U S Government Funding Of Cooperative Research And Development In North America
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U S Government Funding Of Cooperative Research And Development In North America
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Author : Caroline S. Wagner
language : en
Publisher: RAND Corporation
Release Date : 1999
U S Government Funding Of Cooperative Research And Development In North America written by Caroline S. Wagner and has been published by RAND Corporation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Business & Economics categories.
Since 1993, U.S. government agencies have spent, on average, more than $100 million a year on research and development projects involving the participation of researchers from Canada and/or Mexico. These activities have been focused primarily on environmental, agricultural, and earth sciences, as well as biomedical and genetic research. The U.S. government's R&D relationship with these two countries, while having common scientific interests, differs in character: The R&D relationship with Canada has the quality of a partnership between equals. In contrast, the relationship with Mexico, while sound and growing, is not an equal exchange, being more formal and having more one-way transfer of information and assistance.
The Evaluation Of Federal Programs In Agricultural Research Education And Extension
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Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Agriculture. Subcommittee on Resource Conservation, Research, and Forestry
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996
The Evaluation Of Federal Programs In Agricultural Research Education And Extension written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Agriculture. Subcommittee on Resource Conservation, Research, and Forestry and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Three House of Representatives' subcommittee hearings were held in March, May, and July 1996 to evaluate the goals, priority setting, and advisory mechanisms of federal programs in agricultural research, education, and extension. To become competitive in global markets, farmers will need to rely on the research community to provide up-to-date technology and market information. The purpose of the hearings was to establish research priorities for the 21st century, improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the federal research investment, and improve accountability through the establishment of a coordinated advisory and priority setting mechanism. Testimony was received from U.S. Senators and Representatives; Under-Secretaries from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA); and spokespersons for agribusiness associations, agricultural science associations, research institutions, land grant universities, and the Extension Service. The following topics were discussed: the role of the National Center for Agricultural Utilization and Research (Peoria, Illinois) in commercialization of agricultural products; financial and political threats to the federal government's role in agricultural research and education; research priorities related to human nutrition, new agricultural and livestock pests and diseases, food safety, and farming's environmental issues; replacing petrochemical ingredients in industrial products with agriculture-based ingredients; proposed participants and processes in setting research priorities for government funding; importance of sustainable agriculture; the needs of rural families and communities that are not usually well supported in USDA budgets and extension programs; worldwide research on consumer food preferences; structure and funding of federally funded agricultural research programs conducted by land grant universities, the USDA Agricultural Research Service, and the agribusiness industry; and the role and methods of the Cooperative Extension Service in disseminating research-based information to farmers. (SV)
Cooperative Research Centers And Technical Innovation
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Author : Craig Boardman
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-09-18
Cooperative Research Centers And Technical Innovation written by Craig Boardman and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-09-18 with Science categories.
At a time when scientific and technical innovation now requires a multitude of heterogeneous inputs and expertise from the public and private sectors alike, cooperative research centers (CRCs) have emerged as the predominant vehicle for cross-sector collaboration. In the U.S. alone, there are thousands of CRCs on university campuses, and agencies like the National Science Foundation, National Institutes of Health, Department of Defense, and more recently the Department of Energy fund CRCs to address some of the nation’s most formidable challenges with science and technology, including cancer and other diseases, terrorism surveillance and the detection of weapons of mass destruction, and new energy technologies and smart energy grid development. Industry oftentimes participates in CRCs for access to knowledge, capacity development, and to mitigate risk. This volume includes research investigating CRCs from North America, Europe, Australia, and Asia to explore the dynamics of CRCs, including but not limited to resource allocation, structure, level of sponsorship, organization and membership, management and operations, objectives and goals, and in doing so identifies both differences and similarities across institutional and national contexts. The volume sheds light on the role of CRCs in promoting innovation, S&T policy, and economic development, and on the practical aspects of successful CRC management. Moreover, the works included in the volume consider the implications for the various stakeholder groups (firms, universities, researchers, students, policymakers) invested in CRCs.
Science And Technology Policy Volume Ii
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Author : Rigas Arvanitis
language : en
Publisher: EOLSS Publications
Release Date : 2009-07-20
Science And Technology Policy Volume Ii written by Rigas Arvanitis and has been published by EOLSS Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-07-20 with Political Science categories.
Science and Technology Policy theme is a component of Encyclopedia of Technology, Information, and Systems Management Resources in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. Science and technology policy covers all the public sector measures designed for the creation, funding, support, and mobilization of scientific and technological resources. The content of the Theme on Science and technology policy provides the essential aspects and a myriad of issues of great relevance to our world such as: Science and Technology Policy; International Dimensions of Science and Technology Policy; The Innovation System; The Policy Making Process in Science and Technology; Regional Perspectives: A New Scenario for Science and Technology Policies in the Developed and Developing World . These two volumes are aimed at the following five major target audiences: University and College students Educators, Professional practitioners, Research personnel and Policy analysts, managers, and decision makers and NGOs
Building Knowledge Regions In North America
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Author : Leonel Corona
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2006-01-01
Building Knowledge Regions In North America written by Leonel Corona and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-01-01 with Business & Economics categories.
Focusing on emerging technology regions of the US, Canada and Mexico, the authors provide an analysis of firms' innovative milieus in three contexts: national systems of innovation, knowledge regions and incubation mechanisms. An overview of the evolution of each region over the past quarter century is presented, along with an evaluation of the effectiveness of science parks and technology incubators in various regional and national environments. Focusing on the technology regions of the US, Canada and Mexico, this book provides an analysis of firms' innovative milieus in three contexts: national systems of innovation, knowledge regions and incubation mechanisms. It also presents an overview of the evolution of each region, along with an evaluation of the effectiveness of science parks.
Publicly Funded Agricultural Research And The Changing Structure Of U S Agriculture
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2002-04-18
Publicly Funded Agricultural Research And The Changing Structure Of U S Agriculture written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-04-18 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) requested that the Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources of the National Research Council (NRC) convene a panel of experts to examine whether publicly funded agricultural research has influenced the structure of U.S. agriculture and, if so, how. The Committee to Review the Role of Publicly Funded Agricultural Research on the Structure of U.S. Agriculture was asked to assess the role of public-sector agricultural research on changes in the size and numbers of farms, with particular emphasis on the evolution of very-large-scale operations.
Colleges Of Agriculture At The Land Grant Universities
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 1995-10-27
Colleges Of Agriculture At The Land Grant Universities written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995-10-27 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Although few Americans work as farmers these days, agriculture on the whole remains economically importantâ€"playing a key role in such contemporary issues as consumer health and nutrition, worker safety and animal welfare, and environmental protection. This publication provides a comprehensive picture of the primary education system for the nation's agriculture industry: the land grant colleges of agriculture. Colleges of Agriculture at the Land Grant Universities informs the public debate about the challenges that will shape the future of these colleges and serves as a foundation for a second volume, which will present recommendations for policy and institutional changes in the land grant system. This book reviews the legislative history of the land grant system from its establishment in 1862 to the 1994 act conferring land grant status on Native American colleges. It describes trends that have shaped agriculture and agricultural education over the decadesâ€"the shift of labor from farm to factory, reasons for and effects of increased productivity and specialization, the rise of the corporate farm, and more. The committee reviews the system's three-part missionâ€"education, research, and extension serviceâ€"and through this perspective documents the changing nature of funding and examines the unique structure of the U.S. agricultural research and education system. Demographic data on faculties, students, extension staff, commodity and funding clusters, and geographic specializations profile the system and identify similarities and differences among the colleges of agriculture, trends in funding, and a host of other issues. The tables in the appendix provide further itemization about general population distribution, student and educator demographics, types of degree programs, and funding allocations. Concise commentary and informative graphics augment the detailed statistical presentations. This book will be important to policymakers, administrators, educators, researchers, and students of agriculture.
Science Engineering Indicators
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002
Science Engineering Indicators written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Electronic journals categories.
International Cooperation In Research And Development
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Author : Caroline S. Wagner
language : en
Publisher: RAND Corporation
Release Date : 2001
International Cooperation In Research And Development written by Caroline S. Wagner and has been published by RAND Corporation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Political Science categories.
Scientific research is becoming increasingly more globalized and more collaborative. At the same time, there is growing pressure within the United States to justify government funding for science and technology (S&T). The potential conflict between these developments raises questions of whether U.S. investment in S&T benefits U.S. taxpayers and whether investment in scientific capacity building overseas has created competition rather than mere assistance. To understand the answers to these questions, this report describes the scope and nature of U.S. spending on international cooperative research and development (ICRD) in fiscal year (FY) 1997. Most spending (over 90 percent) is for collaboration on common research problems among scientists from different countries. Aerospace S&T dominated spending, with biomedical science a distant second. This book finds that the federal government spent $4.4 billion on ICRD in FY 1997, an increase of $1.1 billion over FY 1995. However, this figure may reflect better data collection and increased reporting, rather than an actual increase in spending. The only notable change in the two-year period involves a substantial increase in cooperative activity with Russia, tied heavily to space-related projects.
Agriculture And International Trade
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Author : Michael Cardwell
language : en
Publisher: CABI
Release Date : 2003
Agriculture And International Trade written by Michael Cardwell and has been published by CABI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Business & Economics categories.
The World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Agriculture has had a fundamental impact on agricultural policy worldwide. The new WTO agreements will cover agriculture,sanitary and phytosanitary measures, technical barriers to trade and trade in intellectual property rights. This book addresses the interface between the law of international agricultural trade, the emerging legal and economic order for agricultural trade under the auspices of the WTO, and its impact on agricultural policy reform both in the European Union and the USA. With contributions from leading authorities in the appropriate areas.