Two Studies In Membrane Trafficking
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Two Studies In Membrane Trafficking
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Author : Holly Christine Dippold
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Two Studies In Membrane Trafficking written by Holly Christine Dippold and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with categories.
Eukaryotic cells maintain a complex organization of vesicular transport pathways through which integral membrane proteins and lipids travel. This allows the cell to maintain the proper functional composition of various intracellular membrane-bound compartments and communication with the external environment via the plasma membrane. I have studied two facets of vesicular trafficking. Chapter 1 describes the process of vesicle budding from the Golgi and its relationship to the unique morphology of the Golgi. Chapter 2 discusses the regulation of endocytosis and an attempt to find a target for a ubiquitin-specific protease necessary for endocytosis in yeast. The mechanism underlying the Golgi's flattened structure and its relation to secretory function is an intriguing question in cell biology. Golgi membranes, from yeast to humans, are enriched in phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PtdIns(4)P). In a lipid binding screen, GOLPH3 was identified as a novel PtdIns(4)P-binding protein that depends upon PtdIns(4)P for its Golgi localization. GOLPH3 binds MYO18A, connecting the Golgi to F-actin, thus transmitting a tensile force necessary for Golgi budding and morphology. The same process generating the extended Golgi ribbon observed by fluorescence microscopy and the flattened form observed by electron microscopy drives the formation of transport vesicles. Integral plasma membrane proteins are down-regulated by endocytosis followed by trafficking to the lysosome for degradation. Can1p is a yeast arginine permease at the plasma membrane and undergoes such regulation. Canavanine is a toxic arginine analog that enters the cell through Can1p. A screen of viable yeast deletion mutants to identify genes which when deleted result in hypersensitivity to canavanine was conducted to identify novel components involved in down-regulation and internalization of plasma membrane proteins. Three genes identified were ubiquitin-specific proteases. By visual screening, deletion of UBP3 (UBiquitin-specific Protease 3) was observed to stabilize Can1p-GFP and other endocytic cargoes at the plasma membrane. Rescue experiments show that Ubp3p catalytic activity is necessary for endocytosis. Biochemical experiments indicate that Ubp3p is in a complex with Bre5p, and that Bre5p is also necessary for plasma membrane protein internalization. In conclusion, Ubp3p and its co-factor Bre5p are responsible for deubiquitination and positive regulation of an unidentified protein involved in endocytosis.
Membrane Trafficking
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Author : Ales Vancura
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-08-28
Membrane Trafficking written by Ales Vancura and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-08-28 with Science categories.
As membrane trafficking research has expanded over the past thirty years, a remarkable convergence of information has been gained by using genetic approaches in yeast cells with biochemical approaches in mammalian cells. This book reflects these advances by devoting one section of the book to yeast cells and the other to mammalian cells, with each section providing both classic and cutting-edge techniques to study macromolecular transport across the membranes.
Membrane Trafficking
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Author : Bor Luen Tang
language : en
Publisher: Humana Press
Release Date : 2015-02-22
Membrane Trafficking written by Bor Luen Tang and has been published by Humana Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-02-22 with Science categories.
This second edition explores membrane trafficking research that has been at the frontier of cell and molecular biology. In the past 20 years, this field has witnessed a remarkable convergence and synergism from information gained using genetic approaches in yeast cells, and biochemical and molecular approaches in mammalian cells. This volume contains updated chapters and the inclusion of a large number of new chapters, and is divided into three parts. Part I includes biochemical and molecular genetics approaches and methods used in analysing membrane traffic, in both yeast and mammalian cell models. Part II focuses on imaging and microscopy approaches and techniques, while Part III highlights the Omics-type approaches. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and resourceful, Membrane Trafficking, Second Edition, is a valuable resource for both experienced researchers, graduate students, and junior scientists in the field of membrane trafficking.
Connections To Membrane Trafficking Where You Least Expect Them Diseases Dynamics Diet And Distance
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Author : Rachel Susan Kraut
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2020-01-28
Connections To Membrane Trafficking Where You Least Expect Them Diseases Dynamics Diet And Distance written by Rachel Susan Kraut and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-01-28 with categories.
Studies Of Regulated Membrane Trafficking
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Author : Alona Cohen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Studies Of Regulated Membrane Trafficking written by Alona Cohen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.
Trafficking Inside Cells
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Author : Nava Segev
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2010-05-30
Trafficking Inside Cells written by Nava Segev and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-05-30 with Science categories.
This book covers the past, present and future of the intra-cellular trafficking field, which has made a quantum leap in the last few decades. It details how the field has developed and evolved as well as examines future directions.
Molecular Biology Of The Cell
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Author : Bruce Alberts
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002
Molecular Biology Of The Cell written by Bruce Alberts and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Cytology categories.
Crosstalk And Integration Of Membrane Trafficking Pathways
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Author : Roberto Weigert
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2012-04-11
Crosstalk And Integration Of Membrane Trafficking Pathways written by Roberto Weigert and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-04-11 with Science categories.
Membrane traffic is a broad field that studies the complex exchange of membranes that occurs inside the cell. Protein, lipids and other molecules traffic among intracellular organelles, and are delivered to, or transported from the cell surface by virtue of membranous carriers generally referred as "transport intermediates". These carriers have different shapes and sizes, and their biogenesis, modality of transport, and delivery to the final destination are regulated by a multitude of very complex molecular machineries. A concept that has clearly emerged in the last decade is that each membrane pathway does not represent a close system, but is fully integrated with all the other trafficking pathways. The aim of this book is to provide a general overview of the extent of this crosstalk.
Localization And Movement
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Author : Peter Leader Lee
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Localization And Movement written by Peter Leader Lee and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
Membrane trafficking is an essential process that enables cells to deliver proteins to the extracellular space and segregate proteins into different compartments. Several steps are necessary for the functional segregation and processing of proteins. Trafficking includes post-translational modification of proteins, their movement between compartments, and stable localization once they have reached their target destinations. Importantly, membrane trafficking represents a recursively-sustained system: proteins that play a role in the regulation of membrane trafficking must also be properly transported and localized. Chapter one introduces the importance of the Golgi in the sorting and packaging of proteins and the roles of molecular motors in facilitating individual transport events. To modify transported cargoes, Golgi resident glycosyltransferases need to be localized to the correct cisternae and in some cases, in correct complex with other glycosyltransferases. "Kin recognition", the association of enzymatically compatible glycosyltransferases, has been demonstrated as a mechanism for the stable localization of glycosyltransferases to their proper compartments. Myosins, dyneins, and kinesins, linked to membranes by small Rab GTPases and their effectors, play important roles in moving cargo on actin and microtubule filaments. Their regulation by adapter proteins and their combinatorial interactions both complementing and opposing movement allows for the fine tuning of cargo transport. Chapter two presents the association of UDP-GlcNAc:[beta]Gal [beta]-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1 (B3GNT1) and UDP-Gal:[beta]GlcNAc [beta]-1,4-galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 1 (B4GALT1). These two glycosyltransferases participate in the alternating, successive polymerization of poly-N-acetyllactosamine (polyLacNAc), a linear carbohydrate polymer composed of alternating N-acetylglucosamine and galactose residues. We show that these two glycosyltransferases colocalize by immunofluorescence microscopy, interact by coimmunoprecipitation, and when artificially retained in the ER can retain the complementary glycosyltransferase there as well. Chapter three presents the novel regulation of the KIF3 family kinesin, KIF1C, by small Rab GTPases, Rab1 and Rab6. The depletion of KIF1C impairs the plasma membrane delivery of Vesicular stomatitis virus G protein and intriguingly increases the speed of both Rab1 and Rab6 labeled vesicles. Rab6 can bind directly to the C-terminal domain of KIF1C and, like Rab1, can additionally interact with KIF1C's N-terminal motor domain. The interaction of KIF1C with Rab6 diminishes KIF1C's ability to bind microtubules. These results suggest that KIF1C acts as a brake, perhaps slowing transport to allow proper packaging and tethering to occur. Our data suggest that interaction between Rab6 and KIF1C could relieve KIF1C's braking action by displacing it from microtubules; alternatively, KIF1C may function as a molecular tether between membranes carrying Rab1 and/or Rab6.
Arf Family Gtpases
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Author : Richard A. Kahn
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2004-02-29
Arf Family Gtpases written by Richard A. Kahn and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-02-29 with Science categories.
For the first time experts in the area of signalling research with a focus on the ARF family have contributed to the production of a title devoted to ARF biology. A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the ARF family, tables of the ARF GEFs and ARF GAPs, and more than a dozen chapters describing them in detail are provided. The impact of the ARF proteins on widely diverse aspects of cell biology and cell signalling can be clearly seen from the activities described; including membrane traffic, lipid metabolism, receptor desensitization, mouse development, microtubule dynamics, and bacterial pathogenesis. Anyone interested in understanding the complexities of cell signalling and the integration of signalling networks will benefit from this volume.