The Effect Of Flow Rate On High Performance Liquid Chromatography Column Re Equilibration After Gradient Elution
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The Effect Of Flow Rate On High Performance Liquid Chromatography Column Re Equilibration After Gradient Elution
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Author : Michael Robert Fletcher
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
The Effect Of Flow Rate On High Performance Liquid Chromatography Column Re Equilibration After Gradient Elution written by Michael Robert Fletcher and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with Chemistry categories.
In traditional high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), column re-equilibration between gradient elution runs is necessary to prepare a column for subsequent experiments. This process replaces the final mobile phase in the column with the mobile phase employed at the start of the run. The replacement of mobile phase occurs in four regions within the column: (i) between the particles (inter-particle); (ii) within the pores of the particles (intra-particle); (iii) in the interfacial region between the mobile phase and stationary phase; and (iv) in the space between the bonded phase ligands. Column re-equilibration, which we hypothesize is limited by the rate of diffusion within the pores and in the interfacial region, traditionally consumes a large quantity of mobile phase due to the high flow rates commonly employed during the reequilibration process. An alternative approach to column re-equilibration after gradient elution is presented, in which solvent consumption is minimized by substantially reducing the flow rate during column re-equilibration, thus allowing more time for new mobile phase to diffuse into the pores and interfacial region while consuming less solvent. The effect of flow rate on reequilibration time and solvent consumption is studied using a variety of column sizes and stationary phase composition. In addition, the effect of the solvent identity (acetonitrile vs. methanol) and the magnitude of the change in mobile phase composition on the re-equilibration time are also evaluated. The volume of mobile phase needed for re-equilibration is shown to be proportional to the flow rate employed during the re-equilibration process, verifying that a reduction in solvent consumption can be achieved by lowering the flow rate. In addition, the time necessary for re-equilibration is shown to be influenced by two terms: one that is flow rate dependent, and the other that is flow rate independent.
High Performance Gradient Elution
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Author : Lloyd R. Snyder
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2007-01-09
High Performance Gradient Elution written by Lloyd R. Snyder and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-01-09 with Science categories.
Gradient elution demystified Of the various ways in which chromatography is applied today, few have been as misunderstood as the technique of gradient elution, which presents many challenges compared to isocratic separation. When properly explained, however, gradient elution can be less difficult to understand and much easier to use than often assumed. Written by two well-known authorities in liquid chromatography, High-Performance Gradient Elution: The Practical Application of the Linear-Solvent-Strength Model takes the mystery out of the practice of gradient elution and helps remove barriers to the practical application of this important separation technique. The book presents a systematic approach to the current understanding of gradient elution, describing theory, methodology, and applications across many of the fields that use liquid chromatography as a primary analytical tool. This up-to-date, practical, and comprehensive treatment of gradient elution: * Provides specific, step-by-step recommendations for developing a gradient separation for any sample * Describes the best approach for troubleshooting problems with gradient methods * Guides the reader on the equipment used for gradient elution * Lists which conditions should be varied first during method development, and explains how to interpret scouting gradients * Explains how to avoid problems in transferring gradient methods With a focus on the use of linear solvent strength (LSS) theory for predicting gradient LC behavior and separations by reversed-phase HPLC, High-Performance Gradient Elution gives every chromatographer access to this useful tool.
High Performance Liquid Chromatography
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Author : Heinz Engelhardt
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
High Performance Liquid Chromatography written by Heinz Engelhardt and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
Modern liquid column chromatography (LC) has developed rapidly since 1969 to become a standard method of separation. If the statisticians are to be believed, the recent growth of LC has been the most specta cular development in analytical chemistry and has not yet abated be cause its vast potential for application remains to be fully exploit ed. Significant factors contributing to this continued rise are the simplicity and low cost of the required basic equipment and the rela tive ease of acquiring and interpreting the data. Unfortunately, in LC, as so often in the field of analytical chemistry, the available commercial instruments are frequently far more complicated - and consequently far more expensive - than is nec essary for routine application. Therein also lies the risk of propa gating a "black box" philosophy that would be particularly detrimen tal to chromatography. Moreover, it appears to have been forgotten, as was done previously with gas chromatography, that inadequate sep aration by a column can be remedied only with great difficulty, if at all, by electronic means. Also, whether the capillary columns recent ly advocated with great enthusiasm for LC will fulfill the expecta tions of their proponents is highly questionable unless someone comes up with some new and revolutionary ideas.
Principles And Practice Of Modern Chromatographic Methods
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Author : Kevin Robards
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2021-12-03
Principles And Practice Of Modern Chromatographic Methods written by Kevin Robards and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-12-03 with Science categories.
Principles and Practice of Modern Chromatographic Methods, Second Edition takes a comprehensive, unified approach in its presentation of chromatographic techniques. Like the first edition, the book provides a scientifically rigid, but easy-to-follow presentation of chromatography concepts that begins with the purpose and intent of chromatographic theory - the “what and why that are left out of other books attempting to cover these principles. This fully revised second edition brings the content up-to-date, covering recent developments in several new sections and an additional chapter on composite methods. New topics include sample profiling, sample preparation, sustainable green chemistry, 2D chromatography, miniaturization/nano-LC, HILIC, and more. Contains thorough chapters that begin with an updated schematic overview and a visual representation of the content Avoids the obfuscation of different terminologies and classification systems that are prevalent in the area, such as the relationship between liquid chromatography and column chromatography Provides integrated and comprehensive topic coverage based on chromatographic bibliometrics and survey reports on the relative usage of chromatographic techniques
Gradient Elution In Column Liquid Chromatography
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Author : P. Jandera
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 1985-05-01
Gradient Elution In Column Liquid Chromatography written by P. Jandera and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1985-05-01 with Science categories.
Gradient Elution in Column Liquid Chromatography
High Performance Liquid Chromatography Of Peptides And Proteins
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Author : Colin T. Mant
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2017-11-22
High Performance Liquid Chromatography Of Peptides And Proteins written by Colin T. Mant and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-11-22 with Medical categories.
This book consists of a series of 82 precise, easy-to-read articles by internationally renowned scientists and emphasizes the practical approach to HPLC with minimal theory, although the underlying principles for peptide and protein separations are clearly expressed. All of the major modes of microbore, ultrafast and analytical HPLC are discussed, including size-exclusion, ion-exchange, reversed-phase, hydrophobic interaction, and affinity and immunoaffinity chromatography. A section on preparative HPLC, including displacement techniques, is also presented. Problem-solving approaches to the separation of various classes of biologically active peptides and proteins are thoroughly explored, while the importance of peptide standards for monitoring column performance and for optimizing separation conditions is emphasized. Several articles focus on the choice of the correct detection method (electrochemical, UV, fluorescence), as well as the need for a proper knowledge of approaches to column and instrument maintenance and trouble-shooting. A section on predictive approaches deals with both computer simulation of peptide separations and peptide structure. The book also includes complementary techniques to HPLC, as well as other useful applications of HPLC. It enables both novice and experienced chromatographers to realize the full potential of this extremely powerful technique, in the process making an important contribution to scientific literature.
The Hplc Expert Ii
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Author : Stavros Kromidas
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2017-01-05
The Hplc Expert Ii written by Stavros Kromidas and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-01-05 with Science categories.
How can I use my HPLC/UHPLC equipment in an optimal way, where are the limitations of the technique? These questions are discussed in detail in the sequel of the successful "HPLC Expert" in twelve chapters written by experts in the respective fields. The topics encompass - complementary to the first volume - typical HPLC users' problems and questions such as gradient optimization and hyphenated techniques (LC-MS). An important key aspect of the book is UHPLC: For which analytical problem is it essential, what should be considered? Besides presentation of latest developments directly from the main manufacturers, also UHPLC users and independent service engineers impart their knowledge. Consistent with the target groups, the level is advanced, but the emphasis is on practical applications.
Encyclopedia Of Chromatography
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Author : Jack Cazes
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2009-10-12
Encyclopedia Of Chromatography written by Jack Cazes and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-10-12 with Science categories.
Thoroughly revised and expanded, this third edition offers illustrative tables and figures to clarify technical points in the articles and provides a valuable, reader-friendly reference for all those who employ chromatographic methods for analysis of complex mixtures of substances. An authoritative source of information, this introductory guide to specific chromatographic techniques and theory discusses the relevant science and technology, offering key references for analyzing specific chemicals and applications in industry and focusing on emerging technologies and uses.
Selection Of The Hplc Method In Chemical Analysis
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Author : Serban C. Moldoveanu
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2016-11-01
Selection Of The Hplc Method In Chemical Analysis written by Serban C. Moldoveanu and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-11-01 with Science categories.
Selection of the HPLC Method in Chemical Analysis serves as a practical guide to users of high-performance liquid chromatography and provides criteria for method selection, development, and validation. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is the most common analytical technique currently practiced in chemistry. However, the process of finding the appropriate information for a particular analytical project requires significant effort and pre-existent knowledge in the field. Further, sorting through the wealth of published data and literature takes both time and effort away from the critical aspects of HPLC method selection. For the first time, a systematic approach for sorting through the available information and reviewing critically the up-to-date progress in HPLC for selecting a specific analysis is available in a single book. Selection of the HPLC Method in Chemical Analysis is an inclusive go-to reference for HPLC method selection, development, and validation. Addresses the various aspects of practice and instrumentation needed to obtain reliable HPLC analysis results Leads researchers to the best choice of an HPLC method from the overabundance of information existent in the field Provides criteria for HPLC method selection, development, and validation Authored by world-renowned HPLC experts who have more than 60 years of combined experience in the field
High Performance Liquid Chromatography Ion Chromatography Thin Layer And Column Chromatography Of Water Samples 1983
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1984
High Performance Liquid Chromatography Ion Chromatography Thin Layer And Column Chromatography Of Water Samples 1983 written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1984 with Science categories.