. The granule cells elicit unique histological, biochemical, developmental, physio- and pathological features. The hippocampus is also an area of the brain that elicits a high degree of plasticity, like synaptic and phenotypic plasticity. It is also one of the few regions of the brain where neurogenesis, the generation of new nerve cells, occurs throughout adulthood. The hippocampus is involved in physio-and pathological processes, like learning and memory.
The Ca3 Region Of The Hippocampus How Is It What Is It For How Does It Do It
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Author : Enrico Cherubini
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2015-08-19
The Ca3 Region Of The Hippocampus How Is It What Is It For How Does It Do It written by Enrico Cherubini and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-08-19 with Hippocampus (Brain) categories.
The CA3 hippocampal region receives information from the entorhinal cortex either directly from the perforant path or indirectly from the dentate gyrus via the mossy fibers (MFs). According to their specific targets (principal/mossy cells or interneurons), MFs terminate with large boutons or small filopodial extensions, respectively. MF-CA3 synapses are characterized by a low probability of release and pronounced frequency-dependent facilitation. In addition MF terminals are endowed with mGluRs that regulate their own release. We will describe the intrinsic membrane properties of pyramidal cells, which can sometimes fire in bursts, together with the geometry of their dendritic arborization. The single layer of pyramidal cells is quite distinct from the six-layered neocortical arrangement. The resulting aligned dendrites provides the substrate for laminated excitatory inputs. They also underlie a precise, diversity of inhibitory control which we will also describe in detail. The CA3 region has an especially rich internal connectivity, with recurrent excitatory and inhibitory loops. In recent years both in vivo and in vitro studies have allowed to better understand functional properties of the CA3 auto-associative network and its role in information processing. This circuit is implicated in encoding spatial representations and episodic memories. It generates physiological population synchronies, including gamma, theta and sharp-waves that are presumed to associate firing in selected assemblies of cells in different behavioral conditions. The CA3 region is susceptible to neurodegeneration during aging and after stresses such as infection or injury. Loss of some CA3 neurones has striking effects on mossy fiber inputs and can facilitate the generation of pathologic synchrony within the CA3 micro-circuit. The aim of this special topic is to bring together experts on the cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating the wiring properties of the CA3 hippocampal microcircuit in both physiological and pathological conditions, synaptic plasticity, behavior and cognition.We will particularly emphasize the dual glutamatergic and GABAergic phenotype of MF-CA3 synapses at early developmental stages and the steps that regulate the integration of newly generated neurons into the adult dentate gyrus-CA3 circuit.
The Human Hippocampus
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Author : Mehmet Turgut
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2025-06-18
The Human Hippocampus written by Mehmet Turgut and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-06-18 with Medical categories.
Written and edited by leading international authorities in the field, this book provides an in-depth review of knowledge of human hippocampus, and role of the hippocampus in memory, cognition and learning. It includes informative chapters organized into two main groups: (1), fundamental information about the human hippocampus, including history, development, neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, neuropathology, structural and synaptic plasticity, volume, 3D visualition of the human hippocampus and etc.; and (2) role of the hippocampus in memory, cognition and learning, including role of the hippocampus in cognition, time and memory, learning and etc. There are some unique features about this book: cross-references within chapters to highlight connections between development, anatomy, physiology, pathology, and surgery, real-world examples to illustrate key points and practical applications, summaries of the latest research to keep readers informed of cutting-edge developments. Thus, this comprehensive reference book will be an ideal source for neuroscientists at all levels, from graduate students to researchers in specific disciplines studying this region including neurosurgeons, neurologists, neuroradiologists, neuroanatomists and psychiatrists who seek both basic and more advanced information regarding the human hippocampus.
Structure Function And Plasticity Of Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus Microcircuits
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Author : Peter Jonas
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2015-02-13
Structure Function And Plasticity Of Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus Microcircuits written by Peter Jonas and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-02-13 with Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry categories.
The hippocampus mediates several higher brain functions, such as learning, memory, and spatial coding. The input region of the hippocampus, the dentate gyrus, plays a critical role in these processes. Several lines of evidence suggest that the dentate gyrus acts as a preprocessor of incoming information, preparing it for subsequent processing in CA3. For example, the dentate gyrus converts input from the entorhinal cortex, where cells have multiple spatial fields, into the spatially more specific place cell activity characteristic of the CA3 region. Furthermore, the dentate gyrus is involved in pattern separation, transforming relatively similar input patterns into substantially different output patterns. Finally, the dentate gyrus produces a very sparse coding scheme in which only a very small fraction of neurons are active at any one time. How are these unique functions implemented at the level of cells and synapses? Dentate gyrus granule cells receive excitatory neuron input from the entorhinal cortex and send excitatory output to the hippocampal CA3 region via the mossy fibers. Furthermore, several types of GABAergic interneurons are present in this region, providing inhibitory control over granule cell activity via feedback and feedforward inhibition. Additionally, hilar mossy cells mediate an excitatory loop, receiving powerful input from a small number of granule cells and providing highly distributed excitatory output to a large number of granule cells. Finally, the dentate gyrus is one of the few brain regions exhibiting adult neurogenesis. Thus, new neurons are generated and functionally integrated throughout life. How these specific cellular and synaptic properties contribute to higher brain functions remains unclear. One way to understand these properties of the dentate gyrus is to try to integrate experimental data into models, following the famous Hopfield quote: “Build it, and you understand it.” However, when trying this, one faces two major challenges. First, hard quantitative data about cellular properties, structural connectivity, and functional properties of synapses are lacking. Second, the number of individual neurons and synapses to be represented in the model is huge. For example, the dentate gyrus contains ~1 million granule cells in rodents, and ~10 million in humans. Thus, full scale models will be complex and computationally demanding. In this Frontiers Research Topic, we collect important information about cells, synapses, and microcircuit elements of the dentate gyrus. We have put together a combination of original research articles, review articles, and a methods article. We hope that the collected information will be useful for both experimentalists and modelers. We also hope that the papers will be interesting beyond the small world of “dentology,” i.e., for scientists working on other brain areas. Ideally, the dentate gyrus may serve as a blueprint, helping neuroscientists to define strategies to analyze network organization of other brain regions.
Regulation Of Synaptic Structure And Function
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Author : Zhiyong Shao
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2022-11-18
Regulation Of Synaptic Structure And Function written by Zhiyong Shao and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-11-18 with Science categories.
The Hippocampus Book
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Author : Richard Morris
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2024-11
The Hippocampus Book written by Richard Morris and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-11 with Medical categories.
Known to be important for memory, the hippocampus has long been a prime focus for neuroscience research. This second edition of The Hippocampus Book is written by experts in a wide range of disciplines, with new chapters summarizing how disorders of hippocampal function contribute to neurological and psychiatric conditions. The editors draw on their experience in hippocampal anatomy, physiology, cognitive neuroscience and disease pathobiology to weave together an authoritative book which will interest those working in numerous neuroscientific disciplines.
Neuronal Networks Of The Hippocampus
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Author : Roger D. Traub
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1991-05-31
Neuronal Networks Of The Hippocampus written by Roger D. Traub and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991-05-31 with Medical categories.
The questions of how a large population of neurons in the brain functions, how synchronized firing of neurons is achieved, and what factors regulate how many and which neurons fire under different conditions form the central theme of this book. Important neurological techniques for the physiological reconstruction of a large biological neural network are presented.
Invasive Studies Of The Human Epileptic Brain
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Author : Samden D. Lhatoo
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 2018-12-06
Invasive Studies Of The Human Epileptic Brain written by Samden D. Lhatoo and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-12-06 with Medical categories.
Invasive Studies of the Human Epileptic Brain is the definitive reference text on the use of invasive electroencephalographic (EEG) diagnostic studies in human epilepsy.