The Effects Of Different Mineral Nitrogen Fertilizer Forms On N2o Emissions From Arable Soils Under Aerobic Conditions
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The Effects Of Different Mineral Nitrogen Fertilizer Forms On N2o Emissions From Arable Soils Under Aerobic Conditions
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Author : Jens Tierling
language : en
Publisher: Cuvillier Verlag
Release Date : 2017-05-02
The Effects Of Different Mineral Nitrogen Fertilizer Forms On N2o Emissions From Arable Soils Under Aerobic Conditions written by Jens Tierling and has been published by Cuvillier Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-05-02 with Science categories.
Intensively managed agricultural soils are a major source of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O), mainly due to the use of mineral nitrogen fertilizers which stimulate microbial processes in soils that form N2O. While oxidized N fertilizer forms can be subject to denitrification, reduced N forms must first be oxidized by nitrification to become available for denitrification. Because the contribution of these processes to N2O emissions depends on the prevailing soil conditions, the choice of the N fertilizer form has the potential to mitigate N2O emissions from fertilized soils. The present study focused on comparing amid-, ammonium- and nitrate-based mineral fertilizers with regard to nitrogen transformation dynamics and N2O production under controlled as well as field conditions. For this two distinct methodological approaches to measure N2O emissions were evaluated and deployed. Furthermore, the effects of soil pH and the alkalizing hydrolysis of urea were investigated. It was shown that especially under aerobic conditions the N fertilizer form can significantly affect N2O production in soils, and that nitrite dynamics are important especially for nitrification-derived N2O emissions. Thus, the careful consideration of the N fertilizer form can be a measure to mitigate emissions from farmland.
Effect Of Mineral N Fertilizers N Form Amount And Way Of Application On Nitrous Oxide Emissions From Croplands
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Author : Ulrike Lebender
language : en
Publisher: Cuvillier Verlag
Release Date : 2014-07-24
Effect Of Mineral N Fertilizers N Form Amount And Way Of Application On Nitrous Oxide Emissions From Croplands written by Ulrike Lebender and has been published by Cuvillier Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-07-24 with Science categories.
The present work evaluated the effect of mineral nitrogen (N) fertilizer application during crop production on the potential risk of gaseous N loss in the form of nitrous oxide (N2O). Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an environmentally important atmospheric trace gas and contributes to the anthropogenic greenhouse effect. In addition, it is a precursor to photochemical nitric oxide (NO) production in the stratosphere which leads to stratospheric ozone depletion. Agriculture is considered to be the main source of anthropogenic N2O, with agricultural soils representing the single largest source due to nitrogen fertilizer applications during crop production. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of mineral N fertilizers (N form, amount, mode of application) on N2O emissions from fertilized croplands in north-west Germany. Therefore several field trials, one greenhouse pot experiment and two incubation experiments were conducted. Nitrous oxide fluxes were measured by means of the closed chamber method. The length of the experimental period varied between experiments from several weeks (42 days) up to one-year measurement campaigns. The amount of N2O emitted during the crop growth period depended on the N form applied as well as on the mode of application, and a linear relationship between cumulative N2O emissions and total N fertilizer amount applied was found.
Advances In Crop Environment Interaction
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Author : Santanu Kumar Bal
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-11-02
Advances In Crop Environment Interaction written by Santanu Kumar Bal and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-11-02 with Science categories.
Agriculture is currently facing multi-faceted threats in the form of unpredictable weather variability, frequent droughts and scarcity of irrigation water, together with the degradation of soil resources and declining environmental health. These stresses result in the modification of plant physiology to impart greater resilience to changing abiotic and biotic environments, but only at the cost of declining plant productivity. In light of these facts, assessing the status of natural resource bases, and understanding the mechanisms of soil-plant-environment interactions so as to devise adaptation and mitigation approaches, represent great and imminent challenges for all of us. In this context, it is essential to understand the potential applications of modern tools, existing coping mechanisms and their integration, as this will allow us to develop suitable advanced mitigation strategies. From a broader perspective, the book deals with crop-environment interaction in the context of changing climatic conditions. To do so, it addresses four major aspects: Understanding the mechanism of carbon dynamics in the soil-plant-environment continuum; greenhouse gas fluxes in agricultural systems; and soil properties influenced by climate change and carbon sequestration processes. Mitigation and management of the photo-thermal environment to improve crop productivity; soil health under variable climate; reducing agro-ecosystem evapotranspiration losses through biophysical controls; and heat stress in field crops and its management. Studying the impact of climate change on biotic environments; insect-pest interactions; manifestations of disease; and adaptation strategies for island agro-ecosystems. Innovative approaches to assess stress impacts in crops, such as crop modeling, remote sensing, spectral stress indices etc. The book presents a collection of contributions from authoritative experts in their respective fields. Offering young researchers new perspectives and future research directions, it represents a valuable guide for graduate students and academics alike.
Soil Emission Of Nitrous Oxide And Its Mitigation
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Author : David Ussiri
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-11-13
Soil Emission Of Nitrous Oxide And Its Mitigation written by David Ussiri and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-11-13 with Science categories.
Nitrous oxide gas is a long-lived relatively active greenhouse gas (GHG) with an atmospheric lifetime of approximately 120 years, and heat trapping effects about 310 times more powerful than carbon dioxide per molecule basis. It contributes about 6% of observed global warming. Nitrous oxide is not only a potent GHG, but it also plays a significant role in the depletion of stratospheric ozone. This book describes the anthropogenic sources of N2O with major emphasis on agricultural activities. It summarizes an overview of global cycling of N and the role of nitrous oxide on global warming and ozone depletion, and then focus on major source, soil borne nitrous oxide emissions. The spatial-temporal variation of soil nitrous oxide fluxes and underlying biogeochemical processes are described, as well as approaches to quantify fluxes of N2O from soils. Mitigation strategies to reduce the emissions, especially from agricultural soils, and fertilizer nitrogen sources are described in detail in the latter part of the book.
Mitigating N2o Emission From Arable Soils
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Author : Haitao Wang
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
Mitigating N2o Emission From Arable Soils written by Haitao Wang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with categories.
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an important greenhouse gas which contributes to climate change and ozone depletion. Mineral N fertilizers are one of the most important sources of N2O emission in agricultural systems. Enhanced-efficiency fertilizers (e.g., N fertilizers with added urease and nitrification inhibitors) represent possible approaches to N2O emission reduction and improved efficiency of N use. However, their adoption has been limited by the uncertainty of their effectiveness across different ecosystems. The present study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of several inhibitors under vari...
Gaseous Loss Of Nitrogen From Plant Soil Systems
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Author : J.R. Freney
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-04-17
Gaseous Loss Of Nitrogen From Plant Soil Systems written by J.R. Freney and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-17 with Science categories.
A growing interest has been shown recently in the dymanics of nitrogen in agricultural and natural ecosystems. This has been caused by increasing demands for food and fibre by a rapidly expanding world population, and by a growing concern that increased land clearing, cultivation and use of both fertilizer and biologically fixed nitrogen can have detrimental effects on the environment. These include effects on water quality, eutrophication of surface waters and changes in atmospheric composition all caused by increased cycling of nitrogenous compounds. The input and availability of nitrogen frequently affects the productivity of farming systems more than any other single management factor, but often the nitrogen is used inefficiently. Much of the fertilizer nitrogen applied to the soil is not utilised by the crop: it is lost either in solution form, by leaching of nitrate, or in gaseous forms as ammonia, nitrous oxide, nitric oxide or dinitrogen. The leached nitrate can contaminate rivers and ground waters, while the emitted ammonia can contaminate surface waters or combine with atmospheric sulfur dioxide to form aerosols which affect visibility, health and climate. There is also concern that increased evolution of nitrous oxide will deplete the protective ozone layer of the stratosphere. The possibility of a link between the intensity of agricultural use of nitrogen, nitrous oxide emissions and amounts of stratospheric ozone has focussed attention on these interactions.
Effect Of Nitrogen Fertilizer On Nitrous Oxide Emissions From The Soil For Two Potential Energy Crops And The Relative Greenhouse Gas Emissions
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Author : Adam Wile
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Effect Of Nitrogen Fertilizer On Nitrous Oxide Emissions From The Soil For Two Potential Energy Crops And The Relative Greenhouse Gas Emissions written by Adam Wile and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
Mitigation Of Climate Change By Nitrogen Managements In Agriculture
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Author : Kazuyuki Inubushi
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Mitigation Of Climate Change By Nitrogen Managements In Agriculture written by Kazuyuki Inubushi and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with Electronic books categories.
Soil is one of the important sources of nitrous oxide (N2O), which is generally producing through soil microbial processes, such as nitrification and denitrification. Agricultural soils receive chemical and organic fertilizers to maintain or increase crop yield and soil fertility, but several factors are influencing N2O emissions, such as types and conditions of soil and fertilizer, and rate, form, and timing of application. Mitigation of N2O is a challenging topic for future earth by using inhibitors, controlled-release fertilizers, and other amendments, but the cost and side effects should be considered for feasibility.
Properties And Management Of Soils In The Tropics
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Author : Pedro A. Sanchez
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2019-01-10
Properties And Management Of Soils In The Tropics written by Pedro A. Sanchez and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-01-10 with Business & Economics categories.
Long-awaited second edition of classic textbook, brought completely up to date, for courses on tropical soils, and reference for scientists and professionals.
Microbial Sources Of Nitrous Oxide Emissions From Diverse Cropping Systems
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Author : Di Liang
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Microbial Sources Of Nitrous Oxide Emissions From Diverse Cropping Systems written by Di Liang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with Electronic dissertations categories.
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas with a global warming potential ~300 times higher than CO2. As the primary source of reactive nitrogen oxides (NOx) in the stratosphere, N2O also depletes stratospheric ozone. N2O concentrations in the atmosphere are increasing rapidly, primarily due to agricultural activity. Nitrification, an autotrophic process that converts ammonia (NH3) into nitrite (NO2−) and nitrate (NO3−), and denitrification, a heterotrophic process that reduces NO3− into NO, N2O and N2, are the two major processes leading to N2O emissions. Nitrification has been reported to dominate N2O emissions from agricultural soils under aerobic conditions.Ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and ammonia oxidizing archaea (AOA) are the two main taxa involved in nitrification. Both AOA and AOB are capable of producing N2O, but their relative importance in nitrification is still largely unknown. In this dissertation I address three nitrification knowledge gaps: 1) Importance: what is the contribution of nitrification versus other microbial processes for producing N2O in systems under different management intensities (Chapter 2)? 2) Ecology: can high NH4+ inputs induce niche differentiation between AOA and AOB (Chapter 3)? 3) Complexity: how do plants mediate N2O emissions from AOA and AOB in situ in annual and perennial bioenergy cropping systems (Chapter 4)?In Chapters 2 and 3, I sampled soils from ecosystems under a management intensity gradient ranging from heavily-managed row crop agriculture to unmanaged deciduous forest. Results in chapter 2 show that soil nitrification is unlikely to be the dominant source of N2O in annual row crop systems, as the 25th-75th percentile of the maximum potential contribution ranged only between 13-42% of total N2O. In contrast, a maximum potential contribution of 52-63% of total N2O emissions could be attributed to nitrification in perennial or successional systems. In Chapter 3, I found high NH4+ inputs could inhibit nitrification of AOB but not AOA, especially in perennial and successional systems. Moreover, long-term N fertilization significantly promoted nitrification potentials of both AOA and AOB in the early succession but not in the deciduous forest systems. In summary, results from these two chapters suggest 1) nitrification is a minor source of N2O, especially in row crop systems, and 2) NH4+ inhibition of AOB could be another mechanism leading to niche differentiation between AOA and AOB in terrestrial environments.In Chapter 4, I examined nitrifier N2O emissions from annual (corn) and perennial (switchgrass) bioenergy cropping systems during different seasons that differ in plant nutrient demands. Both AOA and AOB responded to N fertilizer applications in situ but N fertilizer-induced N2O emissions were mainly observed in corn but not in switchgrass system. Because plants can compete with soil nitrifiers for NH4+ during the growing season, competition for NH4+ appeared to reduce N2O emissions from nitrification. Thus, synchronizing fertilizer application with plant nutrient uptake can be an important strategy for mitigating nitrification-derived N2O. Overall, results from this dissertation suggest that nitrifier-derived N2O in terrestrial ecosystems is significant but not a dominant source of N2O, and although AOB are more responsive to added N than are AOA, AOB can also be inhibited by high NH4+ concentrations in soil.