The Effects Of Mobile Phones And Hands Free Laws On Traffic Fatalities
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The Effects Of Mobile Phones And Hands Free Laws On Traffic Fatalities
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Author : Jed Kolko
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
The Effects Of Mobile Phones And Hands Free Laws On Traffic Fatalities written by Jed Kolko and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with categories.
Has the rapid increase in mobile phone usage contributed to traffic fatalities in the United States? Does legislation requiring drivers to use hands-free technology while talking have any effect on traffic fatalities? Using state-level panel data on mobile phone ownership, hands-free laws, and traffic fatalities, this paper finds that mobile phone ownership is associated with higher traffic fatalities, but only in bad weather or wet road conditions. The limited experience of a few states suggests that hands-free laws reduce traffic fatalities, but again only in bad weather or wet road conditions, and possibly also in rush-hour traffic. The findings suggest that the benefits of hands-free laws depend on driving conditions, and an important policy implication is hands-free laws should be more strongly enforced when driving conditions are more difficult. These findings on hands-free laws differ from other research, which consistently finds that hands-free and handheld phone usage have similar effects on driver distraction and accident risk, calling into question the usefulness of hands-free laws. Previous research has relied on retrospective surveys, laboratory simulations, and non-representative driving histories, whereas this research examines the effects of actual policy changes on outcomes. One reason for these different results may be that drivers respond to hands-free laws in ways that cannot be observed in laboratory conditions or extrapolated from voluntary decisions to use hands-free technology.
Investigation Of The Use Of Mobile Phones While Driving
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Author : Alaisdair Cain
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
Investigation Of The Use Of Mobile Phones While Driving written by Alaisdair Cain and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Summarizes existing info. on the subject of mobile phone use while driving, in order to provide a concise summary of the issues for the public, researchers, and legislators alike. Discusses the benefits of mobile phone usage while driving, such as driver safety and time use efficiency, and negative aspects such as its potential for driver distraction resulting in accidents. Contains info. on the demographics of mobile phone use in the U.S., focusing on user demographics and frequency of usage while driving. People who used a mobile phone while driving were anywhere from 34% to 300% more likely to have an accident. Charts and tables.
Encyclopedia Of Mobile Phone Behavior
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Author : Yan, Zheng
language : en
Publisher: IGI Global
Release Date : 2015-03-31
Encyclopedia Of Mobile Phone Behavior written by Yan, Zheng and has been published by IGI Global this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-03-31 with Computers categories.
The rise of mobile phones has brought about a new era of technological attachment as an increasing number of people rely on their personal mobile devices to conduct their daily activities. Due to the ubiquitous nature of mobile phones, the impact of these devices on human behavior, interaction, and cognition has become a widely studied topic. The Encyclopedia of Mobile Phone Behavior is an authoritative source for scholarly research on the use of mobile phones and how these devices are revolutionizing the way individuals learn, work, and interact with one another. Featuring exhaustive coverage on a variety of topics relating to mobile phone use, behavior, and the impact of mobile devices on society and human interaction, this multi-volume encyclopedia is an essential reference source for students, researchers, IT specialists, and professionals seeking current research on the use and impact of mobile technologies on contemporary culture.
Mobile Phones And Driving
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Author : Daniel M. Sturnquist
language : en
Publisher: Nova Publishers
Release Date : 2006
Mobile Phones And Driving written by Daniel M. Sturnquist and has been published by Nova Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Health & Fitness categories.
In the United States, as well as worldwide, there has been substantial growth in the use of mobile wireless telecommunication services (mobile telephones). The use of mobile telephones by the drivers of motor vehicles has been the subject of certain state and local restrictions that were written because of concerns for driver safety. At the present time, eighteen states and the District of Columbia have enacted legislation concerning the use of mobile telephones by drivers of motor vehicles. The existing state laws vary greatly and are summarised in this book. Fifty-three pieces of legislation have been introduced in 2004 in twenty-six states and the District of Columbia concerning the use of mobile telephones by drivers of motor vehicles. The current status of state legislation is summarised state by-state in this book. The book includes a bibliography of other books regarding this issue, as well.
An Investigation Of The Safety Implications Of Wireless Communications In Vehicles
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1997
An Investigation Of The Safety Implications Of Wireless Communications In Vehicles written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Cell phone systems categories.
The Impact Of Cell Phones And Bac Laws On Motor Vehicle Fatality Rates
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Author : Peter Loeb
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
The Impact Of Cell Phones And Bac Laws On Motor Vehicle Fatality Rates written by Peter Loeb and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
This paper develops a set of models for the determinants of automobile fatalities with particular attention devoted to the effects of increased cell phone usage. Cell phones have been associated with both life-taking and life-saving properties. However, prior statistical evaluations of the effects of cell phones have led to fragile results. We develop in this paper econometric models using time series data, allowing for polynomial structures of the regressors. The models are evaluated with a set of specification error tests providing reliable estimates of the effects of the various policy and driving related variables evaluated. The statistical results indicate the effect of cell phones is nonmonotonic depending on the volume of phones in use, first having a net life-taking effect, then a net life-saving effect, followed finally with a net life-taking effect as the volume of phone use increases.
Evaluating California S Handheld Cell Phone Use Ban
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Author : Amy Kathleen Stewart
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Evaluating California S Handheld Cell Phone Use Ban written by Amy Kathleen Stewart and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
Driver inattention has long been an issue for traffic safety advocates. Drivers may only briefly look away to change the radio station, answer a phone call, send a text message, or speak to a passenger; however, taking their eyes off the road decreases driver awareness and increases the likelihood of a collision. One of the main sources of driver inattention is the use of cell phones while driving. In California, lawmakers sought to address the dangers of cell phone use while driving by banning the use of hand-held cell phones while operating a vehicle. California's ban went into effect July 1, 2008, and while there have been multiple changes to the law in the five years since, there has been little evaluation as to whether the law achieved its goal of reducing accidents. Using accident report data compiled in the Statewide Integrated Traffic Records System, I performed three regression analyses to determine whether California's law prohibiting cell phone use while driving resulted in fewer traffic accidents in the year after the law went into effect compared to the year prior. The first two logistic regression models measure fatal accidents and injury accidents for both years to establish the impact of cell phone use on these types of accidents. The third model measures the impact of the law on accidents involving cell phone use. The general causal factors identified are the year during which the accident occurred, driver behavior, driver demographics, accident time, accident location, weather conditions, and road conditions. In evaluating the final regression results for Model 1 (Accident Involving Fatality=1), the key explanatory variable (Cell Phone in Use) was not statistically significant. For Model 2 (Accident with Injury=1), Cell Phone in Use was both statistically significant and had a positive impact on the likelihood of being in an injury accident. Based on the results, a driver was 30.61 percent more likely to be involved in an accident involving an injury versus an accident with no injury or a fatality, while using a cell phone than a driver not using a cell phone, all else held constant. For Model 3 (Cell Phone Use While Driving and Being Involved in Accident=1), the results for the key explanatory variable (FY 2008/2009) were statistically significant and indicated that a driver was 42.79 percent less likely to be involved in an accident involving cell phone use than not involving a cell phone, in the year after the law went into effect compared to the prior year. These results must come with the caveat that not all factors influencing a driver's behavior may be accounted for and that not all accidents resulting from driver cell phone use may be identified in the data set given the low Pseudo R2 values for each of the three models (Model 1 - 0.0631; Model 2 - 0.0248; Model 3 - 0.0540). Primarily, I recommended that a better method of data collection be identified to ensure the accuracy of conclusion drawn from data analysis. Possible suggestions include the development of best practices for law enforcement in identifying cell phone use at an accident and making the indication of cell phone use mandatory on the accident report. Secondary recommendations include using the demographic results of this study to inform public awareness campaigns to target those drivers most likely to be involved in an accident involving cell phone use and to inform driver education training.
Cell Phones And Distracted Driving
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Author : Gail Barbara Stewart
language : en
Publisher: Referencepoint Press
Release Date : 2014-08
Cell Phones And Distracted Driving written by Gail Barbara Stewart and has been published by Referencepoint Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-08 with Cell phone calls categories.
Cell phones, while providing an easy means communication, have been cited as the cause of thousands of deadly driving accidents throughout the United States. Through objective overviews, primary sources, and full-color illustrations, this title examines The Distractions of Driving, The Science of Distraction, Cell Phones and the Law, Have Laws Reduced Cell Phone Distraction? Other Efforts to Reduce Cell Phone Use by Drivers.
The Impact Of Driver Cell Phone Use On Accidents
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Author : Robert W. Hahn
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
The Impact Of Driver Cell Phone Use On Accidents written by Robert W. Hahn and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with categories.
Cell phone use is increasing worldwide, leading to a concern that cell phone use while driving increases accidents. Several countries, as well as two states and many municipalities in the U.S., have banned the use of hand-held cell phones while driving. In this paper, we develop a new approach for estimating the relationship between cell phone use while driving and accidents. Our approach is the first to allow for the direct estimation of the impact of a cell phone ban while driving. It is based on new survey data from over 7,000 individuals. This paper differs from previous research in two significant ways: first, we use a larger sample of individual-level data; and second, we test for selection effects, such as whether drivers who use cell phones are inherently less safe drivers, even when not on the phone. The paper has three key findings. First, there is evidence of selection effects. Our analysis suggests that individuals who are more likely to use hands-free devices are more careful drivers even without them. Once we correct for the endogeneity of hands-free usage, our models predict no statistically significant reduction in accidents from mandating that usage must be hands-free. Second, we find that the impact of minutes of cell phone use on accidents varies across the population. Even after controlling for observed driver characteristics, our random coefficient models show there is additional variation in the cell phone impacts on accidents, particularly for female drivers. Previous studies of cell phone usage and accident risk are thus subject to selection bias. We calculate that previous estimates of the impact of cell phone usage on risk for the population may be overstated by 36%. Finally, we explore the impact of a ban on cell phone use while driving. We cannot reject the hypothesis that a ban would have no effect on the number of accidents. Our estimates of the reduction in accidents from a ban on cell phone use while driving are both lower and less certain than previous studies indicate.
Fundamentals Of Cognition
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Author : Michael W. Eysenck
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2023-09-12
Fundamentals Of Cognition written by Michael W. Eysenck and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-09-12 with Psychology categories.
Is it possible to learn something without being aware of it? How does emotion influence the way we think? How can we improve our memory? Fundamentals of Cognition, Fourth Edition, provides a basic, reader-friendly introduction to the key cognitive processes we use to interact successfully with the world around us. Our abilities in attention, perception, learning, memory, language, problem solving, thinking, and reasoning are all vitally important in enabling us to cope with everyday life. Understanding these processes through the study of cognitive psychology is essential for understanding human behaviour. This edition has been thoroughly updated and revised with an emphasis on making it even more accessible to introductory-level students. This new edition includes: updated references for readers who are looking for more detailed information; checks to make sure that statements made in the previous version are still valid, given recent findings on replication issues; extended research activities and "In the Real World" case studies to make it easy for students to engage with the material; real-world topics such as discussions of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, the reading problems of individuals with dyslexia, why magic tricks work, and why we cannot remember the Apple logo accurately; an extensive set of "Key term" definitions; supporting Instructor and Student Resources containing multiple choice questions, flashcards, simulations of key experiments, and instructor resources. The book provides a perfect balance between traditional approaches to cognition and cutting-edge cognitive neuroscience and cognitive neuropsychology. Covering all the key topics within cognition, this comprehensive overview is essential reading for all students interested in psychology.