The Role Of Physical And Biological Gut Barriers In Modulating Crosstalk Between The Microbiota And The Immune System
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The Role Of Physical And Biological Gut Barriers In Modulating Crosstalk Between The Microbiota And The Immune System
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Author : Marika Falcone
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2024-07-29
The Role Of Physical And Biological Gut Barriers In Modulating Crosstalk Between The Microbiota And The Immune System written by Marika Falcone and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-07-29 with Medical categories.
The intestine has several means for maintaining immune homeostasis and for avoiding inflammation despite massive antigenic stimulation by food components and by commensal bacteria residing in the gut mucosa. These mechanisms include physical and biological barriers such as (i) the intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB); (ii) the gut vascular barrier (GVB) and (iii) the mucus layer. In particular, the mucus layer does not simply act as a diffusion barrier but has important dynamic functions that regulate the type of commensal bacteria residing in the inner mucus layer, enabling the passage of food and bacterial products into the gut tissue and systemic circulation. Importantly, the mucosal layer also has key immune regulatory functions. A healthy mucus structure is fundamental for promoting the presence of beneficial commensal bacteria, such as the short-chain fatty acids (SCFA)-producing bacteria which are known to promote immune tolerance. Moreover, the mucus layer contains anti-microbial peptides (AMPs) and mucins that have key immune modulatory functions. The integrated response of these combined defense systems is fundamental for containing microbes and their products within the intestine; for avoiding their systemic spread and for suppressing their capacity to activate systemic immune and autoimmune responses.
Physical And Biological Barriers At The Interface Between The Gut Microbiome And The Immune System
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Author : Marika Falcone
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2025-07-18
Physical And Biological Barriers At The Interface Between The Gut Microbiome And The Immune System written by Marika Falcone and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-07-18 with Medical categories.
The gut environment is fundamental to the modulation of innate and adaptive immunity, not only in the intestinal mucosa, but systemically. Immune cells constantly circulate through the intestinal tissue and gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), where their phenotype and function are regulated by several factors, including but not limited to the commensal gut microbiota. The host-microbiome interaction, and the role of the gut microbiota in modulating innate and adaptive immunity in the intestinal mucosa and systemically, has been amply described in recent literature and reviews. This contributed volume instead explores the cutting-edge concept that gut microbiota composition is only one of the actors in intestinal immune regulation, and that several other factors -- both genetic and environmental -- modulate innate and adaptive immunity within the intestine. Each chapter in this volume addresses the various intestinal factors modulating immunity, including food components, endogenous metabolites, biological gut barrier components, and enteric neuroimmune circuits, individually and within the context of their integration with systemic components affecting immune cell phenotypes and function. In addition, it will more broadly address the role of the physical and biological barriers as key players in the interaction between immune cells and the intestinal environment, including coverage of cutting-edge in vivo technologies that have allowed the characterization of these interactions. The final chapters are dedicated to understanding how gut environment modifications are involved, and can be therapeutically manipulated in different diseases settings, including targeting the gut environment to regular response in anti-tumor immunity, fighting infections, and controlling autoimmune diseases.
Organ Crosstalk In Acute Kidney Injury
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Author : Carlos Guido Musso
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2023-09-12
Organ Crosstalk In Acute Kidney Injury written by Carlos Guido Musso and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-09-12 with Medical categories.
This is an original work dedicated to an important and current topic in nephrology: organ crosstalk in acute renal injury. Acute kidney injury is a prevalent and serious syndrome. The related mortality to this syndrome has not been significantly reduced in the last decades despite the advances in renal replacement therapy technology. For this reason, a new approach to obtain an effective treatment is urgently needed. The organ crosstalk perspective could be useful in order to achieve this objective since it implies a very early acute kidney injury diagnose and treatment. This book includes a comprehensive review of the organ crosstalk perspective in acute kidney injury. Organized in two parts, the chapters in the first part present general subjects as an introduction to analysing the crosstalk concept. These chapters give an overview of the concepts of biosemiotics, hormones, neurotransmitters, cytokines, signalling and adhesion molecules, organ intercommunication, and epigenetics. The second part gathers chapters on the different kidney crosstalk, such as brain, lung, heart, liver, gut, and placenta. Finally, there is a chapter dedicated to the influence of renal replacement treatment on kidney crosstalk. Since acute kidney injury is a topic of interest to many health professionals, this work will be a useful resource to general practitioners, internal medicine physicians, geriatricians, nephrologists, critical care therapists, immunologists, and also biologists and bioengineers.
The Gut Liver Axis The Main Role Of Microbiome In Liver Diseases
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Author : Giovanni Tarantino
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2025-03-25
The Gut Liver Axis The Main Role Of Microbiome In Liver Diseases written by Giovanni Tarantino and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-03-25 with Science categories.
The Gut-Liver Axis describes a bidirectional interaction between the gut comprehending its mi-crobiome and the liver, in which gut-derived molecules and/or by-products are transported to the hepatocytes through the portal vein and the liver responds to the gut through the biliary system. Intestinal ecological dysbiosis refers to alterations in the intestinal flora characterized by changes in the intestinal bacterial taxa, and bacterial overgrowth itself may lead to impaired small intesti-nal motility. The integrity of this intestinal mucosal barrier and the physiological composition of the intestinal microbiome is essential for maintaining homeostasis of the gut-liver axis and its al-terations may impact on several liver diseases, such as NAFLD, liver cirrhosis and hepatocarcino-ma. Last but not the least, intestinal dysbiosis has a key role in modulating the hepatotoxicity (DILI) of clinically relevant drugs through various mechanisms that include changes in absorption, metabolism and effects on drug-drug interactions. With this research topic we aim to gather new pieces of evidence on the potential mechanisms ex-plaining the connection between gut flora dysbiosis and liver damage: 1. The impairment of hepatocyte survival by toxic compounds generated by intestinal bacteria 2. The triggering of immune/inflammatory processes by toxic compounds generated by dysbiotic bacteria in the gut and transported to the liver 3. The genotoxicity on liver cells of gut bacterial mediators 4. The epigenetic modifications in the hepatocytes induced by intestinal bacteria 5. The impairment of the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids 6. The connection between microbiota-induced NAFLD/NASH and the risk of DILI 7. The conversion of orally-given drugs into toxic metabolites through bacterial metabolism taking place in the gut lumen 8. The disruption of the integrity of the epithelial intestinal barrier with the consequent bacte-rial translocation through a direct action of drugs on the intestinal mucosa 9. The modulation by the gut microbiota of the rewarding potential of hepatotoxic drugs of abuse leading to an increase in craving for these substances and ultimately in their intake and liver toxicity 10. The hypothesis that strategies aiming to modify the composition of gut microbiota with probiotics/prebiotics/symbiotics could ameliorate or prevent liver diseases.
The Interplay Of Microbiome And Immune Response In Health And Diseases
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Author : Gwendolyn Barcel´o-Coblijn
language : en
Publisher: MDPI
Release Date : 2019-11-06
The Interplay Of Microbiome And Immune Response In Health And Diseases written by Gwendolyn Barcel´o-Coblijn and has been published by MDPI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-11-06 with Medical categories.
[Increasing evidence suggests that microbiota and especially the gut microbiota (the microbes inhabiting the gut including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi) plays a key role in human physiology and pathology. Recent findings indicate how dysbiosis—an imbalance in the composition and organization of microbial populations—could severely impact the development of different medical conditions (from metabolic to mood disorders), providing new insights into the comprehension of diverse diseases, such as IBD, obesity, asthma, autism, stroke, diabetes, and cancer. Given that microbial cells in the gut outnumber host cells, microbiota influences human physiology both functionally and structurally. Microbial metabolites bridge various—even distant—areas of the organism by way of the immune and hormone system. For instance, it is now clear that the mutual interaction between the gastrointestinal tract and the brain (gut–brain axis), often involves gut microbiota, indicating that the crosstalk between the organism and its microbial residents represents a fundamental aspect of both the establishment and maintenance of healthy conditions. Moreover, it is crucial to recognize that beyond the intestinal tract, microbiota populates other host organs and tissues (e.g., skin and oral mucosa). We have edited this eBook with the aim of publishing manuscripts focusing on the impact of microbiota in the development of different diseases and their associated treatments.]
Genetic Analysis Of Animal Models To Understand The Genomic Architecture Of Substance Use Disorders
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Author : Gary T. Hardiman
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2022-11-03
Genetic Analysis Of Animal Models To Understand The Genomic Architecture Of Substance Use Disorders written by Gary T. Hardiman and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-11-03 with Medical categories.
Oral Immune Enhancing Research In Fish
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Author : Jorge Galindo-Villegas
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2022-04-01
Oral Immune Enhancing Research In Fish written by Jorge Galindo-Villegas and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-04-01 with Medical categories.
Vitamin D
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Author : Adrian F. Gombart
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2012-11-21
Vitamin D written by Adrian F. Gombart and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-11-21 with Medical categories.
Vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency is a worldwide, public health problem in both developed and developing countries. Rickets among infants has reemerged. Low levels of vitamin D are associated with increased risk and mortality from cancer. At the same time, the beneficial effects of vitamin D on a host of conditions have recently been discovered. Focusing on areas not extensively covered in other comparable books, Vitamin D: Oxidative Stress, Immunity, and Aging highlights the most recent research findings on the impact of this nutrient in oxidative stress, immunity, and aging. A state-of-the-art compilation of essential information, this book explores: Vitamin D and its genomic and nongenomic effects, the role of therapeutic analogs in treating disease, and the production of vitamin D by the body The role vitamin D plays in modulating oxidative stress—with emphasis on cancer, stress-mediated diseases, photo-protection of the skin, and energy metabolism Beneficial effects of vitamin D in regulating the immune response and its importance in protecting against autoimmune, infectious, and inflammatory diseases The role vitamin D plays in the regulation of the aging process—including aspects of oxidative stress, senescence, and mortality, as well as its role in protection against cardiovascular disease and nervous system disorders This book represents an important contribution toward understanding the mechanisms by which vitamin D promotes health, increasing awareness of the importance that vitamin D plays during development, at birth, and throughout the aging process. It is a valuable reference for researchers in academia, nutrition, medicine, and industry.
Microbial Endocrinology The Microbiota Gut Brain Axis In Health And Disease
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Author : Mark Lyte
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-07-05
Microbial Endocrinology The Microbiota Gut Brain Axis In Health And Disease written by Mark Lyte and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-07-05 with Science categories.
The field of microbial endocrinology is expressly devoted to understanding the mechanisms by which the microbiota (bacteria within the microbiome) interact with the host (“us”). This interaction is a two-way street and the driving force that governs these interactions are the neuroendocrine products of both the host and the microbiota. Chapters include neuroendocrine hormone-induced changes in gene expression and microbial endocrinology and probiotics. This is the first in a series of books dedicated to understanding how bi-directional communication between host and bacteria represents the cutting edge of translational medical research, and hopefully identifies new ways to understand the mechanisms that determine health and disease.
Exploring Frontiers Astroparticle Space Science And Public Health For Future Crewed Space Missions
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Author : Alessandro Bartoloni
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2025-07-30
Exploring Frontiers Astroparticle Space Science And Public Health For Future Crewed Space Missions written by Alessandro Bartoloni and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-07-30 with Science categories.
This collection of papers adopts a forward-looking approach, emphasizing the interdisciplinary nature of space radiobiology projects in anticipation of the impending era of crewed space exploration. As humanity prepares for missions beyond Low Earth Orbit, these papers aim to provide valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities associated with space travel, with a specific focus on the health and well-being of astronauts during and post-mission. The collection accepts original research papers and review papers related to the following topics (but not limited to): - The examination of all health risks posed by galactic cosmic rays is particularly welcome, offering critical perspectives on the public health implications of prolonged space missions. - Understanding the multifaceted aspects of space radiobiology, addressing not only the immediate concerns for astronauts in space but also the broader societal implications upon their return to Earth. - Specific research outcomes and the pivotal role of astroparticle experiments and other space missions in enhancing our understanding of the biological risks associated with prolonged exposure to ionizing radiation in space. - Collaborative initiatives on a global scale showcasing the interconnected network of scientific inquiry characterizing the planning and organization of BLEO crewed space missions. - The public health implications of past, present, and future crewed space exploration missions, correlating these missions with their potential to enhance and improve the field of space medicine knowledge. - Innovative approaches for future missions that can provide valuable insights into optimizing astronaut health and well-being in the challenging space environment. - The historical context and ongoing advancements contributing to the evolving landscape of interdisciplinary research in space radiobiology and health considerations for crewed space missions. This collection serves as a platform for researchers and scholars to contribute to the dynamic landscape of interdisciplinary research, guiding the scientific exploration into the new frontiers of crewed space missions. Researchers are invited to submit their manuscripts to contribute to this evolving and crucial area of study.