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The Tight Junction And Its Proteins More Than Just A Barrier

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The Tight Junction And Its Proteins More Than Just A Barrier

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Author : Michael Fromm
language : en
Publisher: MDPI
Release Date : 2020-11-20

The Tight Junction And Its Proteins More Than Just A Barrier written by Michael Fromm and has been published by MDPI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-11-20 with Medical categories.

For a long time, the tight junction (TJ) was known to form and regulate the paracellular barrier between epithelia and endothelial cell sheets. Starting shortly after the discovery of the proteins forming the TJ—mainly the two families of claudins and TAMPs—several other functions have been discovered, a striking one being the surprising finding that some claudins form paracellular channels for small ions and/or water. This Special Issue includes 43 articles covering numerous dedicated topics including pathogens affecting the TJ barrier, TJ regulation via immune cells, the TJ as a therapeutic target, TJ and cell polarity, function and regulation by proteins of the tricellular TJ, TJ as a regulator of cellular processes, organ- and tissue-specific functions, TJ as sensors and reacting to environmental conditions, and last but not least, TJ proteins and cancer.

Molecular Biology Of The Cell

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004

Molecular Biology Of The Cell written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Cells categories.

The Tight Junction And Its Proteins More Than Just A Barrier

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Author : Michael Fromm
language : en
Publisher: MDPI
Release Date : 2020-11-20

Biology And Regulation Of Blood Tissue Barriers

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Author : C. Yan Cheng
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2014-01-25

Biology And Regulation Of Blood Tissue Barriers written by C. Yan Cheng and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-01-25 with Medical categories.

This book was written by many outstanding investigators who have spent decades to study different aspects of blood‐tissue barrier function. They have summarized some of the latest and fascinating development in their fields of research including the blood‐brain barrier, the blood‐retinal barrier, the gut barrier, the blood‐biliary barrier, the blood‐follicle barrier, the blood‐epididymis barrier, the blood‐testis barrier, the tight junction barrier in general as well as barriers in the female reproductive tract. Included are also chapters that focus on topics that are physiologically applicable to all blood‐tissue barriers. Many of these chapters also include information on specific human diseases, such as pathological changes of the gut barrier that cause bowel disorders resulting from inflammation of the epithelial lining in the intestine, and infertility in men as a result of disruption of the blood‐epididymal and/or blood‐testis barriers; and on new therapeutic approaches (e.g., drug delivery across the blood‐brain and the blood‐retinal barriers).

Retinal Pharmacotherapy E Book

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Author : Quan Dong Nguyen
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
Release Date : 2010-02-26

Retinal Pharmacotherapy E Book written by Quan Dong Nguyen and has been published by Elsevier Health Sciences this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-02-26 with Medical categories.

Retinal Pharmacotherapy is the first comprehensive book devoted to pharmacologic agents and their rationale and mechanisms of action in selected retinal and uveitic diseases. Drs. Quan Dong Nguyen, Eduardo Buchele Rodrigues, Michel Eid Farah, and William F. Mieler lead an international team of expert contributors to present up-to-date knowledge of new drugs on the market, the science behind the drugs, evidence of how the drugs work, and the reasons why they are effective or not. This user-friendly, all-in-one reference provides you with easy access to practical information on the effective and appropriate use of pharmacologic agents in the management of retinal diseases. Covers all new and existing retinal drugs to keep you current in this expanding area of the treatment of retinal diseases. Discusses the background behind retinal drugs and the various pathways of how they work so you can make thoroughly informed clinical decisions. Presents 400 color photographs and line drawings that illustrate disease appearance before and after treatment and clarify difficult key concepts. Features contributors from Europe, North America, South America, the Middle East, Asia, and Australia for an international approach. Identifies and emphasizes key points clearly in each chapter to improve comprehension and make finding information easier.

Tight Junctions

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Author : Lorenza González-Mariscal
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2007-02-26

Tight Junctions written by Lorenza González-Mariscal and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-02-26 with Science categories.

ight junctions (TJs) are cell-ceil adhesion belts that encircle epithelial and endothelial cells at the limit between the apical and the lateral Tmembrane. These junctions are crucial for the establishment of separate compartments in multicellular organisms and for the exchange of substances between the internal milieu and the external environment. The perception of TJs has changed over the years. From being regarded as static paracellular seals, they have come to be perceived as dynamic structures that adjust their morphol ogy and function in response to physiological, pharmacological and pathologi cal challenges. The roles that TJs play in epithelial and endothelial cells has also widened, and nowadays this structure is regarded not only as a fence that limits within the membrane, the movement of proteins and lipids between the apical and basolateral membranes, or as a gate that regulates in a size and charge selec tive manner the transit of ion and molecules through the paracellular pathway, but also as a structure integrated by molecules that participate in the control of cell proliferation. These observations highlight the importance of understand ing TJ physiology in order to develop effective strategies for the treatment of pathological conditions such as cancer and autoimmune diseases. This broader perception of TJs is reflected in all the chapters of the book and has been attained thanks to the identification in recent years of a wide array of proteins that constitute TJs in epithelial and endothelial cells as well as in central nervous system myelin.

Inflammatory Bowel Disease

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Author : Stephan R. Targan
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2011-08-24

Inflammatory Bowel Disease written by Stephan R. Targan and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-08-24 with Medical categories.

This is the state-of–the-art book on inflammatory bowel disease you have been waiting for Written and edited by international experts in gastroenterology this up-to-date volume provides a complete review of the basic science behind inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), as well as evidence-based clinical guidance on diagnosis, treatment and long-term management of IBD. In 50 chapters the authors cover the latest and most promising treatment modalities and the science behind them. There are chapters which cover the advances in the medical and surgical treatment of conditions such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, as well as chapters focusing on nutrition, imaging and complementary medicine. This is an invaluable information resource for all those in the medical team treating patients with IBD. Whether you are a gastroenterologist, gastrointestinal surgeon or GI nurse specialist this book deserves a place in your library.

Cerebral Endothelial And Glial Cells Are More Than Bricks In The Great Wall Of The Brain Insights Into The Way The Blood Brain Barrier Actually Works Celebrating The Centenary Of Goldman S Experiments

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Author : Elena García-Martín
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2015-07-02

Cerebral Endothelial And Glial Cells Are More Than Bricks In The Great Wall Of The Brain Insights Into The Way The Blood Brain Barrier Actually Works Celebrating The Centenary Of Goldman S Experiments written by Elena García-Martín and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-07-02 with Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry categories.

When Ehrlich discovered the first evidence of the blood-brain barrier in 1885, he probably did not perceive the Great Wall that remained hidden from consciousness inside the central nervous system. Ehrlich had observed that acidic vital dyes did not stain the brain if they were injected into the blood stream. A century ago (1913), Goldman showed that the injection of trypan blue in the cerebrospinal fluid stained only the brain, but not the other organs. For almost a century it was thought that the blood-brain barrier (BBB) consisted in a physical barrier, resulting from the restricted permeability of the cerebral endothelial cell layer, as they are joined by tight junctions. However, as scientists are always looking for news in what is already discovered, in the end of the 20th century we had evidences that cerebral endothelial and glial cells express several drug metabolizing enzymes consisting in a second protection system: a metabolic barrier. Furthermore, the drugs and their metabolites must overcome the activity of several multidrug resistance proteins that function as ATP-dependent efflux pumps, consisting in the third line of defence: the active barrier. Therefore, the way the BBB actually works should be better explained. Several endogenous compounds, as well as xenobiotics, may be activated by enzymes of the metabolic barrier, generating reactive oxygen species that could damage neurons. Therefore, endothelial and glial cells possess endogenous protecting compounds and enzymes against oxidants, consisting in an antioxidant barrier. When all these systems fail, glial cells, mainly microglia, secrete cytokines in an attempt to crosstalk with defence cells asking for help, which consists in an immune barrier. In cerebral regions that are devoid of the physical barrier, such as circumventricular organs, the metabolic, active, antioxidant and immune barriers are reinforced. It is important to understand how cells involved in the BBB interact with one another and the dynamic mechanisms of their functions. This Research Topic published in this e-Book considers recent highlights in BBB structure, cell and molecular biology, biotransformation, physiology, pathology, pharmacology, immunology and how these basic knowledges can be applied in drug discovery and clinical researches, rewriting what is already written, and paving the way that goes to the Great Wall in the Frontiers of the Brain in this new century that is just beginning.

Cell Biology E Book

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Author : Thomas D. Pollard
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
Release Date : 2022-12-13

Cell Biology E Book written by Thomas D. Pollard and has been published by Elsevier Health Sciences this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-12-13 with Science categories.

Reader-friendly Cell Biology, 4th Edition, provides a concise but comprehensive foundation for students entering research or health care career paths. Award winning illustrations help readers quickly grasp general principles. The authors have thoroughly updated this popular text to provide readers with the current understanding of the principles of normal cellular function along with examples of how molecular defects predispose to human disease. Major new themes in the 4th edition include the roles of intrinsically disordered polypeptides and phase separation in cellular functions, the influence of new molecular structures on understanding mechanisms, and the impact of exciting new methods—from single cell RNA sequencing to second generation super resolution fluorescence microscopy—on advancing our understanding. - Clear, readable explanations provide a concise story about how cells function at the molecular level - An intuitive chapter flow starts with genome organization, gene expression, and RNA processing as a foundation for understanding every aspect of cellular function and physiology - Brings cellular biology to life for students interested in medical science by explaining how mutations in genes can compromise virtually every cellular system and predispose to human disease. Knowledge of cell biology has led to new treatments for cancer, heart failure, cystic fibrosis, and many other diseases - Unique illustrations with realistic proportions and relationships explain every cellular process including the assembly of SARS CoV-2, the structures attaching mitotic chromosomes to microtubules, the mechanism of DNA replication and how pumps, carriers and channels orchestrate physiological processes from synaptic transmission to cellular volume regulation - Covers exciting breakthroughs such as SMC motor proteins actively organizing chromosomal DNA, TOR kinases regulating metabolism, new types of immunotherapy for cancer treatment, mechanisms regulating fast axonal transport and their relation to neurodegenerative diseases, how completion of DNA replication sets the time for cells to enter mitosis, how a cascade of signals specifies the site of cell division, and newly understood pathways of normal and pathological cell death - Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices

Ways To Improve Tumor Uptake And Penetration Of Drugs Into Solid Tumors

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Author : Fabrizio Marcucci
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers E-books
Release Date : 2014-12-05

Ways To Improve Tumor Uptake And Penetration Of Drugs Into Solid Tumors written by Fabrizio Marcucci and has been published by Frontiers E-books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-12-05 with Cancer categories.

The main scope of this topic is to give an update on pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic approaches to enhance uptake and penetration of cancer drugs into tumors. Inadequate accumulation of drugs in tumors has emerged over the last decade as one of the main problems underlying therapeutic failure and drug resistance in the treatment of cancer. Insufficient drug uptake and penetration is causally related to the abnormal tumor architecture. Thus, poor vascularization, increased resistance to blood flow and impaired blood supply represent a first obstacle to the delivery of antitumor drugs to tumor tissue. Decreased or even inverted transvascular pressure gradients compromise convective delivery of drugs. Eventually, an abnormal extracellular matrix offers increased frictional resistance to tumor drug penetration. Abnormal tumor architecture also changes the biology of tumor cells, which contributes to drug resistance through several different mechanisms. The variability in vessel location and structure can make many areas of the tumor hypoxic, which causes the tumor cells to become quiescent and thereby resistant to many antitumor drugs. In addition, the abnormally long distance of part of the tumor cell population from blood vessels provides a challenge to delivering cancer drugs to these cells. We have recently proposed additional mechanisms of tumor drug resistance, which are also related to abnormal tumor architecture. First, increased interstitial fluid pressure can by itself induce drug resistance through the induction of resistance-promoting paracrine factors. Second, the interaction of drug molecules with vessel- proximal tumor cell layers may also induce the release of these factors, which can spread throughout the cancer, and induce drug resistance in tumor cells distant from blood vessels. As can be seen, abnormal tumor architecture, inadequate drug accumulation and tumor drug resistance are tightly linked phenomena, suggesting the need to normalize the tumor architecture, including blood vessels, and/or increase the accumulation of cancer drugs in tumors in order to increase therapeutic effects. Indeed, several classes of drugs (that we refer to as promoter drugs) have been described, that promote tumor uptake and penetration of antitumor drugs, including those that are vasoactive, modify the barrier function of tumor vessels, debulk tumor cells, and overcome intercellular and stromal barriers. In addition, also non-pharmacologic approaches have been described that enhance tumor accumulation of effector drugs (e.g. convection-enhanced delivery, hyperthermia, etc.). Some drugs that have already received regulatory approval (e.g. the anti-VEGF antibody bevacizumab) exert antitumor effects at least in part through normalization of the tumor vasculature and enhancement of the accumulation of effector drugs. Other drugs, acting through different mechanisms of action, are now in clinical development (e.g. NGR-TNF in phase II/III studies) and others are about to enter clinical investigation (e.g. JO-1).

The Tight Junction And Its Proteins More Than Just A Barrier

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