Words Thoughts And Theories

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Words Thoughts And Theories

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Author : Alison Gopnik
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 1998-09-01

Words Thoughts And Theories written by Alison Gopnik and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998-09-01 with Psychology categories.

Words, Thoughts, and Theories articulates and defends the "theory theory" of cognitive and semantic development, the idea that infants and young children, like scientists, learn about the world by forming and revising theories, a view of the origins of knowledge and meaning that has broad implications for cognitive science. Gopnik and Meltzoff interweave philosophical arguments and empirical data from their own and other's research. Both the philosophy and the psychology, the arguments and the data, address the same fundamental epistemological question: How do we come to understand the world around us? Recently, the theory theory has led to much interesting research. However, this is the first book to look at the theory in extensive detail and to systematically contrast it with other theories. It is also the first to apply the theory to infancy and early childhood, to use the theory to provide a framework for understanding semantic development, and to demonstrate that language acquisition influences theory change in children.The authors show that children just beginning to talk are engaged in profound restructurings of several domains of knowledge. These restructurings are similar to theory changes in science, and they influence children's early semantic development, since children's cognitive concerns shape and motivate their use of very early words. But, in addition, children pay attention to the language they hear around them and this too reshapes their cognition, and causes them to reorganize their theories.

Thinking And Language

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Author : Judith Greene
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2016-08-12

Thinking And Language written by Judith Greene and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-08-12 with Psychology categories.

Originally published in 1875, this book discusses thinking and language and traces the development of different pscyological approaches, assessing their theoretical significance and the experimental evidence behind them. It ends by drawing together the various lines of argument to arrive at some general conclusions about language and thought, since it clearly emerges that the two are inextricably linked.

Meaning Expression And Thought

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Author : Wayne A. Davis
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2003

Meaning Expression And Thought written by Wayne A. Davis and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Philosophy categories.

Table of contents

Developing Theories Of Intention

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Author : Philip David Zelazo
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2023-05-31

Developing Theories Of Intention written by Philip David Zelazo and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-05-31 with Psychology categories.

The chapters collected in this volume represent the "state-of-the-art" of research on the development of intentional action and intentional understanding--topics that are at the intersection of current research on imitation, early understanding of mental states, goal-directed behavior in nonhuman animals, executive function, language acquisition, and narrative understanding, to name just a few of the relevant foci. Collectively, the contributors demonstrate that intentionality is a key issue in the cognitive and social sciences. Moreover, in a way that was anticipated more than a century ago by the seminal work of J. Mark Baldwin, they are beginning to reveal how the control of action is related in development to children's emerging self-conscious and their increasingly sophisticated appreciation of other people's perspectives. This volume brings together the world's leading researchers on early social and cognitive development in an in-depth exploration of children's understanding of themselves and others.

Theories Of Consciousness

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Author : William Seager
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2016-02-12

Theories Of Consciousness written by William Seager and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-02-12 with Philosophy categories.

Despite recent strides in neuroscience and psychology that have deepened understanding of the brain, consciousness remains one of the greatest philosophical and scientific puzzles. The second edition of Theories of Consciousness: An Introduction and Assessment provides a fresh and up-to-date introduction to a variety of approaches to consciousness, and contributes to the current lively debate about the nature of consciousness and whether a scientific understanding of it is possible. After an initial overview of the status and prospects of physicalism in the face of the problem of consciousness, William Seager explores key themes from Descartes - the founder of the modern problem of consciousness. He then turns to the most important theories of consciousness: identity theories and the generation problem higher-order thought theories of consciousness self-representational theories of consciousness Daniel Dennett’s theory of consciousness attention-based theories of consciousness representational theories of consciousness conscious intentionality panpsychism neutral monism. Thoroughly revised and expanded throughout, this second edition includes new chapters on animal consciousness, reflexive consciousness, combinatorial forms of panpsychism and neutral monism, as well as a significant new chapter on physicalism, emergence and consciousness. The book’s broad scope, depth of coverage and focus on key philosophical positions and arguments make it an indispensable text for those teaching or studying philosophy of mind and psychology. It is also an excellent resource for those working in related fields such as cognitive science and the neuroscience of consciousness.

Thoughts And Ways Of Thinking

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Author : Benjamin Brown
language : en
Publisher: Ubiquity Press
Release Date : 2017-08-31

Thoughts And Ways Of Thinking written by Benjamin Brown and has been published by Ubiquity Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-08-31 with Philosophy categories.

Why do we think differently from one another? Why do religious people adhere to their faith even against reason, whilst atheist thinkers label it “nonsense”? Why do some judges turn more to moral values and others less? Why do we attach different meanings to the same words? These questions can be tackled on psychological or sociological levels, but we can also analyze the subjects on the epistemological level. That is the purpose of this book. Thoughts and Ways of Thinking offers Source Theory as a single explanation for epistemic processes and their religious, legal and linguistic derivatives. The idea is simple: our senses, our understanding, our memory, the testimonies that we trust, and many other objects transmit data to us and so shape our beliefs. In this function they serve as our truth sources. Different beliefs stem from different sources or different hierarchies between same sources. This notion is formalized here through the new tool of Source Calculus, and, after balancing its relativistic consequences by adding pragmatic constraints, it is applied to the philosophies of religion, law and language. With this unified theory, old doubts are framed in new perspectives, and some of them even find their solution.

Building Theories

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Author : David Danks
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-01-18

Building Theories written by David Danks and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-01-18 with Philosophy categories.

This book explores new findings on the long-neglected topic of theory construction and discovery, and challenges the orthodox, current division of scientific development into discrete stages: the stage of generation of new hypotheses; the stage of collection of relevant data; the stage of justification of possible theories; and the final stage of selection from among equally confirmed theories. The chapters, written by leading researchers, offer an interdisciplinary perspective on various aspects of the processes by which theories rationally should, and descriptively are, built. They address issues such as the role of problem-solving and heuristic reasoning in theory-building; how inferences and models shape the pursuit of scientific knowledge; the relation between problem-solving and scientific discovery; the relative values of the syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic view of theories in understanding theory construction; and the relation between ampliative inferences, heuristic reasoning, and models as a means for building new theories and knowledge. Through detailed arguments and examinations, the volume collectively challenges the orthodox view’s main tenets by characterizing the ways in which the different “stages” are logically, temporally, and psychologically intertwined. As a group, the chapters provide several attempts to answer long-standing questions about the possibility of a unified conceptual framework for building theories and formulating hypotheses.

Theories Of Human Development

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Author : Barbara M. Newman
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2010-10-18

Theories Of Human Development written by Barbara M. Newman and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-10-18 with Psychology categories.

Intended for courses on theories of human development, this new text presents nine theories grouped into three major families - those that emphasize biological systems; those that emphasize environmental factors; and those that emphasize a dynamic interaction between biological and environmental forces. The nine theories selected have a long and productive history in human development and continue to evolve as a result of new insights. The inclusion of social role theory and life course theory expand the book's relevance to the study of adulthood and aging. Grouping the theories by families enhances students' ability to think critically about theoretical ideas, assess the strengths and weaknesses of each theory, and gain a deeper understanding of how each theory guides research and application. The three families are introduced with a brief overview of the unique perspectives of each theory and the rationale for grouping these theories together. Discussion of each theory includes: the historical and cultural context in which the theory was developed; an overview of key concepts and important ideas; new directions in contemporary scientific work; a research example illustrating how the theory has been tested and modified; an application showing how the theory has guided the design of an intervention or program; an analysis of how the theory answers basic questions about human development; and a critique highlighting the theories' strengths and weaknesses. Theories of Human Development serves as a text in advanced undergraduate and/or beginning graduate courses in theories of human development. Its clear organization and engaging writing style make it accessible to students with a minimal background in human development.

Words

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Author : Gyozo Margoczi
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015-02-11

Words written by Gyozo Margoczi and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-02-11 with categories.

Looking at words, in a way that has never been done before... Words form the basis of human thinking. During its history, humankind has been using words without being aware of what words are, what the process of thinking in words looks like and what its pitfalls are. As a result, sometimes we use meaningless words to make meaningless sentences which build up meaningless theories, in a good case, but which, in a bad case, can also build up theories that ruin the lives of millions of people. And all this is not without 'beautiful' consequences: the history of humankind is a sequence of unending plots, genocides, bloody wars and economic crises. While the development of sciences soars uninterruptedly, human studies are struggling in the dust like a bird without wings. Why? Because of words. Or more precisely, because there is an undiscovered, mysterious world where words are rooted and through and in which they live. What to do? Is there a way out? These are the questions this book gives partial answers to. But only if you read it.

Of Thoughts And Words

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Author : Sture Allén
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 1995-11-17

Of Thoughts And Words written by Sture Allén and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995-11-17 with categories.

The concept of language is an elusive one, and the concept of mind even more so. Still the relation between them is of current interest in many quarters. The purpose of the Nobel Symposium on language and mind was to establish a forum for the discussion of this fundamental relation in a creative perspective. Representatives of several fields of knowledge, arts, and research gathered in an interdisciplinary setting, focusing on five aspects: literature, general linguistics, psycholinguistics, neurology, and artificial intelligence. Contents: Literature:A Cat's Meow (J Brodsky)A Mouse's Defence. Discussion of Joseph Brodsky's Paper “A Cat's Meow” (K Espmark)Monstrous Intimacy. Of Literature as Experience. Discussion of Joseph Brodsky's Paper (J Kristeva)The Invisible Intervention. Discussion of Joseph Brodsky's Paper (P Tafdrup)Ark (P Tafdrup)Creativity and Quality. Discussion of Joseph Brodsky's Paper (A Ellegård)General Linguistics:On Language in Relation to the Evolution of Human Consciousness (M A K Halliday)Discussion of M A K Halliday's Paper (Ö Dahl)Semiosis: Language(s), Texts/Discourses, and Grammar(s). Discussion of M A K Halliday's Paper (J Sándor Petöfi)Discussion of M A K Halliday's Paper (S Öhman)Psycholinguistics:Accessing the Mind through Language (W Chafe)Minds, Modules and Evolution. Discussion of Wallace Chafe's Paper (J Aitchison)And There was Snow, Chest High, at Tuolomne Meadows. Discussion of Wallace Chafe's Paper (J Asplund)Speaking about the Inner Environment. Discussion of Wallace Chafe's Paper (P Gärdenfors)Neurology:Language and the Brain. A Look at Brain Circuitry with Functional Brain Imaging (M Raichle)Discussion of Marcus E Raichle's Paper “Language and the Brain: A Look at Brain Circuitry with Functional Brain Imaging” (A Ellegård)Language and Consciousness Ñ Neurolinguistic and Clinical Aspects. Discussion of Marcus E Raichle's Paper (D H Ingvar)Understanding Understanding? Brain Imaging and Experimental Semantics. Discussion of Marcus E Raichle's Paper (T N¿rretranders)Artificial Intelligence:Speechstuff and Thoughtstuff. Musing on the Resonances Created by Words and Phrases via the Subliminal Perception of Their Buried Parts (D R Hofstadter)Language and Mind as Topics in Natural Science. Discussion of Douglas R Hofstadter's Paper (P Kanerva)Distortions. Discussion of Douglas R Hofstadter's Paper (U Linde)IT-ism. Discussion of Douglas R Hofstadter's Paper (P Weissglas)and other papers Readership: General. Keywords:Language;Mind;Creative;GrammarKnowledge;Discourses;Brain;Imaging;Neurolinguistics;Semantics;Literature;Linguistics;Psycholinguistics;Neurology;AI;Evolution;Human Consciousness;Text;Cents