Transcription Regulation Brain Development And Homeostasis A Finely Tuned And Orchestrated Scenario In Physiology And Pathology Volume Ii
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Transcription Regulation Brain Development And Homeostasis A Finely Tuned And Orchestrated Scenario In Physiology And Pathology Volume Ii
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Author : Estela Maris Muñoz
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2023-10-03
Transcription Regulation Brain Development And Homeostasis A Finely Tuned And Orchestrated Scenario In Physiology And Pathology Volume Ii written by Estela Maris Muñoz and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-10-03 with Science categories.
A finely tuned regulation of gene expression is essential for shaping the nervous system and for maintaining its homeostasis throughout life. Disruptions in gene regulation can impact brain development and physiology in ways that contribute to diverse pathologies. The master orchestrators of gene activity in the nucleus are transcription factors, proteins that recognize and bind to specific DNA motifs in regulatory regions and drive changes in gene expression. Transcription factors act with the help of other co-factor proteins, including components of the Mediator complex, histone modifying enzymes, chromatin modelers, and DNA methylases. In addition, transcription factor activity in the nervous system can be modulated by extracellular signals, including growth factors, hormones, neuropeptides and neurotransmitters that activate specific receptors and intracellular transduction pathways. An in-depth understanding of the mechanisms of transcription regulation is needed in order to better describe how each element, from genes to cells, defines and maintains identities and functionalities in the healthy and diseased brain. This Research Topic is oriented to developing an integrative view about transcription regulation within the nervous system, focusing on developmental and homeostatic processes, dysregulation in functionality and expression levels and consequent associated pathologies such as neurodevelopmental disorders, brain tumors, and neurodegenerative diseases. Transcription regulation investigations will specifically focus on transcription factors that belong to the bHLH (e.g. NeuroD), homeobox (e.g. Islet, Pax, Rax, and Lhx) and CREB families, and on their roles over defined nervous system areas: cerebral cortex, thalamic and hypothalamic areas, interacting with the developing brain.
Transcription Regulation Brain Development And Homeostasis A Finely Tuned And Orchestrated Scenario In Physiology And Pathology
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Author : Estela Maris Muñoz
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2022-02-21
Transcription Regulation Brain Development And Homeostasis A Finely Tuned And Orchestrated Scenario In Physiology And Pathology written by Estela Maris Muñoz and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-02-21 with Science categories.
Trends In Neuroimmunology Cross Talk Between Brain Resident And Peripheral Immune Cells In Both Health And Disease
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Author : Estela Maris Muñoz
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2024-06-26
Trends In Neuroimmunology Cross Talk Between Brain Resident And Peripheral Immune Cells In Both Health And Disease written by Estela Maris Muñoz and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-06-26 with Medical categories.
The functional anatomy of organisms is maintained by the coordination of different systems, that often rely on particular interactions between specialized cells and between macromolecules. The immune system works with the circulatory and the lymphatic systems to protect most of the organs. However, some organs are considered immune privileged due to the presence of highly selective and regulated barriers, such as the blood-brain barrier (BBB) within the brain. The BBB controls periphery-brain molecule exchange and prevents immune effector cells from entering the homeostatic brain. BBB-associated elements, such as endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocytes, and microglia, potentially can function as antigen-presenting cells (APC). Pathological scenarios that induce dysfunction of the BBB and its associated cells may lead to the infiltration of lymphocytes crossing over from the blood to brain. Similarly, traumas can also enable B and T lymphocytes to pass bidirectionally between the CNS and the periphery, via the meningeal lymphatic vessels which drain into the cervical lymph nodes. Research in animals and in humans has revealed that B and T cells are involved in the progression of neurological diseases. It has been showed that under particular conditions, T cells establish themselves and become resident in the brain (T RM cells), from where they can either exert beneficial or detrimental effects on brain function. Amazing efforts have been made to further comprehend interactions between brain-specific cells and peripheral immune cells, and especially their roles and impact on the onset, progression, and eventual resolution of diverse brain pathologies.
Transcription Factors In The Nervous System
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Author : Gerald Thiel
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2006-05-12
Transcription Factors In The Nervous System written by Gerald Thiel and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-05-12 with Science categories.
This first book to cover neural development, neuronal survival and function on the genetic level outlines promising approaches for novel therapeutic strategies in fighting neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease. Focusing on transcription factors, the text is clearly divided into three sections devoted to transcriptional control of neural development, brain function and transcriptional dysregulation induced neurological diseases. With a chapter written by Nobel laureate Eric Kandel, this is essential reading for neurobiologists, geneticists, biochemists, cell biologists, neurochemists and molecular biologists.
Rethinking Homeostasis
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Author : Jay Schulkin
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2003
Rethinking Homeostasis written by Jay Schulkin and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Medical categories.
An overview of allostasis, the process by which the body maintains overall viability under normal and adverse conditions.
Systems Biology Of Transcription Regulation
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Author : Ekaterina Shelest
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2016-09-09
Systems Biology Of Transcription Regulation written by Ekaterina Shelest and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-09-09 with Biotechnology categories.
Transcription regulation is a complex process that can be considered and investigated from different perspectives. Traditionally and due to technical reasons (including the evolution of our understanding of the underlying processes) the main focus of the research was made on the regulation of expression through transcription factors (TFs), the proteins directly binding to DNA. On the other hand, intensive research is going on in the field of chromatin structure, remodeling and its involvement in the regulation. Whatever direction we select, we can speak about several levels of regulation. For instance, concentrating on TFs, we should consider multiple regulatory layers, starting with signaling pathways and ending up with the TF binding sites in the promoters and other regulatory regions. However, it is obvious that the TF regulation, also including the upstream processes, represents a modest portion of all processes leading to gene expression. For more comprehensive description of the gene regulation, we need a systematic and holistic view, which brings us to the importance of systems biology approaches. Advances in methodology, especially in high-throughput methods, result in an ever-growing mass of data, which in many cases is still waiting for appropriate consideration. Moreover, the accumulation of data is going faster than the development of algorithms for their systematic evaluation. Data and methods integration is indispensable for the acquiring a systematic as well as a systemic view. In addition to the huge amount of molecular or genetic components of a biological system, the even larger number of their interactions constitutes the enormous complexity of processes occurring in a living cell (organ, organism). In systems biology, these interactions are represented by networks. Transcriptional or, more generally, gene regulatory networks are being generated from experimental ChIPseq data, by reverse engineering from transcriptomics data, or from computational predictions of transcription factor (TF) – target gene relations. While transcriptional networks are now available for many biological systems, mathematical models to simulate their dynamic behavior have been successfully developed for metabolic and, to some extent, for signaling networks, but relatively rarely for gene regulatory networks. Systems biology approaches provide new perspectives that raise new questions. Some of them address methodological problems, others arise from the newly obtained understanding of the data. These open questions and problems are also a subject of this Research Topic.
Mechanisms In Transcriptional Regulation
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Author : Albert J. Courey
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2009-01-22
Mechanisms In Transcriptional Regulation written by Albert J. Courey and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-01-22 with Science categories.
Mechanisms in Transcriptional Regulation provides a concisediscussion of the fundamental concepts in transcription and itsregulation. Covers RNA polymerases, transcriptional machinery, mechanismsof transcriptional activation, the histone code hypothesis, theepigenetic control of transcription, and combinatorial control insignaling and development Features over 80 figures available to download online Chapters include comprehensive reading lists, boxeshighlighting theoretical concepts and experimental methods andproblems designed to build and test understanding
Transcription Factors And Human Disease
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Author : Gregg L. Semenza
language : en
Publisher: Oxford Monographs on Medical G
Release Date : 1998
Transcription Factors And Human Disease written by Gregg L. Semenza and has been published by Oxford Monographs on Medical G this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Health & Fitness categories.
Several general principles have emerged from the study of human transcription factors. First, germline mutations in genes encoding transcription factors result in malformation syndromes in which the development of multiple body structures is affected. Second, somatic mutations involving many of the same genes contribute to tumorigenesis. Third, transcriptional regulatory mechanisms demonstrate remarkable evolutionary conservation. Fourth, prenatal development and postnatal physiology are unified by the demonstration that a single transription factor can control the proliferation of progenitor cells during development and the expression within the differentiated cells of gene products that participate in specific physiologic responses. Transcription Factors and Human Disease presents the basic science of transcriptional regulation and then describes inherited human diseases attributable to mutations in DNA sequences encoding transcription factors or their cognate binding sites. The involvement of transcription factors in somatic cell genetic diseases (cancer) and epigenetic disease (teratogenesis) is briefly discussed. The effect of specific mutations on transcription factor activity and the relationship between transcriptional dysregulation, dominant or recessive inheritance patterns, and disease pathogenesis are also explored. This book thus provides a direct connection between molecular defects in transcriptional regulation and human pathophysiology.
Systems Biology Of Transcription Regulation
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Systems Biology Of Transcription Regulation written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
Transcription regulation is a complex process that can be considered and investigated from different perspectives. Traditionally and due to technical reasons (including the evolution of our understanding of the underlying processes) the main focus of the research was made on the regulation of expression through transcription factors (TFs), the proteins directly binding to DNA. On the other hand, intensive research is going on in the field of chromatin structure, remodeling and its involvement in the regulation. Whatever direction we select, we can speak about several levels of regulation. For instance, concentrating on TFs, we should consider multiple regulatory layers, starting with signaling pathways and ending up with the TF binding sites in the promoters and other regulatory regions. However, it is obvious that the TF regulation, also including the upstream processes, represents a modest portion of all processes leading to gene expression. For more comprehensive description of the gene regulation, we need a systematic and holistic view, which brings us to the importance of systems biology approaches. Advances in methodology, especially in high-throughput methods, result in an ever-growing mass of data, which in many cases is still waiting for appropriate consideration. Moreover, the accumulation of data is going faster than the development of algorithms for their systematic evaluation. Data and methods integration is indispensable for the acquiring a systematic as well as a systemic view. In addition to the huge amount of molecular or genetic components of a biological system, the even larger number of their interactions constitutes the enormous complexity of processes occurring in a living cell (organ, organism). In systems biology, these interactions are represented by networks. Transcriptional or, more generally, gene regulatory networks are being generated from experimental ChIPseq data, by reverse engineering from transcriptomics data, or from computational predictions of transcription factor (TF) - target gene relations. While transcriptional networks are now available for many biological systems, mathematical models to simulate their dynamic behavior have been successfully developed for metabolic and, to some extent, for signaling networks, but relatively rarely for gene regulatory networks. Systems biology approaches provide new perspectives that raise new questions. Some of them address methodological problems, others arise from the newly obtained understanding of the data. These open questions and problems are also a subject of this Research Topic.
Transcriptional Regulation
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Author : Ales Vancura
language : en
Publisher: Humana
Release Date : 2016-08-23
Transcriptional Regulation written by Ales Vancura and has been published by Humana this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-08-23 with Science categories.
Through many recent remarkable developments, perhaps the most significant advancements in the study of transcriptional regulation are the development of genome-wide approaches for measuring gene expression, exemplified by gene chips (chip), and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays (ChIP) for measuring in vivo protein-DNA interactions at any genomic loci. Transcriptional Regulation: Methods and Protocols takes this progress and builds upon it with a collection of key protocols used in expert laboratories around the world. Divided into four convenient sections, this detailed volume explores promoter elements, transcription factors, and preinitiation complex (PIC) assembly, chromatin structure, chromatin modifying complexes, and RNA synthesis and regulation. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and vital tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Comprehensive and accessible, Transcriptional Regulation: Methods and Protocols equally serves senior researchers and scientists experienced in transcriptional regulation as well as graduate students and scientists who wish to study transcriptional regulation for the first time.