The Male And Female Brain Molecular Mechanisms Of Sex Differences
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The Male And Female Brain Molecular Mechanisms Of Sex Differences
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Author : Laura Musazzi
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2021-12-30
The Male And Female Brain Molecular Mechanisms Of Sex Differences written by Laura Musazzi and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-12-30 with Science categories.
Sex Differences In The Central Nervous System
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Author : Rebecca M. Shansky
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2015-09-14
Sex Differences In The Central Nervous System written by Rebecca M. Shansky and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-09-14 with Science categories.
Sex Differences in the Central Nervous System offers a comprehensive examination of the current state of sex differences research, from both the basic science and clinical research perspectives. Given the current NIH directive that funded preclinical research must consider both females and males, this topic is of interest to an increasing percentage of the neuroscience research population. The volume serves as an invaluable resource, offering coverage of a wide range of topics: sex differences in cognition, learning, and memory, sex hormone signaling mechanisms, neuroimmune interactions, epigenetics, social behavior, neurologic disease, psychological disorders, and stress. Discussions of research in both animal models and human patient populations are included. Details how sex hormones have widespread effects on the nervous system and influence the way males and females function Assists readers in determining how sex impacts their research and practice, and assists in determining how to adjust research programs to incorporate sex influences Includes discussions of research in both animal models and human patient populations, and at various developmental stages Features revised and updated chapters by leaders in the field around the globe—the broadest, most expert coverage available
Sex And The Developing Brain
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Author : Margaret McCarthy
language : en
Publisher: Biota Publishing
Release Date : 2010-08-01
Sex And The Developing Brain written by Margaret McCarthy and has been published by Biota Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-08-01 with Medical categories.
The brains of males and females, men and women, are different—that is a fact. What is debated is how different and how important those differences are. Sex differences in the brain are determined by genetics, hormones, and experience, which in humans includes culture, society, and parental and peer expectations. The importance of nonbiological variables to sex differences in humans is paramount, making it difficult if not impossible to parse out those contributions that are truly biological. The study of animals provides us the opportunity to understand the magnitude and scope of biologically based sex differences in the brain and understanding the cellular mechanisms provides us insight into novel sources of brain plasticity. Many sex differences are established during a developmental sensitive window by differences in the hormonal milieu of males versus females. The neonatal testis produces large amounts of testosterone, which gains access to the brain and is further metabolized into active androgens and estrogens, which modify brain development. Major parameters that are influenced by hormones include neurogenesis, cell death, neurochemical phenotype, axonal and dendritic growth, and synaptogenesis. Variance in these parameters results in sex differences in the size of particular brain regions, the projections between brain regions, and the number and type of synapses within particular brain regions. The cellular mechanisms are both region and endpoint specific and invoke many surprising systems such as prostaglandins, endocannabinoids, and cell death proteins. By understanding when, why, and how sex differences in the brain are established, we may also learn the source of strong gender biases in the relative risk and severity of numerous neurological diseases and disorders of mental health, including but not limited to autism, dyslexia, attention deficit disorder, schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s, and major depressive disorder. Table of Contents: Introduction / Sex Determination versus Sex Differentiation / Masculinization, Feminization, and Defeminization / Steroid Hormones Are Potent Modulators of Brain Development / Sex Differences in the Brain Are Established During a Developmental Sensitive Window / Sex Differences in Physiology and Behavior Are Coordinated / Knockouts of the Rule: Mice with Null Mutations of Steroid Receptors, Steroidogenic Enzymes, and Binding Proteins / Steroids Influence Multiple Endpoints to Organize the Brain / Cellular Mechanisms of Steroid-Mediated Organization of the Brain / Winged Messengers: Lessons from Birds and Flies / Sexual Differentiation of the Primate Brain / Sexual Differentiation of the Human Brain / Overcoming the Hegemony of Hormones: Genes Matter Too / The Value of Understanding the Effect of Sex on the Developing Brain / References
Sex Differences In Brain And Behavior
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Author : Cynthia L. Jordan
language : en
Publisher: Perspectives Cshl
Release Date : 2022-07-31
Sex Differences In Brain And Behavior written by Cynthia L. Jordan and has been published by Perspectives Cshl this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-07-31 with Brain categories.
"The extent to which there are differences between the sexes is an area of interest to physiologists, neuroscientists, and clinicians, as well as social scientists and the general public. This book examines recent research on the biological basis of sex differences, including differences in the brain, behavior, the immune system, and disease states"--
Sex And Gender Differences In Alzheimer S Disease
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Author : Maria Teresa Ferretti
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2021-07-23
Sex And Gender Differences In Alzheimer S Disease written by Maria Teresa Ferretti and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-07-23 with Medical categories.
Sex and Gender Differences in Alzheimer’s Disease: The Women’s Brain Project offers for the first time a critical overview of the evidence documenting sex and gender differences in Alzheimer’s disease neurobiology, biomarkers, clinical presentation, treatment, clinical trials and their outcomes, and socioeconomic impact on both patients and caregivers. This knowledge is crucial for clinical development, digital health solutions, as well as social and psychological support to Alzheimer’s disease families, in the frame of a precision medicine approach to Alzheimer’s disease.This book brings together up-to-date findings from a variety of experts, covering basic neuroscience, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, clinical trials development, socioeconomic factors, and psychosocial support. Alzheimer’s disease, the most common form of dementia, remains an unmet medical need for the planet. Wide interpersonal variability in disease onset, presentation, and biomarker profile make Alzheimer’s a clinical challenge to neuroscientists, clinicians, and drug developers alike, resulting in huge management costs for health systems and society. Not only do women represent the majority of Alzheimer’s disease patients, but they also represent two-thirds of caregivers. Understanding sex and gender differences in Alzheimer’s disease will lead to novel insights into disease mechanisms, and will be crucial for personalized disease management strategies and solutions, involving both the patient and their family. Endorsements/Reviews: "There is a clear sex and gender gap in outcomes for brain health disorders like Alzheimer’s disease, with strikingly negative outcomes for women. This understanding calls for a more systematic way of approaching this issue of inequality. This book effectively highlights and frames inequalities in all areas across the translational spectrum from bench-to-bedside and from boardroom-to-policy and economics. Closing the Brain Health Gap will help economies create recovery and prepare our systems for future global shocks." Harris A. Eyre MBBS, PhD, co-lead, Neuroscience-inspired Policy Initiative, OECD and PRODEO Institute. Instructor in Brain Health Diplomacy, Global Brain Health Institute, UCSF and TCD. "Sex and Gender Differences in Alzheimer's disease is the most important title to emerge on Alzheimer's disease in recent years.This comprehensive, multidisciplinary book is a must read for anyone with a serious interest in dementia prevention, diagnosis, treatment, care, cure and research. Precision medicine is the future of healthcare and this book represents an incredible and necessary resource to guide practice, policy and research in light of the fact that Alzheimer's disease disproportionately affects women. The combination of contributions from the most eminent experts and the most up-to-date research makes this an invaluable resource for clinicians, care providers, academics, researchers and policy makers. Given the complex nature of dementia and the multiple factors that influence risk and disease trajectory the scope of the book is both impressive and important covering sex differences in neurobiological processes, sex and gender differences in clinical aspects and gender differences linked to socioeconomic factors relevant to Alzheimer's disease. If you work in Alzheimer's disease, or indeed other dementias, then Sex and Gender Differences in Alzheimer's disease is a must have for your bookshelf." -- Sabina Brennan, PhD., C.Psychol.,PsSI., National representative for Ireland on Alzheimer Disease International's Medical and Scientific Advisory Panel
Neuroscience In The 21st Century
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Author : Donald W. Pfaff
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-10-27
Neuroscience In The 21st Century written by Donald W. Pfaff and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-10-27 with Medical categories.
Edited and authored by a wealth of international experts in neuroscience and related disciplines, this key new resource aims to offer medical students and graduate researchers around the world a comprehensive introduction and overview of modern neuroscience. Neuroscience research is certain to prove a vital element in combating mental illness in its various incarnations, a strategic battleground in the future of medicine, as the prevalence of mental disorders is becoming better understood each year. Hundreds of millions of people worldwide are affected by mental, behavioral, neurological and substance use disorders. The World Health Organization estimated in 2002 that 154 million people globally suffer from depression and 25 million people from schizophrenia; 91 million people are affected by alcohol use disorders and 15 million by drug use disorders. A more recent WHO report shows that 50 million people suffer from epilepsy and 24 million from Alzheimer’s and other dementias. Because neuroscience takes the etiology of disease—the complex interplay between biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors—as its object of inquiry, it is increasingly valuable in understanding an array of medical conditions. A recent report by the United States’ Surgeon General cites several such diseases: schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, early-onset depression, autism, attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder, anorexia nervosa, and panic disorder, among many others. Not only is this volume a boon to those wishing to understand the future of neuroscience, it also aims to encourage the initiation of neuroscience programs in developing countries, featuring as it does an appendix full of advice on how to develop such programs. With broad coverage of both basic science and clinical issues, comprising around 150 chapters from a diversity of international authors and including complementary video components, Neuroscience in the 21st Century in its second edition serves as a comprehensive resource to students and researchers alike.
Exploring The Biological Contributions To Human Health
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Author : Institute of Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2001-07-02
Exploring The Biological Contributions To Human Health written by Institute of Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-07-02 with Medical categories.
It's obvious why only men develop prostate cancer and why only women get ovarian cancer. But it is not obvious why women are more likely to recover language ability after a stroke than men or why women are more apt to develop autoimmune diseases such as lupus. Sex differences in health throughout the lifespan have been documented. Exploring the Biological Contributions to Human Health begins to snap the pieces of the puzzle into place so that this knowledge can be used to improve health for both sexes. From behavior and cognition to metabolism and response to chemicals and infectious organisms, this book explores the health impact of sex (being male or female, according to reproductive organs and chromosomes) and gender (one's sense of self as male or female in society). Exploring the Biological Contributions to Human Health discusses basic biochemical differences in the cells of males and females and health variability between the sexes from conception throughout life. The book identifies key research needs and opportunities and addresses barriers to research. Exploring the Biological Contributions to Human Health will be important to health policy makers, basic, applied, and clinical researchers, educators, providers, and journalists-while being very accessible to interested lay readers.
Sexual Differentiation Of The Brain
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Author : Robert W. Goy
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press (MA)
Release Date : 1979-12-01
Sexual Differentiation Of The Brain written by Robert W. Goy and has been published by MIT Press (MA) this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1979-12-01 with Medical categories.
Investigating the relative importance of genes, hormones, and environment in the formation of sexual behavior.
Sex And The Brain
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Author : Gillian Einstein
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2007-10-19
Sex And The Brain written by Gillian Einstein and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-10-19 with Medical categories.
A collection of foundational texts on the nature and behavioral consequences of sex differences in the brain, allowing readers to follow the development of a rapidly growing but contentious field and giving them the tools to analyze emerging scientific findings from many perspectives. This collection of foundational papers on sex differences in the brain traces the development of a much-invoked, fast-growing young field at the intersection of brain and behavior. The reader is introduced to the meaning and nature of sexual dimorphisms, the mechanisms and consequences of steroid hormone action, and the impact of the field on interpretations of sexuality and gender. Building on each other in point-counterpoint fashion, the papers tell a fascinating story of an emerging science working out its core assumptions. Experimental and theoretical papers, woven together by editor's introductions, open a window onto knowledge in the making and a vigorous debate between reductionist and pluralist interpreters. Five major sections include papers on conceptual and methodological background, central nervous system dimorphisms, mechanisms for creating dimorphisms, dimorphisms and cognition, and dimorphisms and identity. Each section builds from basic concepts to early experiments, from experimental models to humans, and from molecules to mind. Papers by such leading scholars as Arthur Arnold, Frank Beach, Anne Fausto-Sterling, Patricia Goldman-Rakic, Doreen Kimura, Simon LeVay, Bruce McEwen, Michael Merzenich, Bertram O'Malley, Geoffrey Raisman, and Dick Swaab, illustrate a rich blend of perspectives, approaches, methods, and findings. Sex and the Brain will show students how a scientific paper can be analyzed from many perspectives, and supply them with critical tools for judging a rapidly emerging science in a contentious area.
The Sexual Brain
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Author : Simon LeVay
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 1994-07-25
The Sexual Brain written by Simon LeVay and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994-07-25 with Medical categories.
Written with the same clarity, directness, and humor that have made Simon LeVay one of the most popular lecturers at Harvard Medical School and at the University of California, San Diego, The Sexual Brain examines the biological roots of human sexual behavior. It puts forward the compelling case that the diversity of human sexual feelings and behavior can best be understood in terms of the development, structure, and function of the brain circuits that produce them. Discarding all preconceptions about the motivation and purpose of sexuality, LeVay discusses the scientific evidence bearing on such questions as why we are sexual animals, what the brain mechanisms are that produce sexual behavior, how these mechanisms differ between men and women and how these differences develop, and finally, what determines a person's sexual orientation: genes, prenatal events, family environment, or early sexual experiences? The Sexual Brain is broad in scope, covering evolutionary theory, molecular genetics, endocrinology, brain structure and function, cognitive psychology, and development. It is unified by LeVay's thesis that human sexual behavior, in all its diversity, is rooted in biological mechanisms that can be explored by laboratory science. The book does not shy away from the complexities of the field, but it can be readily appreciated and enjoyed by anyone with an intelligent interest in sex.