The Class Number Of Binary Quadratic Forms
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The Class Number Of Binary Quadratic Forms
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Author : George Hoffman Cresse
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1923
The Class Number Of Binary Quadratic Forms written by George Hoffman Cresse and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1923 with categories.
Binary Quadratic Forms
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Author : Duncan A. Buell
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 1989-08-25
Binary Quadratic Forms written by Duncan A. Buell and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989-08-25 with Mathematics categories.
The first coherent exposition of the theory of binary quadratic forms was given by Gauss in the Disqnisitiones Arithmeticae. During the nine teenth century, as the theory of ideals and the rudiments of algebraic number theory were developed, it became clear that this theory of bi nary quadratic forms, so elementary and computationally explicit, was indeed just a special case of a much more elega,nt and abstract theory which, unfortunately, is not computationally explicit. In recent years the original theory has been laid aside. Gauss's proofs, which involved brute force computations that can be done in what is essentially a two dimensional vector space, have been dropped in favor of n-dimensional arguments which prove the general theorems of algebraic number the ory. In consequence, this elegant, yet pleasantly simple, theory has been neglected even as some of its results have become extremely useful in certain computations. I find this neglect unfortunate, because binary quadratic forms have two distinct attractions. First, the subject involves explicit computa tion and many of the computer programs can be quite simple. The use of computers in experimenting with examples is both meaningful and enjoyable; one can actually discover interesting results by com puting examples, noticing patterns in the "data," and then proving that the patterns result from the conclusion of some provable theorem.
Binary Quadratic Forms
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Author : Johannes Buchmann
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2007-06-22
Binary Quadratic Forms written by Johannes Buchmann and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-06-22 with Mathematics categories.
This book deals with algorithmic problems concerning binary quadratic forms 2 2 f(X,Y)= aX +bXY +cY with integer coe?cients a, b, c, the mathem- ical theories that permit the solution of these problems, and applications to cryptography. A considerable part of the theory is developed for forms with real coe?cients and it is shown that forms with integer coe?cients appear in a natural way. Much of the progress of number theory has been stimulated by the study of concrete computational problems. Deep theories were developed from the classic time of Euler and Gauss onwards to this day that made the solutions ofmanyof theseproblemspossible.Algorithmicsolutionsandtheirproperties became an object of study in their own right. Thisbookintertwinestheexpositionofoneveryclassicalstrandofnumber theory with the presentation and analysis of algorithms both classical and modern which solve its motivating problems. This algorithmic approach will lead the reader, we hope, not only to an understanding of theory and solution methods, but also to an appreciation of the e?ciency with which solutions can be reached. The computer age has led to a marked advancement of algorithmic - search. On the one hand, computers make it feasible to solve very hard pr- lems such as the solution of Pell equations with large coe?cients. On the other, the application of number theory in public-key cryptography increased the urgency for establishing the complexity of several computational pr- lems: many a computer system stays only secure as long as these problems remain intractable.
The Class Number Of Binary Quadratic Forms
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Author : George Hoffman Cresse
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1923
The Class Number Of Binary Quadratic Forms written by George Hoffman Cresse and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1923 with Forms, Binary categories.
The Class Number Of Binary Quadratic Forms By George Hoffman Cresse
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Author : George Hoffman Cresse
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004-01-01
The Class Number Of Binary Quadratic Forms By George Hoffman Cresse written by George Hoffman Cresse and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-01-01 with categories.
Quadratic Irrationals
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Author : Franz Halter-Koch
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2013-06-17
Quadratic Irrationals written by Franz Halter-Koch and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-17 with Mathematics categories.
Quadratic Irrationals: An Introduction to Classical Number Theory gives a unified treatment of the classical theory of quadratic irrationals. Presenting the material in a modern and elementary algebraic setting, the author focuses on equivalence, continued fractions, quadratic characters, quadratic orders, binary quadratic forms, and class groups.T
Primes Of The Form X2 Ny2
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Author : David A. Cox
language : en
Publisher: Wiley-Interscience
Release Date : 1989
Primes Of The Form X2 Ny2 written by David A. Cox and has been published by Wiley-Interscience this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with Mathematics categories.
Modern number theory began with the work of Euler and Gauss to understand and extend the many unsolved questions left behind by Fermat. In the course of their investigations, they uncovered new phenomena in need of explanation, which over time led to the discovery of class field theory and its intimate connection with complex multiplication. While most texts concentrate on only the elementary or advanced aspects of this story, Primes of the Form x2 + ny2 begins with Fermat and explains how his work ultimately gave birth to quadratic reciprocity and the genus theory of quadratic forms. Further, the book shows how the results of Euler and Gauss can be fully understood only in the context of class field theory. Finally, in order to bring class field theory down to earth, the book explores some of the magnificent formulas of complex multiplication. The central theme of the book is the story of which primes p can be expressed in the form x2 + ny2. An incomplete answer is given using quadratic forms. A better though abstract answer comes from class field theory, and finally, a concrete answer is provided by complex multiplication. Along the way, the reader is introduced to some wonderful number theory. Numerous exercises and examples are included. The book is written to be enjoyed by readers with modest mathematical backgrounds. Chapter 1 uses basic number theory and abstract algebra, while chapters 2 and 3 require Galois theory and complex analysis, respectively.
A Primer Of Analytic Number Theory
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Author : Jeffrey Stopple
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2003-06-23
A Primer Of Analytic Number Theory written by Jeffrey Stopple and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-06-23 with Mathematics categories.
This 2003 undergraduate introduction to analytic number theory develops analytic skills in the course of studying ancient questions on polygonal numbers, perfect numbers and amicable pairs. The question of how the primes are distributed amongst all the integers is central in analytic number theory. This distribution is determined by the Riemann zeta function, and Riemann's work shows how it is connected to the zeroes of his function, and the significance of the Riemann Hypothesis. Starting from a traditional calculus course and assuming no complex analysis, the author develops the basic ideas of elementary number theory. The text is supplemented by series of exercises to further develop the concepts, and includes brief sketches of more advanced ideas, to present contemporary research problems at a level suitable for undergraduates. In addition to proofs, both rigorous and heuristic, the book includes extensive graphics and tables to make analytic concepts as concrete as possible.
Rational Quadratic Forms
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Author : J. W. S. Cassels
language : en
Publisher: Dover Publications
Release Date : 2013-12-23
Rational Quadratic Forms written by J. W. S. Cassels and has been published by Dover Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-12-23 with categories.
Exploration of quadratic forms over rational numbers and rational integers offers elementary introduction. Covers quadratic forms over local fields, forms with integral coefficients, reduction theory for definite forms, more. 1968 edition.
On The Class Number Of Abelian Number Fields
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Author : Helmut Hasse
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2019-04-23
On The Class Number Of Abelian Number Fields written by Helmut Hasse and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-04-23 with Mathematics categories.
With this translation, the classic monograph Über die Klassenzahl abelscher Zahlkörper by Helmut Hasse is now available in English for the first time. The book addresses three main topics: class number formulas for abelian number fields; expressions of the class number of real abelian number fields by the index of the subgroup generated by cyclotomic units; and the Hasse unit index of imaginary abelian number fields, the integrality of the relative class number formula, and the class number parity. Additionally, the book includes reprints of works by Ken-ichi Yoshino and Mikihito Hirabayashi, which extend the tables of Hasse unit indices and the relative class numbers to imaginary abelian number fields with conductor up to 100. The text provides systematic and practical methods for deriving class number formulas, determining the unit index and calculating the class number of abelian number fields. A wealth of illustrative examples, together with corrections and remarks on the original work, make this translation a valuable resource for today’s students of and researchers in number theory.