Time Correlated Single Photon Counting
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Time Correlated Single Photon Counting
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Author : Desmond O'Connor
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2012-12-02
Time Correlated Single Photon Counting written by Desmond O'Connor and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-02 with Science categories.
Time-correlated Single Photon Counting has been written in the hope that by relating the authors' experiences with a variety of different single photon counting systems, they may provide a useful service to users and potential users of this formidably sensitive technique. Of all the techniques available to obtain information on the rates of depopulation of excited electronic singlet states of molecular species, monitoring of fluorescence provides, in principle, the simplest and most direct measure of concentration. This volume comprises eight chapters, with the first focusing on the time dependence and applications of fluorescence. Succeeding chapters go on to discuss basic principles of the single photon counting lifetime measurement; light sources; photomultipliers; electronics; data analysis; nanosecond time-resolved emission spectroscopy; time dependence of fluorescence anisotropy. This book will be of interest to practitioners in the field of chemistry.
Advanced Photon Counting
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Author : Peter Kapusta
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-04-23
Advanced Photon Counting written by Peter Kapusta and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-04-23 with Science categories.
This volume focuses on Time-Correlated Single Photon Counting (TCSPC), a powerful tool allowing luminescence lifetime measurements to be made with high temporal resolution, even on single molecules. Combining spectrum and lifetime provides a “fingerprint” for identifying such molecules in the presence of a background. Used together with confocal detection, this permits single-molecule spectroscopy and microscopy in addition to ensemble measurements, opening up an enormous range of hot life science applications such as fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) and measurement of Förster Resonant Energy Transfer (FRET) for the investigation of protein folding and interaction. Several technology-related chapters present both the basics and current state-of-the-art, in particular of TCSPC electronics, photon detectors and lasers. The remaining chapters cover a broad range of applications and methodologies for experiments and data analysis, including the life sciences, defect centers in diamonds, super-resolution microscopy, and optical tomography. The chapters detailing new options arising from the combination of classic TCSPC and fluorescence lifetime with methods based on intensity fluctuation represent a particularly unique highlight.
Advanced Time Correlated Single Photon Counting Techniques
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Author : Wolfgang Becker
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2005-12-19
Advanced Time Correlated Single Photon Counting Techniques written by Wolfgang Becker and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-12-19 with Science categories.
In 1984 Desmond O’Connor and David Phillips published their comprehensive book „Time-correlated Single Photon Counting“. At that time time-correlated s- gle photon counting, or TCSPC, was used primarily to record fluorescence decay functions of dye solutions in cuvettes. From the beginning, TCSPC was an am- ingly sensitive and accurate technique with excellent time-resolution. However, acquisition times were relatively slow due to the low repetition rate of the light sources and the limited speed of the electronics of the 70s and early 80s. Moreover, TCSPC was intrinsically one-dimensional, i.e. limited to the recording of the wa- form of a periodic light signal. Even with these limitations, it was a wonderful te- nique. More than 20 years have elapsed, and electronics and laser techniques have made impressive progress. The number of transistors on a single chip has approximately doubled every 18 months, resulting in a more than 1,000-fold increase in compl- ity and speed. The repetition rate and power of pulsed light sources have increased by about the same factor.
Single Molecule Spectroscopy
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Author : R. Rigler
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Single Molecule Spectroscopy written by R. Rigler and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
One often hears that nanoscience or, in other words, the knowledge and control of matter at length scales of a few nanometers, will be the scientific frontier of the 21st century. Although it has become almost commonplace, this prediction deserves some justification. The technological and scientific stakes of nanoscience indeed encompass many fields of science: they include the ultimate miniaturization of electronic devices to acquire, store, and process information, and also such basic endeavors as understanding the microscopic processes and patterns responsible for the physical properties of materials, or the many unsolved questions raised by the astoundingly intricate workings of living matter. Although the dream of observing and controlling matter at molecular scales is nearly as old as the very concept of molecules, earlier attempts at practical realizations were hampered by a scarcity of suitable access to the nanoworld. During the last two decades of the 20th century, owing to the several new tools which have been developed to address objects at nanometer scales, the nanoworld appears closer than ever, within our reach! A major class of methods in nanoscience are local probe microscopies such as scanning tunnelling or atomic force microscopies. They require scanning a sharp tip with molecular dimensions across the surface of the sample under study and, by direct action of the tip on the sample, they make nano-manipulations possible. The present book is devoted to another class of methods, the selection and study of single, optically active nano-objects by purely optical means.
Single Photon Imaging
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Author : Peter Seitz
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-08-03
Single Photon Imaging written by Peter Seitz and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-08-03 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The acquisition and interpretation of images is a central capability in almost all scientific and technological domains. In particular, the acquisition of electromagnetic radiation, in the form of visible light, UV, infrared, X-ray, etc. is of enormous practical importance. The ultimate sensitivity in electronic imaging is the detection of individual photons. With this book, the first comprehensive review of all aspects of single-photon electronic imaging has been created. Topics include theoretical basics, semiconductor fabrication, single-photon detection principles, imager design and applications of different spectral domains. Today, the solid-state fabrication capabilities for several types of image sensors has advanced to a point, where uncoooled single-photon electronic imaging will soon become a consumer product. This book is giving a specialist ́s view from different domains to the forthcoming “single-photon imaging” revolution. The various aspects of single-photon imaging are treated by internationally renowned, leading scientists and technologists who have all pioneered their respective fields.
Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy
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Author : R. Rigler
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy written by R. Rigler and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) was developed in order to char acterize the dynamics of molecular processes in systems in thermodynamic equilibrium. FCS determines transport and chemical reaction rates from mea surements of spontaneous microscopic thermally driven molecular concentra tion fluctuations. Since its inception, and particularly in recent years, techni cal and conceptual advances have extended the range of practical applicability and the information obtainable from FCS measurements. Improvements in microscopy, data acquisition, and data processing have greatly shortened the time required for FCS measurements. FCS can now be routinely applied to labile systems such as cells, and for the acquisition of large volumes of data as required for high-throughput screening. Cross correlation methods pro vide a powerful tool for characterizing interactions among different molecular species. Analysis of the amplitude of concentration fluctuations can provide a wealth of information about aggregation/polymerization process and the compositions of mixtures. Furthermore, FCS provides a bridge between conventional measurements of dynamic processes on a macroscopic concentration scale and the currently developing field of single molecule measurements. Both FCS and single mole cule approaches measure directly stochastic fluctuations in molecular pro perties, and so must be analyzed by statistical methods to yield conventional phenomenological parameters. As commonly practiced, FCS yields these phe nomenological parameters, e. g. , diffusion coefficients and chemical rate con stants, directly in terms of a fluorescence fluctuation autocorrelation func tion.
Spectral Photon Counting Computed Tomography
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Author : Katsuyuki Taguchi
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2020-07-14
Spectral Photon Counting Computed Tomography written by Katsuyuki Taguchi and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-07-14 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Spectral, Photon Counting Computed Tomography is a comprehensive cover of the latest developments in the most prevalent imaging modality (x-ray computed tomography (CT)) in its latest incarnation: Spectral, Dual-Energy, and Photon Counting CT. Disadvantages of the conventional single-energy technique used by CT technology are that different materials cannot be distinguished and that the noise is larger. To address these problems, a novel spectral CT concept has been proposed. Spectral Dual-Energy CT (DE-CT) acquires two sets of spectral data, and Spectral Photon Counting CT (PC-CT) detects energy of x-ray photons to reveal additional material information of objects by using novel energy-sensitive, photon-counting detectors. The K-edge imaging may be a gateway for functional or molecular CT. The book covers detectors and electronics, image reconstruction methods, image quality assessments, a simulation tool, nanoparticle contrast agents, and clinical applications for spectral CT.
Bayesian Nonparametrics
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Author : Nils Lid Hjort
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2010-04-12
Bayesian Nonparametrics written by Nils Lid Hjort and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-04-12 with Mathematics categories.
Bayesian nonparametrics works - theoretically, computationally. The theory provides highly flexible models whose complexity grows appropriately with the amount of data. Computational issues, though challenging, are no longer intractable. All that is needed is an entry point: this intelligent book is the perfect guide to what can seem a forbidding landscape. Tutorial chapters by Ghosal, Lijoi and Prünster, Teh and Jordan, and Dunson advance from theory, to basic models and hierarchical modeling, to applications and implementation, particularly in computer science and biostatistics. These are complemented by companion chapters by the editors and Griffin and Quintana, providing additional models, examining computational issues, identifying future growth areas, and giving links to related topics. This coherent text gives ready access both to underlying principles and to state-of-the-art practice. Specific examples are drawn from information retrieval, NLP, machine vision, computational biology, biostatistics, and bioinformatics.