Utilization Of Mammalian Specific Locus Studies In Hazard Evaluation And Estimation Of Genetic Risk
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Utilization Of Mammalian Specific Locus Studies In Hazard Evaluation And Estimation Of Genetic Risk
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Author : F.J. De Serres
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Utilization Of Mammalian Specific Locus Studies In Hazard Evaluation And Estimation Of Genetic Risk written by F.J. De Serres and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
The magnitude of the threat to the human genetic material posed by environmental agents has not as yet been fully determined. Never theless, the potential hazards of many chemicals have been identi fied by studies on lower organisms. However, too little is known regarding the comparability or lack of it between the metabolic pathways available in such organisms and those in man. Although at present there is great public concern for what is considered by some as the excessive use of laboratory animals in toxicological testing, it seems clear that the usage of mammalian systems may be deemed necessary. It has been proposed that cell culture systems might suffice to meet this need, however, such approaches cannot match the complexity of physiological occurances that are present in the intact animal. For studies of genetic effects, some non-invasive human test systems are presently available. These do not, however, meet the re quirements for extensive laboratory studies. In order to assess the risks to humans of environmental factors such laboratory investiga tions are essential. Therefore, for the forseeable future reliance on experiments using laboratory animals will be necessary. This Volume, which contains the proceedings of a workshop which was held at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, March 29-31, 1982, explores the existing methodologies and their utility for risk estimations. It covers the most well developed human systems, as well as the most widely used animal tests.
Utilization Of Mammalian Specific Locus Studies In Hazard Evaluation And Estimation Of Genetic Risk Volume 28
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Author : FJ de Serres (Ed)
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1983
Utilization Of Mammalian Specific Locus Studies In Hazard Evaluation And Estimation Of Genetic Risk Volume 28 written by FJ de Serres (Ed) and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1983 with categories.
Assessment Of Risk From Low Level Exposure To Radiation And Chemicals
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Author : A. D. Woodhead
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-11-21
Assessment Of Risk From Low Level Exposure To Radiation And Chemicals written by A. D. Woodhead and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-21 with Medical categories.
The present workshop had its orlglns in discussions among Alexander Hollaender, Oddvar Nygaard, Donald Borg, Richard Setlow and Victor Bond on the need for a symposium that would deal with a broad spectrum of pressing subjects related to the physics, chemistry, and biological actions of ionizing radiations, and the theoretical and practical problems of risk assessment. It soon became apparent that the spectrum of subjects considered was too broad for the desired depth of coverage; in fact, it seemed un likely that the conference participants would have the background knowledge to span the gamut. Therefore, two separate meetings were decided upon, the first of which, Comparison of Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis by Radiation and Chemical Agents, was held at the National Bureau of Standards, Gaithersburg on December 6-7, 1983. The meeting was sponsored by the NCI. The second meeting has emerged as the present workshop at Brookhaven National Laboratory. An interface between the two conferences has been provided by Michael Fry and Donald Borg, who have summarized the salient points emanating from the NCI Symposium. We intended that the first conference should focus on the basic mechanisms of radiation and chemical carcinogenesis, while the second, the present meeting, would emphasize exposure-response relationships, particularly the theoretical and practical similar ities and differences between exposure to chemical carcinogens compared to exposure to ionizing radiation.
Individual Susceptibility To Genotoxic Agents In The Human Population
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Author : Frederick J. De Serres
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Individual Susceptibility To Genotoxic Agents In The Human Population written by Frederick J. De Serres and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
As a result of the industrial revolution, man's technological achievements have been truly great, increasing the quality of life to almost unimagined proportions; but all this progress has not been accomplished without equally un imagined health risks. Sufficiently diagnostic short-term assay procedures have been developed in recent years for us to determine that there are mutagenic agents among thou sands of chemicals to which the human population is exposed today. These chemicals were not significantly present prior to the indus trial revolution. As of today, there are no procedures available which have been adequately demonstrated to assess individual sus ceptibility to genotoxic exposures, and as a result we have had to rely on extrapolating toxicological data from animal model systems. The question is can we afford to allow such an increased environ mental selection pressure via mutagenic exposures to occur without expecting adverse long-term effects on our health. It is apparent from this line of reasoning that what is lacking and immediately needed are test procedures that can be applied to humans to assess genotoxic exposure as well as individual susceptibility to it. There have already been two conferences which have focused at tention on this research area. "Guidelines for studies of human populations exposed to mutagenic and reproductive hazards" (A. D. Bloom, ed., March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation, White Plains, New York, 1981) and "Indicators of genotoxic exposure in humans" (Banbury Report 13, B. A. Bridges, B. E. Butterworth, and I. B.
Women In The Biological Sciences
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Author : Carol A. Biermann
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Release Date : 1997-07-16
Women In The Biological Sciences written by Carol A. Biermann and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997-07-16 with Science categories.
Biology textbooks and books on the history of science generally give a limited picture of the roles women have played in the growth and development of the biological sciences, mentioning primarily the Nobel laureates. This book provides a definitive archival collection of essays on a larger group of women, profiling both their work and their lives. The volume includes 65 representative women from different countries and eras, and from as many branches of biological investigation as possible. In addition to biographical information and an evaluation of the woman's career and significance, each entry provides a full bibliographic listing of works by and about the subject. The volume includes entries on women who have gained recognition through attainment of advanced degrees despite familial and societal pressures, innovative research results, influence exerted in teaching and guidance of students, active participation and leadership in professional societies, extensive scholarly publication, participation on journal editorial boards, extensive field experience, and influence on public and political scientific policymaking. A woman was considered eligible for inclusion if she met several of these criteria. Providing a historical perspective, the book is limited to women who were born before 1930 or are deceased.
Male Mediated Developmental Toxicity
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Author : Andrew F. Olshan
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Male Mediated Developmental Toxicity written by Andrew F. Olshan and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.
The cause of many of the adverse reproductive outcomes and developmental diseases among offspring is not well understood. Most of the epidemiologic and experimental animal research has focused on the relationship between maternal exposures including medications, tobacco smoke, alcohol, infections, and occupation and the occurrence of spontaneous abortion, low birth weight, and birth defects. The potential role of paternal exposures has not been investigated as extensively despite long-standing animal research that demonstrates the induction of mutations in the male germ cell after exposure to certain agents and subsequent reproductive failure or early pregnancy loss. Given this relative lack of interest, acquisition of epidemiologic data and the development of a definitive model or mechanism for potential male-mediated effects has been hindered. However, recent laboratory and epidemiologic investigations have suggested that paternal exposures may be more important than previously suspected. This topic has been termed by some as "male-mediated developmental toxicity. " This is meant to refer to the effects of exposures and other factors relating to the male parent that result in toxicity to the conceptus and abnormal development. The developmental endpoints of interest can include fetal loss, congenital abnormalities, growth retardation, cancer, and neurobehavioral effects. These effects may operate through a variety of mechanisms including gene mutation, chromosomal aberrations, seminal fluid transfer of toxicants and epigenetic events.
Current Catalog
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Author : National Library of Medicine (U.S.)
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date :
Current Catalog written by National Library of Medicine (U.S.) and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with Medicine categories.
First multi-year cumulation covers six years: 1965-70.
National Library Of Medicine Current Catalog
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Author : National Library of Medicine (U.S.)
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date :
National Library Of Medicine Current Catalog written by National Library of Medicine (U.S.) and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with Medicine categories.
Scientific Directory And Annual Bibliography
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Author : National Institutes of Health (U.S.)
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1984
Scientific Directory And Annual Bibliography written by National Institutes of Health (U.S.) and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1984 with Medical research personnel categories.
Genetics And The Law Iii
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Author : Aubrey Milunsky
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-11-11
Genetics And The Law Iii written by Aubrey Milunsky and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-11 with Medical categories.
It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, ... it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair. . . . -Charles Dickens, A Tale of Two Cities Dickens, of course, did not have the contemporary dilemmas of modern genetics in mind. Indeed, we need to remind ourselves how short the history of modern genetics really is. Recognition that genetic traits are carried by deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) occurred only about 40 years ago. Knowledge of the three-dimensional structure of DNA is only about 30 years old. The correct number of human chromosomes was not deter mined until the mid-1950s, and Down syndrome was recognized only in 1959. It was not until in 1968 that the exact location of a gene was determined on an autosomal chromo some, and the study of genes, rather than their protein products, has been possible for barely a decade.