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Xenopus Protocols


Xenopus Protocols
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Chromatin Protocols


Chromatin Protocols
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Author : Peter B. Becker
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-02-03

Chromatin Protocols written by Peter B. Becker and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-02-03 with Science categories.


More than 40 years after the discovery of the nucleosome as the fun- mental unit of chromatin, the multifaceted problem of how variations in ch- matin structure affect the activity of the eukaryotic genome has not been solved. However, during the past few years research on chromatin structure and fu- tion has gained considerable momentum, and impressive progress has been made at the level of concept development as well as filling in crucial detail. The structure of the nucleosome has been visualized at unprecedented reso- tion. Powerful multisubunit enzymes have been identified that alter histone/ DNA interactions in ways that expose regulatory sequences to factors initi- ing and regulating such nuclear processes as transcription. Though the imp- tance of posttranslational modifications of histones, notably their acetylation, has long been known, the finding that a number of bona fide regulators increase transcription by acetylating nucleosomes has lent new support to the old idea that the process of gene regulation is intimately related to the nature of the chromatin environment. A wealth of nonhistone proteins contribute to a continuum of structures with distinct biochemical properties and varying degrees of DNA condensation. Perhaps the most important conclusion from a large number of studies is a fresh appreciation of the dynamic nature of chromatin structure, the built-in flexibility providing the basis for regulation.



Xenopus Protocols


Xenopus Protocols
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Author : STEFAN HOPPLER
language : en
Publisher: Humana Press
Release Date : 2016-08-23

Xenopus Protocols written by STEFAN HOPPLER and has been published by Humana Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-08-23 with Medical categories.


During the 20th century Xenopus has flourished as an accessible experimental model system for studying vertebrate biology. The second edition of Xenopus Protocols:Post-Genomic Approaches expands upon the previous edition with novel approaches inspired by Xenopus tropicalis and the sequencing of its genome. Xenopus tropicalis genomics and tractable genetics combined with the unique experimental advantages of Xenopus laevis and their distinctive phylogenetic position make them unique model systems for vertebrate embryonic development in the 21st century. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and key tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Xenopus Protocols: Post-Genomic Approaches, Second Edition provides a toolkit that will enable every laboratory to maximize the power of this extraordinary experimental system in the post-genomic age.



Developmental Biology Protocols


Developmental Biology Protocols
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Author : Rocky S. Tuan
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-02-05

Developmental Biology Protocols written by Rocky S. Tuan and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-02-05 with Science categories.


Developmental biology is one of the most exciting and fast-growing fields today. In part, this is so because the subject matter deals with the innately fascinating biological events—changes in form, structure, and function of the org- ism. The other reason for much of the excitement in developmental biology is that the field has truly become the unifying melting pot of biology, and provides a framework that integrates anatomy, physiology, genetics, biochemistry, and cellular and mole- lar biology, as well as evolutionary biology. No longer is the study of embryonic development merely “embryology.” In fact, development biology has produced - portant paradigms for both basic and clinical biomedical sciences alike. Although modern developmental biology has its roots in “experimental emb- ology” and the even more classical “chemical embryology,” the recent explosive and remarkable advances in developmental biology are critically linked to the advent of the “cellular and molecular biology revolution.” The impressive arsenal of expe- mental and analytical tools derived from cell and molecular biology, which promise to continue to expand, together with the exponentially developing sophistication in fu- tional imaging and information technologies, guarantee that the study of the devel- ing embryo will contribute one of the most captivating areas of biological research in the next millennium.



Gtpase Protocols


Gtpase Protocols
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Author : Ed Manser
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-02-03

Gtpase Protocols written by Ed Manser and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-02-03 with Science categories.


In the last 10 years researchers have firmly established key roles for R- related GTPases in almost every aspect of cell biology. In the 1980s the pro- oncogene Ras itself was the focus of interest, though in the 1990s this shifted to the increasing variety of Ras-related proteins. In this new decade much yet needs to be done to establish the role for all the small GTPases now uncovered by the human genome project. In particular, these GTPases need to be und- stood in the appropriate biochemical and cellular contexts. In the process of trying to uncover the role of these versatile proteins, a variety of novel te- niques and methodologies has been developed. These now enable investi- tors to move easily within a diversity of fields ranging from structural studies to real-time in vivo analysis of a GTPase. In recognition of the need for access to key background methodologies, GTPase Protocols: The Ras Superfamily is devoted to techniques that are pr- ently widely used and that will continue to be the standard for researchers worldwide. Each chapter is aimed at supplying detailed methodologies to allow reproduction in any laboratory, while also providing the general pr- ciples on which the methods are based. Some of the techniques grouped in the first section apply broadly to small GTPases, whereas others in Part II are more applicable within each GTPase subfamily.



Nuclear Transfer Protocols


Nuclear Transfer Protocols
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Author : Paul J. Verma
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-02-02

Nuclear Transfer Protocols written by Paul J. Verma and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-02-02 with Science categories.


Nuclear Transfer Protocols: Cell Reprogramming and Transgenesis is a comprehensive review of nuclear transfer technology in vertebrates, aimed at reprogramming differentiated nuclei and effecting targeted gene transfer. The emphasis here is on providing readily reproducible techniques for the gene- tion of cloned embryos and animals in a number of key research and commercially important vertebrates. Additional chapters provide alternative cutting-edge methods for nuclear transfer, such as zona-free nuclear transfer and serial nuclear transfer. Of immense practical benefit are descriptions of procedures associated with cloning, such as in vitro maturation of oocytes, activation and culture of cloned embryos, maintenance of pregnancy, and neonatal care of clones. Nuclear Transfer Protocols: Cell Reprogramming and Transgenesis also provides an understanding of the factors involved in nuclear reprogramming, which is imperative for the success of cloning. A section dealing with such cloning-related issues as aging and normality of clones is also included making this an essential comprehensive handbook for research and commercial labo- tories involved in, or intending to work on, nuclear transfer. The volume will prove beneficial to molecular biologists, stem cell biologists, clinicians, biotechnologists, students, veterinarians, and animal care technicians involved with reprogramming, nuclear transfer, and transgenesis.



In Vitro Transcription And Translation Protocols


In Vitro Transcription And Translation Protocols
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Author : Martin J. Tymms
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-02-02

In Vitro Transcription And Translation Protocols written by Martin J. Tymms and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-02-02 with Science categories.


Most laboratories conducting studies that use molecular biology techniques employ in vitro transcription and translation systems as a routine part of their day-to-day research. The commercial availability of purified bacterial RNA polymerase and the availability of robust tra- lation systems has made in vitro systems attractive not only as an alt- native to the in vivo expression of genes, but also as good model systems for studying specific aspects of transcription and translation. Although fairly efficient eukaryotic translation systems have been established for a number of years, reconstitution of transcription in vitro has proved to be more difficult. Recent improvements in fractionation techniques and the cloning of proteins involved in transcription have made this a fast moving area of research. Considerable progress has also been made in recent years in developing in vitro systems to study transcription and translation in chloroplasts and mitochondria, together with systems for the study of protein import. In Vitro Transcription and Translation Protocols provides many detailed experimental procedures for prokaryotic transcription and translation systems, together with protocols for many key techniques used in the analysis of eukaryotic transcription. In keeping with the successful format of preceding volumes of the Methods in Molecular Biology series, step-by-step instructions are provided, together with extensive notes that cover troubleshooting and special tips considered important.



The Laboratory Xenopus Sp


The Laboratory Xenopus Sp
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Author : Sherril L. Green
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2009-12-02

The Laboratory Xenopus Sp written by Sherril L. Green and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-12-02 with Medical categories.


Xenopus have gained increasing popularity as a laboratory animal and continue to serve as an important part of biomedical research. This book offers a practical reference to the care and maintenance of captive clawed frogs. With full-color illustrations of management practices and technical procedures, the text explores the wide range of responsibilities facing individuals who work with this species, from husbandry, compliance, and veterinary care to housing and water quality management. Numerous figures and tables enhance understanding of concepts. An experienced researcher at a top tier institution, the author provides an invaluable guide for facility technicians and animal caretakers.



Xenopus Protocols


Xenopus Protocols
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Author : X. Johné Liu
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-02-02

Xenopus Protocols written by X. Johné Liu and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-02-02 with Science categories.


A collection of standard and cutting-edge techniques for using Xenopus oocytes and oocytes/egg extracts to reconstitute biological and cellular processes. These readily reproducible methods take advantage of the oocyte's impressive protein abundance, its striking protein translation capacity, and its breathtaking possibilities for the assembly of infectious viral particles by single cell injection of multiple RNAs. The authors focus on the versatility of frog oocytes and egg extracts in cell biology and signal transduction, and cover all the major uses of oocytes/extracts as experimental models.



Molecular Toxicology Protocols


Molecular Toxicology Protocols
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Author : Phouthone Keohavong
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-02-03

Molecular Toxicology Protocols written by Phouthone Keohavong and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-02-03 with Medical categories.


A collection of cutting-edge techniques for analyzing genotoxic exposure and detecting the resulting biological effects-including endogenous metabolites-up to and including the development of cancer. The authors emphasize analytical methods that can be specifically applied to human populations and patients. Among the applications detailed are the analysis of interactions between such cellular macromolecules as DNA and proteins and chemical and physical agents, the assessment of medically relevant toxicity, and the characterization of genetic alterations induced in transgenic animals by in vivo systems. There are also methods for the analysis of genotoxic exposure during gene expression, of cytotoxicity caused by the induction of apoptosis, of genetic alterations in reporter genes and oncogenes, early (premalignant) detection of altered oncogenes, and of individual variation in biotransformation and DNA repair capacity.