The Leaf A Platform For Performing Photosynthesis
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The Leaf A Platform For Performing Photosynthesis
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Author : William W. Adams III
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-10-24
The Leaf A Platform For Performing Photosynthesis written by William W. Adams III and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-10-24 with Science categories.
The leaf is an organ optimized for capturing sunlight and safely using that energy through the process of photosynthesis to drive the productivity of the plant and, through the position of plants as primary producers, that of Earth’s biosphere. It is an exquisite organ composed of multiple tissues, each with unique functions, working synergistically to: (1) deliver water, nutrients, signals, and sometimes energy-rich carbon compounds throughout the leaf (xylem); (2) deliver energy-rich carbon molecules and signals within the leaf during its development and then from the leaf to the plant once the leaf has matured (phloem); (3) regulate exchange of gasses between the leaf and the atmosphere (epidermis and stomata); (4) modulate the radiation that penetrates into the leaf tissues (trichomes, the cuticle, and its underlying epidermis); (5) harvest the energy of visible sunlight to transform water and carbon dioxide into energy-rich sugars or sugar alcohols for export to the restof the plant (palisade and spongy mesophyll); and (6) store sugars and/or starch during the day to feed the plant during the night and/or acids during the night to support light-driven photosynthesis during the day (palisade and spongy mesophyll). Various regulatory controls that have been shaped through the evolutionary history of each plant species result in an incredible diversity of leaf form across the plant kingdom. Genetic programming is also flexible in allowing acclimatory phenotypic adjustments that optimize leaf functioning in response to a particular set of environmental conditions and biotic influences experienced by the plant. Moreover, leaves and the primary processes carried out by the leaf respond to changes in their environment, and the status of the plant, through multiple regulatory networks over time scales ranging from seconds to seasons. This book brings together the findings from laboratories at the forefront of research into various aspects of leaf function, with particular emphasis on the relationship to photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis Respiration And Climate Change
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Author : Katie M. Becklin
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-05-31
Photosynthesis Respiration And Climate Change written by Katie M. Becklin and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-05-31 with Science categories.
Changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and global climate conditions have altered photosynthesis and plant respiration across both geologic and contemporary time scales. Understanding climate change effects on plant carbon dynamics is critical for predicting plant responses to future growing conditions. Furthermore, demand for biofuel, fibre and food production is rapidly increasing with the ever-expanding global human population, and our ability to meet these demands is exacerbated by climate change. This volume integrates physiological, ecological, and evolutionary perspectives on photosynthesis and respiration responses to climate change. We explore this topic in the context of modeling plant responses to climate, including physiological mechanisms that constrain carbon assimilation and the potential for plants to acclimate to rising carbon dioxide concentration, warming temperatures and drought. Additional chapters contrast climate change responses in natural and agricultural ecosystems, where differences in climate sensitivity between different photosynthetic pathways can influence community and ecosystem processes. Evolutionary studies over past and current time scales provide further insight into evolutionary changes in photosynthetic traits, the emergence of novel plant strategies, and the potential for rapid evolutionary responses to future climate conditions. Finally, we discuss novel approaches to engineering photosynthesis and photorespiration to improve plant productivity for the future. The overall goals for this volume are to highlight recent advances in photosynthesis and respiration research, and to identify key challenges to understanding and scaling plant physiological responses to climate change. The integrated perspectives and broad scope of research make this volume an excellent resource for both students and researchers in many areas of plant science, including plant physiology, ecology, evolution, climate change, and biotechnology. For this volume, 37 experts contributed chapters that span modeling, empirical, and applied research on photosynthesis and respiration responses to climate change. Authors represent the following seven countries: Australia (6); Canada (9), England (5), Germany (2), Spain (3), and the United States (12).
Understanding And Improving Crop Photosynthesis
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Author : Dr Robert Sharwood
language : en
Publisher: Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing
Release Date : 2023-01-10
Understanding And Improving Crop Photosynthesis written by Dr Robert Sharwood and has been published by Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-01-10 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Provides a comprehensive review of the wealth of research which addresses how to sustainably achieve higher yields through improving the rate of C3 photosynthesis in crops Assesses current practices implemented to optimise photosynthesis in crops, including the modification of crop elements such as leaf/canopy architecture Explores our understanding of the biophysics, biochemistry and genetics of C3 photosynthesis in crops and how this can be used to improve photosynthesis in C4 and C3 crops
Linking Stomatal Development And Physiology From Stomatal Models To Non Model Species And Crops
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Author : Caspar Christian Cedric Chater
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2021-11-26
Linking Stomatal Development And Physiology From Stomatal Models To Non Model Species And Crops written by Caspar Christian Cedric Chater and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-11-26 with Science categories.
Relationship Between Forest Ecophysiology And Environment
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Author : Roberto Tognetti
language : en
Publisher: MDPI
Release Date : 2021-06-04
Relationship Between Forest Ecophysiology And Environment written by Roberto Tognetti and has been published by MDPI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-06-04 with Science categories.
Ecophysiological mechanisms underlie plant responses to environmental conditions and the influence these responses have on ecological patterns and processes. In this Special Issue, with a particular interest in the interactions between climate change, environmental disturbance, and functional ecology, experimental observations are described at a range of spatial scales. A modeling framework is used in an effort to relate mechanistic responses to ecosystem functions and services, and link forest ecophysiology and environmental indicators. This Special Issue collects important advances in studying and monitoring plant–environment interactions, covering biogeographic gradients from Mediterranean woodlands to boreal forests and from Alpine mountains to tropical environments.
Blue Planet Red And Green Photosynthesis
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Author : Stephen Christopher Maberly
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2022-06-28
Blue Planet Red And Green Photosynthesis written by Stephen Christopher Maberly and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-06-28 with Science categories.
This book describes the mechanisms that allow aquatic photosynthetic organisms to contribute about half of the global primary productivity; in order to mitigate climate change by sequestering carbon dioxide and producing oxygen, they transform the original anoxic atmosphere of the Earth over geological time. Aquatic photosynthesis is performed by a wide diversity of organisms, predominantly involving cyanobacteria, and algae derived from the “red-lineage”, unlike terrestrial primary productivity, which is restricted to “green-lineage” plants. Blue Planet, Red and Green Photosynthesis describes how, in order to maximize productivity, aquatic primary producers have evolved a series of structures and mechanisms that increase the limiting supply of carbon dioxide to the enzyme, Rubisco, which is responsible for carbon dioxide fixation. This book covers the molecular mechanisms involved in aquatic carbon uptake and the global consequences as humankind alters the blue planet.
Photosynthesis In Algae Biochemical And Physiological Mechanisms
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Author : Anthony W.D. Larkum
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-06-03
Photosynthesis In Algae Biochemical And Physiological Mechanisms written by Anthony W.D. Larkum and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-06-03 with Science categories.
Algae, including cyanobacteria, are in the spotlight today for a number of reasons; firstly it has become abundantly clear over recent years that algae have been neglected in terms of basic research and that knowledge gap is being rapidly closed with the establishment of some surprising discoveries, such as the presence of Near-Infra-Red-Absorbing cyanobacteria and a wealth of natural products; secondly molecular approaches have provided a wealth of approaches to genetically modify algae and produce value-added products; thirdly it has become clear just how important, marine phytoplankton is to global carbon capture and the production of food globally; and fourthly, it has also become clear that algae present unparalleled opportunities to generate biofuels in a sustainable and non-polluting way. This volume presents 15 chapters by world experts on their subjects, ranging from reviews of algal diversity and genetics to in-depth reviews of special algal groups such as diatoms (which account for over 30% of marine carbon capture). Other chapters chart the ways in which this carbon capture occurs or how there are a multiplicity of ways in which algae intercept sun light and deploy this energy for carbon capture. A fascinating aspect here is the way in which sun light is harvested. A special chapter is devoted to the very recent and exciting possibility that algae use coherent light energy transformation to enhance the efficiency of light capture, an aspect of quantum physics that has implications for future developments at several levels and a variety of industries. Just how and why algae use Chlorophyll a as the major light capture pigment is discussed in several chapters. However, attention is also given to those cyanobacteria, which have been found to use the special Near-Infra Red absorbing chlorophylls mentioned above. And attention is also given to those algae that employ phycobiliproteins to fill in the “green window”, i.e., the spectral region from 400 – 650 nm, which is not efficiently covered by chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments. Photoinhibition and photoprotection is the subject area of several chapters and one which it is essential to understand a we work towards greater efficiency of algal photosynthesis. A final chapter is devoted to understanding the molecular basis for coral bleaching, a much-neglected area that is essential in trying to come up with solutions to this very worrying phenomenon, caused by global warming and ocean acidification. This is a book for research scientists, environmentalists, planners in a range of areas including those of marine resources, nutrient control and pollution of water bodies and that growing body of concerned citizens interested in controlling carbon emissions and global warming. Special attention has been given to generating a set of articles that will be read by university students, informed laymen and all those whose wish to understand the rapid changes that have come about in our knowledge of algae over the past decade.
Plant Stress Physiology And Climate Change
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Author : Maria Alexou
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Release Date : 2024-07-19
Plant Stress Physiology And Climate Change written by Maria Alexou and has been published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-07-19 with Science categories.
This book will help students and researchers of Plant Physiology to expand their knowledge on Stress Physiology due to Climate Change. Part A summarises plant physiology in a way that most people can understand, and even memorise easily. Part B brings together various fields of more advanced physiology, while explaining some of the newest findings and trends in physiology, focusing on drought and heat stress. Part B begins by covering oxidative stress in the cell, then the impact of stress on leaf stomata, the carbon and nitrogen metabolism of plants, and subsequently the underestimated role of the plant vasculature. The final chapter examines four advanced scientific queries that challenge some accepted viewpoints in Plant Physiology. In the end, a summary outlines the “big picture” in Plant Stress Physiology. This book guides the reader from basic knowledge to advanced specifics on major topics of Plant Stress Physiology, and helps the reader address some questions fundamental to plant life itself.
Photosynthesis Molecular Approaches To Solar Energy Conversion
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Author : Jian-Ren Shen
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-09-09
Photosynthesis Molecular Approaches To Solar Energy Conversion written by Jian-Ren Shen and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-09-09 with Science categories.
In the modern world, to meet increasing energy demands we need to develop new technologies allowing us to use eco-friendly carbon-neutral energy sources. Solar energy as the most promising renewable source could be the way to solve that problem, but it is variable depending on day time and season. From this side, the understanding of photosynthesis process could be of significant help for us to develop effective strategies of solar energy capturing, conversion, and storage. Plants, algae, and cyanobacteria perform photosynthesis, annually producing around 100 billion tons of dry biomass. Presently, the detailed studies of photosynthetic system structure make functional investigations of the photosynthetic process available, allowing scientists to construct artificial systems for solar energy transduction. This book summarizes exciting achievements in understanding of photosynthetic structures and mechanisms of this process made by world leaders in photosynthesis field, and contains information about modern ideas in development of revolutionary new technologies of energy conversion. Organized according to the natural sequence of events occurring during photosynthesis, the book includes information of both photosynthetic structures and mechanisms and its applications in bioenergetics issues.
Translating Physiological Tools To Augment Crop Breeding
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Author : Mamrutha Harohalli Masthigowda
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2023-04-19
Translating Physiological Tools To Augment Crop Breeding written by Mamrutha Harohalli Masthigowda and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-04-19 with Science categories.
This book covers different physiological processes, tools, and their application in crop breeding. Each chapter emphasizes on a specific trait/physiological process and its importance in crop, their phenotyping information and how best it can be employed for crop improvement by projecting on success stories in different crops. It covers wide range of physiological topics including advances in field phenotyping, role of endophytic fungi, metabolomics, application of stable isotopes, high throughput phenomics, transpiration efficiency, root phenotyping and root exudates for improved resource use efficiency, cuticular wax and its application, advances in photosynthetic studies, leaf spectral reflectance and physiological breeding in hardy crops like millets. This book also covers the futuristic research areas like artificial intelligence and machine learning. This contributed volume compiles all application parts of physiological tools along with their advanced research in these areas, which is very much need of the hour for both academics and researchers for ready reference. This book will be of interest to teachers, researchers, climate change scientists, capacity builders, and policy makers. Also, the book serves as additional reading material for undergraduate and graduate students of agriculture, physiology, botany, ecology, and environmental sciences. National and international agricultural scientists will also find this a useful resource.