Untangling The Role Of Tau In Physiology And Pathology

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Untangling The Role Of Tau In Physiology And Pathology

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Author : Jesus Avila
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2020-07-08

Untangling The Role Of Tau In Physiology And Pathology written by Jesus Avila and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-07-08 with categories.

This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.

Nuclear Proteins

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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2025-01-23

Nuclear Proteins written by and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-01-23 with Science categories.

Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology, Volume 143 in the series, covers reviews of methodology and research in all aspects of protein chemistry, including purification/expression, proteomics, modeling and structural determination and design. Chapters in this new release include Therapeutic insight into the role of nuclear protein HNF4α in liver carcinogenesis, Structural mechanism of nucleoporins in cancer disease, Identification of nuclear matrix proteins (novel genes) in bladder cancer using Bioinformatic approaches, A comparative study of nuclear proteins of different cancers - A systematic review, Role of lamins in cellular physiology and cancer, and much more.Other chapters cover Nuclear Hormone Receptors as Drug Targets: Advancements and Future Prospects, Proteins binding to tandemly repeated DNA: familiar strangers, HMGB1, R-loops and genome stability, Nuclear tau accumulation in Alzheimer's Disease, and Histone deacetylase's (HDACs) regulates Tau function in Alzheimer's Disease. - Covers various aspects, such as their structure, function, regulation, and roles in cellular processes - Includes subclasses of nuclear proteins, discussing their specific functions and involvement in different cellular processes such as DNA replication, transcription, DNA repair, and chromatin remodeling - Presents the signaling pathways and biochemical processes involved in their activation, transport, and localization within the nucleus

Tau Biology

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Author : Akihiko Takashima
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2020-02-25

Tau Biology written by Akihiko Takashima and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-02-25 with Medical categories.

This book presents essential studies and cutting-edge research results on tau, which is attracting increasing interest as a target for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Tau is well known as a microtubule-associated protein that is predominantly localized in the axons of neurons. In various forms of brain disease, neuronal loss occurs, with deposition of hyperphosphorylated tau in the remaining neurons. Important questions remain regarding the way in which tau forms hyperphosphorylated and fibrillar deposits in neurons, and whether tau aggregation represents the toxic pathway leading to neuronal death. With the help of new technologies, researchers are now solving these long-standing questions. In this book, readers will find the latest expert knowledge on all aspects of tau biology, including the structure and role of the tau molecule, tau localization and function, the pathology, drivers, and markers of tauopathies, tau aggregation, and treatments targeting tau. Tau Biology will be an invaluable source of information and fresh ideas for those involved in the development of more effective therapies and for all who seek a better understanding of the biology of the aging brain.

Neurological Functions Of The Masterswitch Protein Kinase Gsk 3

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Author : Oksana Kaidanovich-Beilin
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers E-books
Release Date :

Neurological Functions Of The Masterswitch Protein Kinase Gsk 3 written by Oksana Kaidanovich-Beilin and has been published by Frontiers E-books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.

The functions of the brain that allow us to think, feel, move, and perceive the world are the result of an exchange of information within a network composed of millions of specialized cells called neurons and glia. Neurons use neurotransmitters and other extracellular messengers to communicate with each other, and to constantly update and re-organize their network of connections in a process known as neural plasticity. In order to respond to these extracellular signals, neurons are equipped with specialized receptors that can recognize a single neurotransmitter a bit like a lock would recognize a key. They do this by activating or inhibiting a class of specialized signaling proteins and second messengers. Typically, signaling proteins are themselves organized in networks or pathways in which they activate or inhibit each other in order to integrate the mass of information received by a single cell and to regulate the biological functions of this cell. As we can see, rather than simply being a network of neurons, the brain can be seen as a sort of “Russian doll” in which each neuron is at the same time a part of networks with other neurons and the receptacle of many networks composed of signaling proteins. Two individual genes encode two paralogous signaling proteins: Glycogen Synthase Kinase -3 alpha and beta (GSK-3a, GSK-3b), named for its ability to phosphorylate a key metabolic enzyme of glycogen synthesis, glycogen synthase. This unique “glamour and gloom” protein kinase, has been intriguing many researches for over 30 years by its unusual features, still unknown mechanisms of its activation, its regulation by multiple “key” intracellular pathways, and its capacity to influence the functions of many substrates. Since GSK-3 was discovered, there has been significant progress in elucidating its regulatory roles in the neuron and the structure and functions of the brain. Lithium has been used as a gold standard in the treatment of bipolar disorder for 60 years; and “GSK-3’s renaissance” in psychiatry began with the discovery of GSK-3 as lithium's intracellular target. Since then, GSK3 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of mood disorders, schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s disease, ADHD, multiple sclerosis, Fragile X syndrome and Huntington disease. Connections to these and other diseases has led over the last 10 years to the generation of multiple types of GSK-3 inhibitors as promising therapeutic treatments for the aforementioned pathological conditions. During last couple years new genetic models have been generated, including conventional and conditional mouse models, allowing the discovery of new roles of GSK-3 in the mechanism of neurotransmitter action, neurodevelopment, learning and memory formation, GSK-3’s gene - effect on mouse behavior, and other functions. Thus, GSK-3 has been well-established as an intracellular second messenger for several neurotransmitter systems, and as an important therapeutic target of mood stabilizers, antipsychotics and psychomimetic drugs. The proposed Specific Topic for Frontiers in Neuroscience will be focused on the latest advances from leading laboratories in this area, subdivided into 5 topics: (1) GSK-3 history, mechanism of regulation, substrate specificity and comparison between the brain function of two GSK-3 genes through new animal models and cell biology approaches; (2) role of GSK-3 in neurodevelopment and neuronal structure; (3) involvement of GSK-3 in synaptic functions, learning and memory, and in serotonin and dopamine pathways; (4) role of GSK-3 in neuroinflammation, and application to the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis, AD, schizophrenia, Fragile X, brain tumors, stroke and bipolar disorder; (5) development of GSK-3 inhibitors and their application in psychiatry, including special discussion about the mechanism of lithium action.

Tau Oligomers

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Author : Jesus Avila
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers E-books
Release Date : 2014-08-18

Tau Oligomers written by Jesus Avila and has been published by Frontiers E-books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-08-18 with Medicine (General) categories.

Neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) composed of intracellular aggregates of tau protein are a key neuropathological feature of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases, collectively termed tauopathies. The abundance of NFTs has been reported to correlate positively with the severity of cognitive impairment in AD. However, accumulating evidences derived from studies of experimental models have identified that NFTs themselves may not be neurotoxic. Now, many of tau researchers are seeking a “toxic” form of tau protein. Moreover, it was suggested that a “toxic” tau was capable to seed aggregation of native tau protein and to propagate in a prion-like manner. However, the exact neurotoxic tau species remain unclear. Because mature tangles seem to be non-toxic component, “tau oligomers” as the candidate of “toxic” tau have been investigated for more than one decade. In this topic, we will discuss our consensus of “tau oligomers” because the term of “tau oligomers” [e.g. dimer (disulfide bond-dependent or independent), multimer (more than dimer), granular (definition by EM or AFM) and maybe small filamentous aggregates] has been used by each researchers definition. From a biochemical point of view, tau protein has several unique characteristics such as natively unfolded conformation, thermo-stability, acid-stability, and capability of post-translational modifications. Although tau protein research has been continued for a long time, we are still missing the mechanisms of NFT formation. It is unclear how the conversion is occurred from natively unfolded protein to abnormally mis-folded protein. It remains unknown how tau protein can be formed filaments [e.g. paired helical filament (PHF), straight filament and twisted filament] in cells albeit in vitro studies confirmed tau self-assembly by several inducing factors. Researchers are still debating whether tau oligomerization is primary event rather than tau phosphorylation in the tau pathogenesis. Inhibition of either tau phosphorylation or aggregation has been investigated for the prevention of tauopathies, however, it will make an irrelevant result if we don’t know an exact target of neurotoxicity. It is a time to have a consensus of definition, terminology and methodology for the identification of “tau oligomers”.

Tau Protein

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Author : Caroline Smet-Nocca
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2024-03-21

Tau Protein written by Caroline Smet-Nocca and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-03-21 with Science categories.

This volume explores the latest advancements and techniques to study Tau protein that include basic and advanced methods and protocols from in vitro assays to in vivo models that address the molecular and functional aspects of tau physiopathology and many of its related technical issues. The chapters in this book are organized into five parts: Part One describes conformational and functional studies of native tau protein using wet and non-wet lab protocols. Part Two looks at in vitro methods to monitor or control the formation of Tau oligomers and fibrils, and the fibrillization process. Part Three provides protocols for the characterization and in vitro introduction of post-translational modifications in Tau protein for further functional studies. Part Four describes analytical tools for the detection of Tau proteins under various forms, factors associated with Tau pathology, and MAPT gene studies. Finally, Part Five explores cellular and in vivo models for the investigations of Tau physiopathology. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and comprehensive, Tau Proteins: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition is a valuable tool for any researcher interested in learning more about this important and developing field related to Tau protein as a relevant and attractive target for neurodegeneration therapies.

Proteostasis And Chaperone Surveillance

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Author : Laishram Rajendrakumar Singh
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-11-26

Proteostasis And Chaperone Surveillance written by Laishram Rajendrakumar Singh and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-11-26 with Science categories.

Proteostasis is central to the development of various human diseases caused due to excessive protein misfolding and the disregulation of the protein quality control system. In this book, respected researchers from many leading institutions contribute their insights on proteostasis maintenance. The coverage mainly focuses on the basics of maintaining proteostasis, the consequences of proteostatic system failure, and how chaperone systems constantly maintain proteostasis. In addition, the book presents in detail different treatment strategies for diseases caused by proteostatic system failure, as well as the inhibition of proteostatic failure using small molecule compounds. It examines advances in the modulation of proteopathies, providing a comprehensive source of key mechanistic insights on these diseases. As such, the book offers a valuable resource for beginners and more experienced investigators alike who are looking for detailed and reliable information on protein homeostasis, the diseases that can develop due to related imbalances and the essential role of molecular and chemical chaperones.

Cumulated Index Medicus

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999

Cumulated Index Medicus written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Medicine categories.

Computational And Experimental Studies In Alzheimer S Disease

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Author : Kunal Bhattacharya
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2024-03-29

Computational And Experimental Studies In Alzheimer S Disease written by Kunal Bhattacharya and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-03-29 with Science categories.

This reference book compiles the recent advances in computational and experimental modelling to screen and manage Alzheimer’s disease. It covers basic etiopathology and various in vitro and in vivo strategies of disease intervention. The book discusses how computer-aided drug design approaches reduce costs and increase biological test efficiency. It reviews the screening for anti-Alzheimer drugs and biomarker analysis of disease inhibitors. The book also explores mechanistic aspects of neurodegeneration and the use of natural products as therapeutics for Alzheimer’s disease. Key features: Elaborates on the computational modelling of protein target inhibitors as anti-Alzheimer’s agents Explains the role of phytomolecules and natural products in Alzheimer’s therapy Reviews preclinical ways to assess drugs focusing on Alzheimer’s disease Covers biomarker analysis for Alzheimer’s disease Discusses the onset and progression of Alzheimer’s disease The book is meant for professionals, researchers, and students of neuroscience, psychology, and computational neurosciences.

The Molecular Pathology Of Cognitive Decline Focus On Metals

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Author : Paul A. Adlard
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2016-02-02

The Molecular Pathology Of Cognitive Decline Focus On Metals written by Paul A. Adlard and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-02-02 with Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry categories.

In the past two decades there have been significant advances made in understanding the cellular and molecular alterations that occur with brain ageing, as well as with our understanding of age-related brain diseases. Ageing is associated with a mid-life decline in many cognitive domains (eg. Attention, working memory, episodic memory) that progresses with advancing age and which may be potentiated by a variety of diseases. However, despite the breadth of attempts to explain it, the underlying basis for age-related memory impairment remains poorly understood. Both normal and “pathological” ageing (as in age-related neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease) may be associated with overlapping and increased levels of “abnormal” pathology, and this may be a potential mediator of cognitive decline in both populations. An emerging hypothesis in this field is that metal ion dys/homeostasis may represent a primary unifying mechanism to explain age- and disease-associated memory impairment – either indirectly via an effect on disease pathogenesis, or by a direct effect on signaling pathways relevant to learning and memory. There remains a concerted worldwide effort to deliver an effective therapeutic treatment for cognitive decline associated with ageing and/or disease, which is currently an unmet need. There have been numerous clinical trials conducted specifically testing drugs to prevent cognitive decline and progression to dementia, but to date the results have been less than impressive, highlighting the urgent need for a greater understanding of the neurobiological basis of memory impairment in ageing and disease which can then drive the search for effective therapeutics.