Transcription Factors In The Nervous System

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Immediate Early Genes And Inducible Transcription Factors In Mapping Of The Central Nervous System Function And Dysfunction

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Author : L. Kaczmarek
language : en
Publisher: Gulf Professional Publishing
Release Date : 2002-07

Immediate Early Genes And Inducible Transcription Factors In Mapping Of The Central Nervous System Function And Dysfunction written by L. Kaczmarek and has been published by Gulf Professional Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-07 with Medical categories.

This book brings together information about the most widely studied IEG/ITF involved in a variety of neuronal activation. Written by a prominent group of authors, it attempts to unravel the complexity of the phenomena of gene expression in the central nervous system.

Transcription Factors In The Nervous System

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Author : Gerald Thiel
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2006-05-12

Transcription Factors In The Nervous System written by Gerald Thiel and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-05-12 with Science categories.

This first book to cover neural development, neuronal survival and function on the genetic level outlines promising approaches for novel therapeutic strategies in fighting neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease. Focusing on transcription factors, the text is clearly divided into three sections devoted to transcriptional control of neural development, brain function and transcriptional dysregulation induced neurological diseases. With a chapter written by Nobel laureate Eric Kandel, this is essential reading for neurobiologists, geneticists, biochemists, cell biologists, neurochemists and molecular biologists.

Immediate Early Genes And Inducible Transcription Factors In Mapping Of The Central Nervous System Function And Dysfunction

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002

Immediate Early Genes And Inducible Transcription Factors In Mapping Of The Central Nervous System Function And Dysfunction written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Central nervous system categories.

Immediate Early Genes In The Central Nervous System

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Author : T.R. Tölle
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06

Immediate Early Genes In The Central Nervous System written by T.R. Tölle and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.

Immediate-early genes are believed to be involved in the neuron's ability to con vert short-term synaptic stimulation into long-lasting responses and thus contribute to the adaptive alterations involved in neuronal plasticity. Cellular immediate-early genes share a close structural homology with some viral oncogenes. Recent advances in cellular biology have identified the activation and deactivation of immediate-early genes as molecular mechanisms to control regulated and deregulated growth, cellular differentiation and development. In this view immediate-early genes may function as third messengers in a stimulus transcription cascade transferring extracellular information into changes in target gene transcription, thereby changing the phenotype of neurons. Immediate-Early Genes in the Central Nervous System provides a comprehensive up-to-date overview of current methodology in the research of immediate-early genes and includes a wide range of neurobiological topics, such as regeneration, memory formation, epilepsia and nociception. The contributors to this book have been selected from among the leading experts in their field of research. T.R. TOLLE J. SCHADRACK W. ZIEGLGANSBERGER Contents Immediate-early genes -how immmediate and why early? G./. Evan .............................................. . Immediate-early gene activation as a window on mechanism in the nervous system S.P. Hunt, L.A. McNaughton, R. Jenkins, and W. Wisden. . . . . . . . . .. . . . 18 of immediate-early genes during Differential expression synaptic plasticity, seizures and brain injury suggests specific functions for these molecules in brain neurons M. Dragunow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 35 . . . . . . . . . .

Stimulus Induced Expression Of Transcription Factors In The Nervous System And Its Control By Decoy Oligonucleotides

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Author : Nagaraj Gopisetty Venkata
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001

Stimulus Induced Expression Of Transcription Factors In The Nervous System And Its Control By Decoy Oligonucleotides written by Nagaraj Gopisetty Venkata and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with DNA-protein interactions categories.

Transcriptional Regulation Of Neuronal Differentiation In The Drosophila Central Nervous System

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Author : Haluk Lacin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010

Transcriptional Regulation Of Neuronal Differentiation In The Drosophila Central Nervous System written by Haluk Lacin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Electronic dissertations categories.

The central nervous system is the most complex and highly organized tissue in animals; composed of thousands of neurites connected in specific and highly reproducible ways. My thesis research has focused on the generation of neuronal diversity: specifically how neurons adopt individual, often unique, identities. Work in many labs has revealed that a large set of transcription factors act in combinatorial manner to specify the fate of individual neurons or small groups of neurons. However, in most cases, it remains unclear how individual or specific combinations of transcription factors directly control the terminal differentiation of neurons via the regulation of different genes, such as neurotransmitters. My thesis work has focused on the identification and characterization of new members of the combinatorial code of transcription factor and on initial attempts to link these transcription factors to the expression and activity of genes that contribute directly to neuronal differentiation. In chapter 2, I describe the identification and characterization of Dbx, a homedomain-containing transcription factor, expressed in a mixture of progenitor cells and a subset of GABAergic interneurons. I show that Dbx is expressed in many interneurons that are sibling to motor neurons, and that Dbx is required to promote the development of these interneurons via cross-repressive interactions with Eve and Hb9, which are expressed in the sibling motor neurons. In chapter 3, I detail the identification of FoxD, a transcription factor that is positively regulated by the homeodomain-containing transcription factor Hb9 in the Drosophila CNS. FoxD is expressed in a subset of Hb9 positive neurons and also in all octopaminergic neurons in the Drosophila embryonic CNS. I have identified the enhancers that drive expression in these neurons and have recently generated two mutant alleles of foxD. Loss of foxD appears to result in hyperactivity, which is most pronounced in males. As octopamine is the fly equivalent of norepinephrine, these results suggest that FoxD may function in specific cells to regulate the synthesis and release of octopmaine. Thus, my thesis has identified two members of the combinatorial code of transcription factors that govern neuronal identity. In addition, it has begun to place the functions of these genes within the genetic regulatory hierarchy of this code and started to link the function of individual transcription factors to the regulation of terminal differentiation genes and animal behavior.

Transcription Factor Expression In The Central Nervous System

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Author : Joanne L. Redburn
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1997

Transcription Factor Expression In The Central Nervous System written by Joanne L. Redburn and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Central nervous system categories.

Transcription Regulation Brain Development And Homeostasis A Finely Tuned And Orchestrated Scenario In Physiology And Pathology Volume Ii

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Author : Estela Maris Muñoz
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2023-10-03

Transcription Regulation Brain Development And Homeostasis A Finely Tuned And Orchestrated Scenario In Physiology And Pathology Volume Ii written by Estela Maris Muñoz and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-10-03 with Science categories.

A finely tuned regulation of gene expression is essential for shaping the nervous system and for maintaining its homeostasis throughout life. Disruptions in gene regulation can impact brain development and physiology in ways that contribute to diverse pathologies. The master orchestrators of gene activity in the nucleus are transcription factors, proteins that recognize and bind to specific DNA motifs in regulatory regions and drive changes in gene expression. Transcription factors act with the help of other co-factor proteins, including components of the Mediator complex, histone modifying enzymes, chromatin modelers, and DNA methylases. In addition, transcription factor activity in the nervous system can be modulated by extracellular signals, including growth factors, hormones, neuropeptides and neurotransmitters that activate specific receptors and intracellular transduction pathways. An in-depth understanding of the mechanisms of transcription regulation is needed in order to better describe how each element, from genes to cells, defines and maintains identities and functionalities in the healthy and diseased brain. This Research Topic is oriented to developing an integrative view about transcription regulation within the nervous system, focusing on developmental and homeostatic processes, dysregulation in functionality and expression levels and consequent associated pathologies such as neurodevelopmental disorders, brain tumors, and neurodegenerative diseases. Transcription regulation investigations will specifically focus on transcription factors that belong to the bHLH (e.g. NeuroD), homeobox (e.g. Islet, Pax, Rax, and Lhx) and CREB families, and on their roles over defined nervous system areas: cerebral cortex, thalamic and hypothalamic areas, interacting with the developing brain.

Transcriptional And Epigenetic Regulation Of Axon Regeneration

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Author : Marcus Mahar
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019

Transcriptional And Epigenetic Regulation Of Axon Regeneration written by Marcus Mahar and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with Electronic dissertations categories.

The mammalian nervous system is a highly intricate network consisting of over a hundred billion specialized cells called neurons. One unique characteristic of neurons is their highly polarized morphology; unlike other cells, neurons project long axonal extensions. These structures allow them to connect and communicate with not only other neurons, but also various cell types in the body and give rise to all motor, sensory, and higher order function. Because axons can extend up to three feet, they are also vulnerable to injury from sources such as traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries, stroke, or neurodegenerative diseases. Indeed, patients who have experienced these injuries often suffer debilitating, irreversible loss of function. Interestingly, whereas neurons which reside in the central nervous system are incapable of regenerating after axon injury, neurons of the peripheral nervous system activate a robust pro-regenerative response capable of promoting long distance regeneration and functional recovery. The molecular mechanisms which underlie this pro-regenerative response may provide key insights into how a pro-regenerative response could be stimulated in injured central nervous system neurons. A comprehensive overview of the known molecular mechanisms involved in this response is reviewed in Chapter 1.As mammals age, the synaptic connections between neurons mature. Following axon injury in peripheral nervous system neurons, the genes involved in synaptic function are turned off and genes required for inducing axon growth are activated. These widespread epigenetic and transcriptional changes require a coordinated effort of epigenetic and transcriptional regulators including epigenetic modifiers, transcription factors, and microRNAs. In Chapter 2, we demonstrated that these changes are, in part, a result of the rapid downregulation of microRNA-9 which occurs following axon injury. At baseline in adult peripheral nervous system neurons, microRNA-9 is highly expressed and actively represses various genes including REST and UHRF1. When microRNA-9 expression decreases following injury, both REST and UHRF1 increase with UHRF1also repressing REST and restricting REST expression to a tight temporal window. During this time, REST binds to and represses various genes involved in synaptic function such as ion channels; a process necessary for peripheral nervous system regeneration. This complete published work can be found in Chapter 2.In coordination with epigenetic modifiers such as UHRF1, various transcription factors are activated following axon injury and promote the expression of pro-growth genes. Various studies have worked to identify the transcription factors involved in this process as exogenous overexpression of transcription factors has been shown to confer specific phenotypes of interest, such as the conversion of one cell type to another, when the correct combination of transcription factors is manipulated. To further this work, in Chapter 3 I used bioinformatics analysis to identify 27 transcription factors putatively involved in the establishment of the pro-regenerative response. Using two complimentary in vitro screens, determined which transcription factors were both necessary for peripheral nervous system axon regeneration and sufficient to drive central nervous system axon regeneration. By pairing these results with network-based bioinformatics analysis, we identified Creb1 as a transcription factor which sits atop the pro-regenerative gene regulatory network. Follow-up studies in which we overexpressed Creb1during optic nerve regeneration demonstrated Creb1 is sufficient to promote central nervous system axon regeneration in vivo. This work provides exciting new insight into the various transcription factors regulating this response as well as their putative genetic relationships.

Molecular Neurotoxicology

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Author : Nasser H. Zawia
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2004-04-27

Molecular Neurotoxicology written by Nasser H. Zawia and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-04-27 with Medical categories.

Molecular Neurotoxicology: Environmental Agents and Transcription-Transduction Coupling deals with changes in gene expression following exposure to neurotoxicants, as well as deciphering signal transduction or transcription coupling that is altered by the same exposure. Until now, little has been published on the topic in one reference, and toxicol