Wheat Evolution And Domestication
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Wheat Evolution And Domestication
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Author : Moshe Feldman
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2023-10-03
Wheat Evolution And Domestication written by Moshe Feldman and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-10-03 with Science categories.
This open access book covers a century of research on wheat genetics and evolution, starting with the discovery in 1918 of the accurate number of chromosomes in wheat. We re-evaluate classical studies that are pillars of the current knowledge considering recent genomic data in the wheat group comprising 31 species from the genera Amblyopyrum, Aegilops, Triticum, and other more distant relatives. For these species, we describe morphology, ecogeographical distribution, phylogeny as well as cytogenetic and genomic features. For crops, we also address evolution under human selection, namely pre-domestication cultivation and domestication. We re-examine the genetic and archeological evidence of where, when, and how domestication occurred. We discuss unique aspects of genome evolution and maintenance under polyploidization, in natural and synthetic allopolyploids of the wheat group. Finally, we propose some thoughts on the future prospects of wheat improvement. As such, it can be of great interest to wheat researchers and breeders as well as to plant scientists and students interested in plant genetics, evolution, domestication, and polyploidy.
Evolution Of Wild Emmer And Wheat Improvement
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Author : E. Nevo
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-06-29
Evolution Of Wild Emmer And Wheat Improvement written by E. Nevo and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-29 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book is about the contribution to evolutionary theory and agricultural technology of one of humankind's most dramatic imitations of the evolu tionary process, namely crop domestication, as exemplified by the progenitor of wheat, Triticum dicoccoides. This species is a major model organism and it has been studied at the Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, since 1979. The domestication by humans of wild plants to cultivated ones during the last ten millennia is one of the best demonstrations of evolution. It is a process that has been condensed in time and advanced by artificial rather than natural selection. Plant and animal domestication revolutionized human cultural evolution and is the major factor underlying human civilization. A post-Pleistocene global rise in temperature following the ice age, i.e., climatic-environmental factors, may have induced the expansion of econom ically important thermophilous plants and in turn promoted complex forag ing and plant cultivation. The shift from foraging to steady production led to an incipient agriculture varying in time in various part of the world. In the Levant, agriculture developed out of an intensive specialized exploitation of plants and animals. Natufian sedentism, followed by rapid population growth and resource stress, induced by the expanding desert, coupled with available grinding technology, may have triggered plant domestication.
Grass Evolution And Domestication
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Author : Geoffrey Peter Chapman
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1992-10-22
Grass Evolution And Domestication written by Geoffrey Peter Chapman and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992-10-22 with Gardening categories.
An examination of the domestication of grasses and cereals over the last ten thousand years.
Wheat
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Author : Brett F. Carver
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2009-09-15
Wheat written by Brett F. Carver and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-09-15 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Wheat: Science and Trade is an up-to-date, comprehensive reference work designed to expand the current body of knowledge on this staple crop, incorporating new information made available by genetic advances, improvements in the understanding of wheat's biology, and changes in the wheat trade industry. Covering phylogeny and ontogeny, manipulation of the environment and optimal management, genetic improvement, and utilization and commercialization, the book focuses on the most economically significant diseases and impacts
Domestication Driven Metaorganism Evolution In Wheat
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Author : Ezgi Özkurt
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Domestication Driven Metaorganism Evolution In Wheat written by Ezgi Özkurt and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with Domestication categories.
Evolution In Action
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Author : Matthias Glaubrecht
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2010-07-24
Evolution In Action written by Matthias Glaubrecht and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-07-24 with Science categories.
Radiations, or Evolution in Action We have just celebrated the “Darwin Year” with the double anniversary of his 200th birthday and 150th year of his masterpiece, “On the Origin of Species by means of Natural Selection”. In this work, Darwin established the factual evidence of biological evolution, that species change over time, and that new organisms arise by the splitting of ancestral forms into two or more descendant species. However, above all, Darwin provided the mechanisms by arguing convincingly that it is by natural selection – as well as by sexual selection (as he later added) – that organisms adapt to their environment. The many discoveries since then have essentially con?rmed and strengthened Darwin’s central theses, with latest evidence, for example, from molecular genetics, revealing the evolutionary relationships of all life forms through one shared history of descent from a common ancestor. We have also come a long way to progressively understand more on how new species actually originate, i. e. on speciation which remained Darwin’s “mystery of m- teries”, as noted in one of his earliest transmutation notebooks. Since speciation is the underlying mechanism for radiations, it is the ultimate causation for the biological diversity of life that surrounds us.
Domestication Of Plants In The Old World
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Author : Daniel Zohary
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press on Demand
Release Date : 2012-03
Domestication Of Plants In The Old World written by Daniel Zohary and has been published by Oxford University Press on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-03 with Science categories.
Cereals; 4.
Plant Evolution And The Origin Of Crop Species
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Author : James F. Hancock
language : en
Publisher: CABI
Release Date : 2012
Plant Evolution And The Origin Of Crop Species written by James F. Hancock and has been published by CABI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Science categories.
This book is divided into two parts. Part 1 deals with the evolutionary processes, describing the chromosome structure, genetic variation, multifactorial genome, polyploidy, gene duplication and speciation. Part 2 deals with the origins of agriculture and the dynamics of plant domestication, covering some cereal grains, protein plants, starchy staple and sugar crops, as well as fruit, vegetable, fibre and oil crops. A chapter on ex situ and in situ conservation of germplasm resources is included.
Assessing The Role Of Karaca Da Wild Emmer In Wheat Domestication And Wheat Improvement
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Author : Chad Michael Jorgensen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Assessing The Role Of Karaca Da Wild Emmer In Wheat Domestication And Wheat Improvement written by Chad Michael Jorgensen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
Wild emmer (Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides) is the progenitor of all domesticated wheat grown today, both tetraploid and hexaploid. The understanding of wild emmer's origin, the evolution of its genome, the structure and evolution of its genetic diversity, and the ways it contributed to the evolution of domesticated wheat is essential for advancing the basic and applied biology of wheat. It has been hypothesized that emmer was domesticated in the Karaca Dağ region in southeastern Turkey, yet, no analysis of domestication genes has been reported in this population. To fill this knowledge gap, accession PI 428082 from the Karaca Dağ region was crossed to durum 'Langdon' (LDN) to construct a genetic mapping population and genetic linkage maps, and map loci controlling domestication traits. First, using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, the relationship of this accession to other accessions of wild emmer in the Karaca Dağ region and domesticated wheat was determined. PI 428082 was embedded in the Karaca Dağ wild emmer branch in the phylogenetic tree, indicating that it is representative of the Karaca Dağ wild emmer population. Recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from the cross LDN x PI 428082 were developed, a genetic map comprising 2,650 unique SNP markers and spanning 1727.93 cM was constructed and compared to the genome sequence of Aegilops tauschii, a wild relative of the wheat D genome, to investigate chromosomal rearrangements and evolution of wild emmer genome. A major structural change observed in the PI 428082 genome was a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 3B and 6B, in addition to the already known 4A-5A-7B translocations and 4A pericentric and paracentric inversions. In addition to these rearrangements, the most common type of chromosome rearrangement was an intrachromosomal translocation. The genetic map was inconsistent with the current model of the evolution of chromosome 4A. The origin of 4A rearrangements was shown to be contemporary with the speciation of wild emmer. The study of diversity in chromosome 4A in the Karaca Dağ wild emmer uncovered a selective sweep in this chromosome that was absent from hexaploid wheat. The absence of diversity from a large portion of chromosome 4A of wild emmer population that is proposed to be the ancestor of all domesticated wheat calls into question the ancestral nature of this wild emmer population. To further characterize the relationship of PI 428082 to domesticated wheat, the LDN x PI 428082 RIL population was grown in the field for three years and measured a suite of domestication-related traits. Domestication-related QTLs were discovered and mapped. To compare them with domestication QTLs on homoeologous chromosomes and QTLs published by others, the 64 QTLs discovered here and 60 domestication QTLs discovered by others were aligned on the Ae. tauschii genome sequence. This allowed for the more precise determination of the locations of some of the QTLs and the identification of candidate genes among genes isolated in other grass genomes. Virtually all QTLs described by others in wild emmer QTL studies segregated in the LDN x PI 428082 RIL population, suggesting the presence of wild alleles at most of the domestication loci in PI 428082. This is consistent with PI 428082 and other wild emmer in the Karaca Dağ region being a wild population, and argues against the possibility that the population was derived from hybridization with domesticated wheat. Segregation for wild traits, such as brittle rachis and glume tenacity, in the RIL population made it unsuitable for the analysis of agronomic traits. Therefore, reciprocal inbred backcross lines (IBLs) from the cross LDN x PI 428082 were developed. By merging two IBL populations derived from backcrosses to the wild and domesticated parents, the creation of a genotyping matrix suitable for genetic mapping was possible. The LDN x PI 428082 map consisted of 1,830 unique markers and spanned 2,057 cM of the tetraploid genome. It was consistent with the map made using the RIL population, as 98% of markers that could be compared were in the same order. QTL analysis was also performed with this map and QTLs were aligned on the Aegilops tauschii genome sequence for comparison. The locations of QTL shared by the IBL and RIL maps were consistent. Hence, both marker order and QTL locations validated the approach to the IBL map construction and QTL mapping.
Crop Evolution Adaptation And Yield
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Author : L. T. Evans
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1996-05-02
Crop Evolution Adaptation And Yield written by L. T. Evans and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-05-02 with Science categories.
In this major 1993 work, Lloyd Evans provides an integrated view of the domestication, adaptation and improvement of crop plants, bringing together genetic diversity, plant breeding, physiology and aspects of agronomy. Considerations of yield and maximum yield provide continuity throughout the book. Food, feed, fibre, fuel and pharmaceutical crops are all discussed. Cereals, grain legumes and root crops, both temperate and tropical, provide many of the examples, but pasture plants, oilseeds, leafy crops, fruit trees and others are also considered. After the introductory chapter, the increasing significance of crop yields to the world's food supply is highlighted. The next three chapters consider changes to crop plants over the last ten thousand years, including domestication, adaptation and improvement. Aimed at research workers and advanced students in crop physiology and ecology, agronomy and plant breeding, this book also reaches conclusions of relevance to those concerned with developmental policy, agricultural research and management, environmental quality, resource depletion and human history.