Transcription Regulation Brain Development And Homeostasis A Finely Tuned And Orchestrated Scenario In Physiology And Pathology
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Transcription Regulation Brain Development And Homeostasis A Finely Tuned And Orchestrated Scenario In Physiology And Pathology
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Author : Estela Maris Muñoz
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2022-02-21
Transcription Regulation Brain Development And Homeostasis A Finely Tuned And Orchestrated Scenario In Physiology And Pathology written by Estela Maris Muñoz and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-02-21 with Science categories.
Transcription Regulation Brain Development And Homeostasis A Finely Tuned And Orchestrated Scenario In Physiology And Pathology Volume Ii
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Author : Estela Maris Muñoz
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2023-10-03
Transcription Regulation Brain Development And Homeostasis A Finely Tuned And Orchestrated Scenario In Physiology And Pathology Volume Ii written by Estela Maris Muñoz and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-10-03 with Science categories.
A finely tuned regulation of gene expression is essential for shaping the nervous system and for maintaining its homeostasis throughout life. Disruptions in gene regulation can impact brain development and physiology in ways that contribute to diverse pathologies. The master orchestrators of gene activity in the nucleus are transcription factors, proteins that recognize and bind to specific DNA motifs in regulatory regions and drive changes in gene expression. Transcription factors act with the help of other co-factor proteins, including components of the Mediator complex, histone modifying enzymes, chromatin modelers, and DNA methylases. In addition, transcription factor activity in the nervous system can be modulated by extracellular signals, including growth factors, hormones, neuropeptides and neurotransmitters that activate specific receptors and intracellular transduction pathways. An in-depth understanding of the mechanisms of transcription regulation is needed in order to better describe how each element, from genes to cells, defines and maintains identities and functionalities in the healthy and diseased brain. This Research Topic is oriented to developing an integrative view about transcription regulation within the nervous system, focusing on developmental and homeostatic processes, dysregulation in functionality and expression levels and consequent associated pathologies such as neurodevelopmental disorders, brain tumors, and neurodegenerative diseases. Transcription regulation investigations will specifically focus on transcription factors that belong to the bHLH (e.g. NeuroD), homeobox (e.g. Islet, Pax, Rax, and Lhx) and CREB families, and on their roles over defined nervous system areas: cerebral cortex, thalamic and hypothalamic areas, interacting with the developing brain.
Trends In Neuroimmunology Cross Talk Between Brain Resident And Peripheral Immune Cells In Both Health And Disease
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Author : Estela Maris Muñoz
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2024-06-26
Trends In Neuroimmunology Cross Talk Between Brain Resident And Peripheral Immune Cells In Both Health And Disease written by Estela Maris Muñoz and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-06-26 with Medical categories.
The functional anatomy of organisms is maintained by the coordination of different systems, that often rely on particular interactions between specialized cells and between macromolecules. The immune system works with the circulatory and the lymphatic systems to protect most of the organs. However, some organs are considered immune privileged due to the presence of highly selective and regulated barriers, such as the blood-brain barrier (BBB) within the brain. The BBB controls periphery-brain molecule exchange and prevents immune effector cells from entering the homeostatic brain. BBB-associated elements, such as endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocytes, and microglia, potentially can function as antigen-presenting cells (APC). Pathological scenarios that induce dysfunction of the BBB and its associated cells may lead to the infiltration of lymphocytes crossing over from the blood to brain. Similarly, traumas can also enable B and T lymphocytes to pass bidirectionally between the CNS and the periphery, via the meningeal lymphatic vessels which drain into the cervical lymph nodes. Research in animals and in humans has revealed that B and T cells are involved in the progression of neurological diseases. It has been showed that under particular conditions, T cells establish themselves and become resident in the brain (T RM cells), from where they can either exert beneficial or detrimental effects on brain function. Amazing efforts have been made to further comprehend interactions between brain-specific cells and peripheral immune cells, and especially their roles and impact on the onset, progression, and eventual resolution of diverse brain pathologies.
Transcription Factors In The Nervous System
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Author : Gerald Thiel
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2006-05-12
Transcription Factors In The Nervous System written by Gerald Thiel and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-05-12 with Science categories.
This first book to cover neural development, neuronal survival and function on the genetic level outlines promising approaches for novel therapeutic strategies in fighting neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease. Focusing on transcription factors, the text is clearly divided into three sections devoted to transcriptional control of neural development, brain function and transcriptional dysregulation induced neurological diseases. With a chapter written by Nobel laureate Eric Kandel, this is essential reading for neurobiologists, geneticists, biochemists, cell biologists, neurochemists and molecular biologists.
Systems Biology Of Transcription Regulation
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Author : Ekaterina Shelest
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2016-09-09
Systems Biology Of Transcription Regulation written by Ekaterina Shelest and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-09-09 with Biotechnology categories.
Transcription regulation is a complex process that can be considered and investigated from different perspectives. Traditionally and due to technical reasons (including the evolution of our understanding of the underlying processes) the main focus of the research was made on the regulation of expression through transcription factors (TFs), the proteins directly binding to DNA. On the other hand, intensive research is going on in the field of chromatin structure, remodeling and its involvement in the regulation. Whatever direction we select, we can speak about several levels of regulation. For instance, concentrating on TFs, we should consider multiple regulatory layers, starting with signaling pathways and ending up with the TF binding sites in the promoters and other regulatory regions. However, it is obvious that the TF regulation, also including the upstream processes, represents a modest portion of all processes leading to gene expression. For more comprehensive description of the gene regulation, we need a systematic and holistic view, which brings us to the importance of systems biology approaches. Advances in methodology, especially in high-throughput methods, result in an ever-growing mass of data, which in many cases is still waiting for appropriate consideration. Moreover, the accumulation of data is going faster than the development of algorithms for their systematic evaluation. Data and methods integration is indispensable for the acquiring a systematic as well as a systemic view. In addition to the huge amount of molecular or genetic components of a biological system, the even larger number of their interactions constitutes the enormous complexity of processes occurring in a living cell (organ, organism). In systems biology, these interactions are represented by networks. Transcriptional or, more generally, gene regulatory networks are being generated from experimental ChIPseq data, by reverse engineering from transcriptomics data, or from computational predictions of transcription factor (TF) – target gene relations. While transcriptional networks are now available for many biological systems, mathematical models to simulate their dynamic behavior have been successfully developed for metabolic and, to some extent, for signaling networks, but relatively rarely for gene regulatory networks. Systems biology approaches provide new perspectives that raise new questions. Some of them address methodological problems, others arise from the newly obtained understanding of the data. These open questions and problems are also a subject of this Research Topic.
Mechanisms In Transcriptional Regulation
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Author : Albert J. Courey
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2009-01-22
Mechanisms In Transcriptional Regulation written by Albert J. Courey and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-01-22 with Science categories.
Mechanisms in Transcriptional Regulation provides a concisediscussion of the fundamental concepts in transcription and itsregulation. Covers RNA polymerases, transcriptional machinery, mechanismsof transcriptional activation, the histone code hypothesis, theepigenetic control of transcription, and combinatorial control insignaling and development Features over 80 figures available to download online Chapters include comprehensive reading lists, boxeshighlighting theoretical concepts and experimental methods andproblems designed to build and test understanding
Systems Biology Of Transcription Regulation
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Systems Biology Of Transcription Regulation written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
Transcription regulation is a complex process that can be considered and investigated from different perspectives. Traditionally and due to technical reasons (including the evolution of our understanding of the underlying processes) the main focus of the research was made on the regulation of expression through transcription factors (TFs), the proteins directly binding to DNA. On the other hand, intensive research is going on in the field of chromatin structure, remodeling and its involvement in the regulation. Whatever direction we select, we can speak about several levels of regulation. For instance, concentrating on TFs, we should consider multiple regulatory layers, starting with signaling pathways and ending up with the TF binding sites in the promoters and other regulatory regions. However, it is obvious that the TF regulation, also including the upstream processes, represents a modest portion of all processes leading to gene expression. For more comprehensive description of the gene regulation, we need a systematic and holistic view, which brings us to the importance of systems biology approaches. Advances in methodology, especially in high-throughput methods, result in an ever-growing mass of data, which in many cases is still waiting for appropriate consideration. Moreover, the accumulation of data is going faster than the development of algorithms for their systematic evaluation. Data and methods integration is indispensable for the acquiring a systematic as well as a systemic view. In addition to the huge amount of molecular or genetic components of a biological system, the even larger number of their interactions constitutes the enormous complexity of processes occurring in a living cell (organ, organism). In systems biology, these interactions are represented by networks. Transcriptional or, more generally, gene regulatory networks are being generated from experimental ChIPseq data, by reverse engineering from transcriptomics data, or from computational predictions of transcription factor (TF) - target gene relations. While transcriptional networks are now available for many biological systems, mathematical models to simulate their dynamic behavior have been successfully developed for metabolic and, to some extent, for signaling networks, but relatively rarely for gene regulatory networks. Systems biology approaches provide new perspectives that raise new questions. Some of them address methodological problems, others arise from the newly obtained understanding of the data. These open questions and problems are also a subject of this Research Topic.
Regulation Of Gene Expression And Brain Function
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Author : Paul J. Harrison
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Regulation Of Gene Expression And Brain Function written by Paul J. Harrison and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
Gene expression converts the information coded by our genes into proteins. These determine the structure and function of an organ such as the brain. Itis therefore an essential process, linking molecular genetics with neurochemistry and behavioral neuroscience. This volume presents a didactic approach to the understanding of the basic processes of gene expression and their involvement in certain brain diseases, such asAlzheimer's disease and schizophrenia. Generously illustrated, the contributions provide a valuable outline of this key aspect of molecular neurobiology and clinical neuroscience.
Brain Development Through The Lens Of Genomic And Epigenomic Regulators
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Author : Linda Su
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Brain Development Through The Lens Of Genomic And Epigenomic Regulators written by Linda Su and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
The brain is one of the most complex organs of the mammalian body, with hundreds of unique cell types and functionalities that are specified across developmental time. Numerous biological pathways interact throughout development to specify brain patterning and function, including gene regulatory mechanisms that integrate genomic and epigenetic signatures to coordinate cell fate determination and lineage specification. These mechanisms include proteins such as chromatin remodelers that maintain the epigenetic state of the genome and cis-regulatory DNA elements called enhancers that drive spatiotemporal gene expression in the body. When these mechanisms are perturbed through sequence-based mutation, aberrant gene regulation is thought to contribute to the etiology of many neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia. In the dissertation research described herein, I used transcriptomic and next-generation sequencing-based methods to characterize the roles of chromatin remodelers and enhancers in regulating mammalian brain development. In the first project, I used bulk RNA-sequencing to characterize perturbations to mouse brain development across time in a knockout mouse model of the autism risk gene Chd8, which encodes a chromatin remodeler. I identified broad transcriptional changes to embryonic pathways involved in neural proliferation, RNA processing, and gene regulation, and established Chd8 as a central node in genes associated with dysregulation in autism genetic studies. In the second project, I harnessed the ability of enhancers to act as labels of unique cell states in order to delineate cell fate specification in embryonic mouse brain. Profiling single cells collected from transgenic mice generated by our collaborators at UCSF, I developed a unique transcription factor-based classification approach to characterize early cell fates in embryonic basal ganglia. I discovered novel populations of early progenitors and immature neuronal lineages labeled by specific enhancers, enabling fine-scale characterization of regional fate commitment in cells that go on to form mature brain structures. In the final chapter, I adapted a large-scale enhancer reporter assay to screen DNA sequences for activity in early postnatal mouse brain. With this assay I was able to functionally dissect neuropsychiatric disorder-associated regulatory elements within the third intron of the calcium channel gene CACNA1C. My research establishes this assay as a viable method to functionally screen sequences for enhancer activity in vivo, paving the way for future studies examining the effects of sequence variation on enhancer function in the mammalian brain. In order to understand the fundamental role of gene regulation in neurodevelopment, and how dysregulation to gene expression contributes to perturbed brain development and function, I developed and applied novel analytic methods to study three aspects of gene regulation in the mammalian brain. The findings discussed in this dissertation highlight the value of transcriptomic and functional enhancer studies for understanding the complexities underlying mammalian brain development, and the importance of transcriptional regulation as a major mechanism governing brain patterning and pathology in neurodevelopmental disorders.
Physiology And Pathology Of Adaptation Mechanisms Neural Neuroendocrine Humoral
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Author : Eörs Bajusz
language : en
Publisher: Pergamon
Release Date : 1969
Physiology And Pathology Of Adaptation Mechanisms Neural Neuroendocrine Humoral written by Eörs Bajusz and has been published by Pergamon this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1969 with Science categories.
Physiology and Pathology of Adaptation Mechanisms: Neural - Neuroendocrine - Humoral is a collection of papers that covers various aspects of the vital physiologic mechanisms involved in adaptive reactions. The title first covers the development of regulatory processes, and then proceeds to tackling the regulatory and adaptive functions of the pituitary-adrenocortical system. Next, the selection deals with the regulation of adaptive hormones, along with topics about adaptation to environmental temperature variation. The text also deals with the neural, neuroendocrine, and hormonal regulatory a ...