The Principle Of The Common Cause
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The Principle Of The Common Cause
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Author : Gábor Hofer-Szabó
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2013-05-16
The Principle Of The Common Cause written by Gábor Hofer-Szabó and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-05-16 with Philosophy categories.
A conceptually and mathematically rigorous analysis of the common cause principle and its status in quantum theory.
Method Matters In Psychology
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Author : Brian D. Haig
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-09-25
Method Matters In Psychology written by Brian D. Haig and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-09-25 with Psychology categories.
This book applies a range of ideas about scientific discovery found in contemporary philosophy of science to psychology and related behavioral sciences. In doing so, it aims to advance our understanding of a host of important methodological ideas as they apply to those sciences. A philosophy of local scientific realism is adopted in favor of traditional accounts that are thought to apply to all sciences. As part of this philosophy, the implications of a commitment to philosophical naturalism are spelt out, and a correspondence theory of truth is defended by showing how it helps explain various features of scientific practice. The central chapter of the book presents a broad theory of scientific method that comprises the detection of empirical phenomena and their subsequent understanding by constructing explanatory theories through the use of abductive methods. This theory of scientific method is then used as a framework to reconstruct the well-known qualitative method of grounded theory, and to present a systematic perspective on clinical reasoning and case formulation. Relatedly, an abductive or explanationist understanding of methods is employed to evaluate the knowledge credentials of evolutionary psychology. In addition, the conceptual and methodological foundations of a variety of quantitative methods are examined. Exploratory factor analysis and tests of statistical significance are given special attention.
By Parallel Reasoning
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Author : Paul Bartha
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2010-03-17
By Parallel Reasoning written by Paul Bartha and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-03-17 with Philosophy categories.
In By Parallel Reasoning Paul Bartha proposes a normative theory of analogical arguments and raises questions and proposes answers regarding (i.) criteria for evaluating analogical arguments, (ii.) the philosophical justification for analogical reasoning, and (iii.) the place of scientific analogies in the context of theoretical confirmation.
Probabilities Causes And Propensities In Physics
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Author : Mauricio Suárez
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2010-12-06
Probabilities Causes And Propensities In Physics written by Mauricio Suárez and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-12-06 with Science categories.
This volume defends a novel approach to the philosophy of physics: it is the first book devoted to a comparative study of probability, causality, and propensity, and their various interrelations, within the context of contemporary physics -- particularly quantum and statistical physics. The philosophical debates and distinctions are firmly grounded upon examples from actual physics, thus exemplifying a robustly empiricist approach. The essays, by both prominent scholars in the field and promising young researchers, constitute a pioneer effort in bringing out the connections between probabilistic, causal and dispositional aspects of the quantum domain. The book will appeal to specialists in philosophy and foundations of physics, philosophy of science in general, metaphysics, ontology of physics theories, and philosophy of probability.
Investigating The Psychological World
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Author : Brian D. Haig
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2014-04-04
Investigating The Psychological World written by Brian D. Haig and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-04-04 with Psychology categories.
A broad theory of research methodology for psychology and the behavioral sciences that offers a coherent treatment of a range of behavioral research methods. This book considers scientific method in the behavioral sciences, with particular reference to psychology. Psychologists learn about research methods and use them to conduct their research, but their training teaches them little about the nature of scientific method itself. In Investigating the Psychological World, Brian Haig fills this gap. Drawing on behavioral science methodology, the philosophy of science, and statistical theory, Haig constructs a broad theory of scientific method that has particular relevance for the behavioral sciences. He terms this account of method the abductive theory of method (ATOM) in recognition of the importance it assigns to explanatory reasoning. ATOM offers the framework for a coherent treatment of a range of quantitative and qualitative behavioral research methods, giving equal treatment to data-analytic methods and methods of theory construction. Haig draws on the new experimentalism in the philosophy of science to reconstruct the process of phenomena detection as it applies to psychology; he considers the logic and purpose of exploratory factor analysis; he discusses analogical modeling as a means of theory development; and he recommends the use of inference to the best explanation for evaluating theories in psychology. Finally, he outlines the nature of research problems, discusses the nature of the abductive method, and describes applications of the method to grounded theory method and clinical reasoning. The book will be of interest not only to philosophers of science but also to psychological researchers who want to deepen their conceptual understanding of research methods and methodological concerns.
Reconstructing The Past
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Author : Elliott Sober
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 1991-02-05
Reconstructing The Past written by Elliott Sober and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991-02-05 with Psychology categories.
Reconstructing the Past seeks to clarify and help resolve the vexing methodological issues that arise when biologists try to answer such questions as whether human beings are more closely related to chimps than they are to gorillas. It explores the case for considering the philosophical idea of simplicity/parsimony as a useful principle for evaluating taxonomic theories of evolutionary relationships. For the past two decades, evolutionists have been vigorously debating the appropriate methods that should be used in systematics, the field that aims at reconstructing phylogenetic relationships among species. This debate over phylogenetic inference, Elliott Sober observes, raises broader questions of hypothesis testing and theory evaluation that run head on into long standing issues concerning simplicity/parsimony in the philosophy of science. Sober treats the problem of phylogenetic inference as a detailed case study in which the philosophical idea of simplicity/parsimony can be tested as a principle of theory evaluation. Bringing together philosophy and biology, as well as statistics, Sober builds a general framework for understanding the circumstances in which parsimony makes sense as a tool of phylogenetic inference. Along the way he provides a detailed critique of parsimony in the biological literature, exploring the strengths and limitations of both statistical and nonstatistical cladistic arguments.
From A Biological Point Of View
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Author : Elliott Sober
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1994-09-30
From A Biological Point Of View written by Elliott Sober and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994-09-30 with Philosophy categories.
Elliott Sober is one of the leading philosophers of science and is a former winner of the Lakatos Prize, the major award in the field. This new collection of essays will appeal to a readership that extends well beyond the frontiers of the philosophy of science. Sober shows how ideas in evolutionary biology bear in significant ways on traditional problems in philosophy of mind and language, epistemology, and metaphysics. Amongst the topics addressed are psychological egoism, solipsism, and the interpretation of belief and utterance, empiricism, Ockham's razor, causality, essentialism, and scientific laws. The collection will prove invaluable to a wide range of philosophers, primarily those working in the philosophy of science, the philosophy of mind, and epistemology.
A Companion To The Philosophy Of History And Historiography
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Author : Aviezer Tucker
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2011-06-28
A Companion To The Philosophy Of History And Historiography written by Aviezer Tucker and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-06-28 with Philosophy categories.
A COMPANION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF HISTORY AND HISTORIOGRAPHY The philosophy of historiography examines our representations and knowledge of the past, the relation between evidence, inference, explanation and narrative. Do we possess knowledge of the past? Do we just have probable beliefs about the past, or is historiography a piece of convincing fiction? The philosophy of history is the direct philosophical examination of history, whether it is necessary or contingent, whether it has a direction or whether it is coincidental, and if it has a direction, what it is, and how and why it is unfolding? The fifty entries in this Companion cover the main issues in the philosophies of historiography and history, including natural history and the practices of historians. Written by an international and multi-disciplinary group of experts, these clearly written entries present a cutting-edge updated picture of current research in the philosophies of historiography and history. This Companion will be of interest to philosophers, historians, natural historians, and social scientists.
The Direction Of Time
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Author : Hans Reichenbach
language : en
Publisher: Courier Corporation
Release Date : 2012-10-10
The Direction Of Time written by Hans Reichenbach and has been published by Courier Corporation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-10-10 with Science categories.
Distinguished physicist examines emotive significance of time, time order of mechanics, time direction of thermodynamics and microstatistics, time direction of macrostatistics, time of quantum physics, more. 1971 edition.
Foundations Of Bayesianism
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Author : D. Corfield
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-14
Foundations Of Bayesianism written by D. Corfield and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-14 with Science categories.
Foundations of Bayesianism is an authoritative collection of papers addressing the key challenges that face the Bayesian interpretation of probability today. Some of these papers seek to clarify the relationships between Bayesian, causal and logical reasoning. Others consider the application of Bayesianism to artificial intelligence, decision theory, statistics and the philosophy of science and mathematics. The volume includes important criticisms of Bayesian reasoning and also gives an insight into some of the points of disagreement amongst advocates of the Bayesian approach. The upshot is a plethora of new problems and directions for Bayesians to pursue. The book will be of interest to graduate students or researchers who wish to learn more about Bayesianism than can be provided by introductory textbooks to the subject. Those involved with the applications of Bayesian reasoning will find essential discussion on the validity of Bayesianism and its limits, while philosophers and others interested in pure reasoning will find new ideas on normativity and the logic of belief.