Unsettled Issues In Balancing Virtual Closed Course And Public Road Testing Of Automated Driving Systems
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Unsettled Issues In Balancing Virtual Closed Course And Public Road Testing Of Automated Driving Systems
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Author : Sven Beiker
language : en
Publisher: SAE International
Release Date : 2019-12-19
Unsettled Issues In Balancing Virtual Closed Course And Public Road Testing Of Automated Driving Systems written by Sven Beiker and has been published by SAE International this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-12-19 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This SAE EDGE™ Research Report identifies key unsettled issues of interest to the automotive industry regarding the challenges of determining the optimal balance for testing automated driving systems (ADS). Three main issues are outlined that merit immediate interest: First, determining what kind of testing an ADS needs before it is ready to go on the road. Second, the current, optimal, and realistic balance of simulation testing and real-world testing. Third, the challenges of sharing data in the industry. SAE EDGE™ Research Reports are preliminary investigations of new technologies. The three technical issues identified in this report should be discussed in greater depth with the aims of, first, clarifying the scope of the industry-wide alignment needed; second, prioritizing the issues requiring resolution; and, third, creating a plan to generate the necessary frameworks, practices, and protocols. NOTE: SAE EDGE™ Research Reports are intended to identify and illuminate key issues in emerging, but still unsettled, technologies of interest to the mobility industry. The goal of SAE EDGE™ Research Reports is to stimulate discussion and work in the hope of promoting and speeding resolution of identified issues. SAE EDGE™ Research Reports are not intended to resolve the issues they identify or close any topic to further scrutiny. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio. https://doi.org/10.4271/EPR2019011
Unsettled Issues In Remote Operation For On Road Driving Automation
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Author : Sven Beiker
language : en
Publisher: SAE International
Release Date : 2021-12-15
Unsettled Issues In Remote Operation For On Road Driving Automation written by Sven Beiker and has been published by SAE International this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-12-15 with Technology & Engineering categories.
On-road vehicles equipped with driving automation features—where a human might not be needed for operation on-board—are entering the mainstream public space. However, questions like “How safe is safe enough?” and “What to do if the system fails?” persist. This is where remote operation comes in, which is an additional layer to the automated driving system where a human remotely assists the so-called “driverless” vehicle in certain situations. Such remote-operation solutions introduce additional challenges and potential risks as the entire vehicle-network-human now needs to work together safely, effectively, and practically. Unsettled Issues in Remote Operation for On-road Driving Automation highlights technical questions (e.g., network latency, bandwidth, cyber security) and human aspects (e.g., workload, attentiveness, situational awareness) of remote operation and introduces evolving solutions. The report also discusses standards development and regulations—both of which are needed to provide frameworks for the deployment of driving automation with remote operation. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio. https://doi.org/10.4271/EPR2021028
Unsettled Issues Regarding Visual Communication Between Automated Vehicles And Other Road Users
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Author : Sven Beiker
language : en
Publisher: SAE International
Release Date : 2021-07-19
Unsettled Issues Regarding Visual Communication Between Automated Vehicles And Other Road Users written by Sven Beiker and has been published by SAE International this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-07-19 with Technology & Engineering categories.
As automated road vehicles begin their deployment into public traffic, they will need to interact with human driven vehicles, pedestrians, bicyclists, etc. This requires some form of communication between those automated vehicles (AVs) and other road users. Some of these communication modes (e.g., auditory, motion) were previously addressed in “Unsettled Issues Regarding Communication of Automated Vehicles with Other Road Users.” Unsettled Issues Regarding Visual Communication Between Automated Vehicles and Other Road Users focuses on visual communication and its balance of reach, clarity, and intuitiveness, and discusses how different visual modes (e.g., simple lights, rich text) can be used between AVs and other road users. A particular emphasis is put on standardization to highlight how uniformity and mass adoption increase communication efficacy. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio. https://doi.org/10.4271/EPR2021016
Unsettled Domains Concerning Autonomous System Validation And Verification Processes
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Author : Fabio Alonso da Silva
language : en
Publisher: SAE International
Release Date : 2019-12-30
Unsettled Domains Concerning Autonomous System Validation And Verification Processes written by Fabio Alonso da Silva and has been published by SAE International this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-12-30 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the Department of Transportation’s (DOT’s) National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) face similar challenges regarding the regulation of autonomous systems powered by artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms that replace the human factor in the decision-making process. Validation and verification (V&V) processes contribute to implementation of correct system requirements and the development life cycle - starting with the definition of regulatory, marketing, operational, performance, and safety requirements. The V&V process is one of the steps of a development life cycle starting with the definition of regulatory, marketing, operational, performance, and safety requirements. They define what a product is, and they flow down into lower level requirements defining control architectures, hardware, and software. The industry is attempting to define regulatory requirements and a framework to gain safety clearance of such products. This report suggests a regulatory text and a safety and V&V approach from an aerospace engineering perspective assessing the replacement of the human driver from the decision-making role by a computational system. It also suggests an approach where aerospace guidelines can be used alongside the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standard ISO 26262 in order to define a viable and valuable framework for autonomous systems safety clearance (or certification). NOTE: SAE EDGE™ Research Reports are intended to identify and illuminate key issues in emerging, but still unsettled, technologies of interest to the mobility industry. The goal of SAE EDGE™ Research Reports is to stimulate discussion and work in the hope of promoting and speeding resolution of identified issues. SAE EDGE™ Research Reports are not intended to resolve the issues they identify or close any topic to further scrutiny. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio. https://doi.org/10.4271/EPR2019012
Next Generation Sensors For Automated Road Vehicles
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Author : Sven Beiker
language : en
Publisher: SAE International
Release Date : 2023-02-20
Next Generation Sensors For Automated Road Vehicles written by Sven Beiker and has been published by SAE International this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-02-20 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This follow-up report to the inaugural SAE EDGE Research Report on “Unsettled Topics Concerning Sensors for Automated Road Vehicles” reviews the progress made in automated vehicle (AV) sensors over the past four to five years. Additionally, it addresses persistent disagreement and confusion regarding certain terms for describing sensors, the different strengths and shortcomings of particular sensors, and procedures regarding how to specify and evaluate them. Next-gen Automated Road Vehicle Sensors summarizes current trends and debates (e.g., sensor fusion, embedded AI, simulation) as well as future directions and needs. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio. https://doi.org/10.4271/EPR2023003
Autonomous Driving
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Author : Markus Maurer
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-05-21
Autonomous Driving written by Markus Maurer and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-05-21 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book takes a look at fully automated, autonomous vehicles and discusses many open questions: How can autonomous vehicles be integrated into the current transportation system with diverse users and human drivers? Where do automated vehicles fall under current legal frameworks? What risks are associated with automation and how will society respond to these risks? How will the marketplace react to automated vehicles and what changes may be necessary for companies? Experts from Germany and the United States define key societal, engineering, and mobility issues related to the automation of vehicles. They discuss the decisions programmers of automated vehicles must make to enable vehicles to perceive their environment, interact with other road users, and choose actions that may have ethical consequences. The authors further identify expectations and concerns that will form the basis for individual and societal acceptance of autonomous driving. While the safety benefits of such vehicles are tremendous, the authors demonstrate that these benefits will only be achieved if vehicles have an appropriate safety concept at the heart of their design. Realizing the potential of automated vehicles to reorganize traffic and transform mobility of people and goods requires similar care in the design of vehicles and networks. By covering all of these topics, the book aims to provide a current, comprehensive, and scientifically sound treatment of the emerging field of “autonomous driving".
Autonomous Vehicle Technology
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Author : James M. Anderson
language : en
Publisher: Rand Corporation
Release Date : 2014-01-10
Autonomous Vehicle Technology written by James M. Anderson and has been published by Rand Corporation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-01-10 with Transportation categories.
The automotive industry appears close to substantial change engendered by “self-driving” technologies. This technology offers the possibility of significant benefits to social welfare—saving lives; reducing crashes, congestion, fuel consumption, and pollution; increasing mobility for the disabled; and ultimately improving land use. This report is intended as a guide for state and federal policymakers on the many issues that this technology raises.
Automating Army Convoys
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Author : Shawn McKay
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020-03-15
Automating Army Convoys written by Shawn McKay and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-03-15 with History categories.
How should the U.S. Army develop and integrate automated driving technology for its convoy operations in the next one to five years? The authors examine the technical and tactical benefits and risks of employment concepts for automated trucks.
World Report On Road Traffic Injury Prevention
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Author : Marjorie Peden
language : en
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
Release Date : 2008-09
World Report On Road Traffic Injury Prevention written by Marjorie Peden and has been published by DIANE Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-09 with Transportation categories.
Every day thousands of people are killed and injured on our roads. Millions of people each year will spend long weeks in the hospital after severe crashes and many will never be able to live, work or play as they used to do. Current efforts to address road safety are minimal in comparison to this growing human suffering. This report presents a comprehensive overview of what is known about the magnitude, risk factors and impact of road traffic injuries, and about ways to prevent and lessen the impact of road crashes. Over 100 experts, from all continents and different sectors -- including transport, engineering, health, police, education and civil society -- have worked to produce the report. Charts and tables.
The Purchasing Chessboard
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Author : Christian Schuh
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-11-27
The Purchasing Chessboard written by Christian Schuh and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-11-27 with Business & Economics categories.
The approach used on a given spend item should largely depend on the balance between supply power and demand power. That is the logic behind the bestselling Purchasing Chessboard®, used by hundreds of corporations worldwide to reduce costs and increase value with suppliers. The 64 squares in the Purchasing Chessboard provide a rich reservoir of methods that can be applied either individually or combined. And because many of these methods are not customarily used by procurement, the Purchasing Chessboard is also the perfect tool for helping buyers to think and act outside the box and find new solutions. A well-proven concept that works across all industries and all categories in any given situation, it is little wonder that business leaders and procurement professionals alike are excited by, and enjoy strategizing around, the Purchasing Chessboard. This second edition of The Purchasing Chessboard addresses the new realities of a highly volatile economic environment and describes the many—sometimes surprising—ways in which the Purchasing Chessboard is being used in today's business world. Yet despite all of the great achievements of procurement executives and their teams, they do not always receive the recognition they deserve. In response, the authors have developed and outlined within the book an unequivocal approach to measure procurement’s impact on a company’s performance—Return on Supply Management Assets (ROSMA®).