A Guerra De Africa 1961 1974

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A Guerra De Africa 1961 1974

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Author : José Freire Antunes
language : pt-BR
Publisher:
Release Date : 1995

A Guerra De Africa 1961 1974 written by José Freire Antunes and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with Africa, Portuguese-speaking categories.

A Guerra De Frica 1961 1974

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Author : José Freire Antunes
language : pt-BR
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996

A Guerra De Frica 1961 1974 written by José Freire Antunes and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with categories.

Guerra D Frica 1961 1974

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Author :
language : pt-BR
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015

Guerra D Frica 1961 1974 written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.

Fuzileiros

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Author : Luís Sanches de Baêna
language : pt-BR
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006

Fuzileiros written by Luís Sanches de Baêna and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Angola categories.

Sanctuary Lost Portugal S Air War For Guinea 1961 1974

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Author : Matthew M Hurley
language : en
Publisher: Helion and Company
Release Date : 2023-11-14

Sanctuary Lost Portugal S Air War For Guinea 1961 1974 written by Matthew M Hurley and has been published by Helion and Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-11-14 with History categories.

Based on diverse interpretations of the Real Ceduls (Royal Proclamations) by the Spanish monarchs of earlier centuries, the almost 200-year-old border dispute between Ecuador and Peru became one of the longest-running international armed conflicts in the Western hemisphere. Numerous attempts at a negotiated definition of the borders failed, and the two countries fought at least three wars in the 20th Century. Drawing upon extensive research in the official archives of the Fuerza Aérea del Peru (FAP), and documentation from multiple private sources in Ecuador and Peru, ‘The Air Wars between Ecuador and Peru, Volume 2’ reconstructs the history of the air forces of both nations, and the little-known story of their brief, yet bitter clashes of early 1981. Thanks to the availability of precise details from both parties to the conflict, the volume avoids the usual, biased and one-sided coverage of the conflict, while providing intricate details of the military build-up, capabilities and intentions of both air forces involved, their training, planning, and the conduct of combat operations. Illustrated by more than 100 exclusive photographs, half a dozen maps and 15 authentic colour profiles, ‘Air Wars between Ecuador and Peru, Volume 2’ provides the first authoritative account of the air warfare between Ecuador and Peru in early 1981.

The Flechas

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Author : John Cann
language : en
Publisher: Helion and Company
Release Date : 2014-01-19

The Flechas written by John Cann and has been published by Helion and Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-01-19 with History categories.

In 1961, Portugal found itself fighting a war to retain its colonial possessions and preserve the remnants of its empire. It was almost completely unprepared to do so, and this was particularly evident in its ability to project power and to control the vast colonial spaces in Africa. Following the uprisings of March of 1961 in the north of Angola, Portugal poured troops into the colony as fast as its creaking logistic system would allow; however, these new arrivals were not competent and did not possess the skills needed to fight a counterinsurgency. While counterinsurgency by its nature requires substantial numbers of light infantry, the force must be trained in the craft of fighting a ‘small war’ to be effective. The majority of the arriving troops had no such indoctrination and had been readied at an accelerated pace. Even their uniforms were hastily crafted and not ideally suited to fighting in the bush. In reoccupying the north and addressing the enemy threat, Portugal quickly realized that its most effective forces were those with special qualifications and advanced training. Unfortunately, there were only very small numbers of such elite forces. The maturing experiences of Portuguese and their consequent adjustments to fight a counterinsurgency led to development of specialized, tailored units to close the gaps in skills and knowledge between the insurgents and their forces. The most remarkable such force was the flechas, indigenous Bushmen who lived in eastern Angola with the capacity to live and fight in its difficult terrain aptly named ‘Lands at the End of the Earth’. Founded in 1966, they were active until the end of the war in 1974, and were so successful in their methods that the flecha template was copied in the other theaters of Guiné and Mozambique and later in the South African Border War. The flechas were a force unique to the conflicts of southern Africa. A flecha could smell the enemy and his weapons and read the bush in ways that no others could do. He would sleep with one ear to the ground and the other to the atmosphere and would be awakened by an enemy walking a mile away. He could conceal himself in a minimum of cover and find food and water in impossible places. In short, he was vastly superior to the enemy in the environment of eastern Angola, and at the height of the campaign there (1966–1974) this small force accounted for 60 per cent of all enemy kills. This book is the story of how they came to be formed and organized, their initial teething difficulties, and their unqualified successes.

The Flechas

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Author : John Cann
language : en
Publisher: Helion and Company
Release Date : 2014-01-19

The Flechas written by John Cann and has been published by Helion and Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-01-19 with History categories.

In 1961, Portugal found itself fighting a war to retain its colonial possessions and preserve the remnants of its empire. It was almost completely unprepared to do so, and this was particularly evident in its ability to project power and to control the vast colonial spaces in Africa. Following the uprisings of March of 1961 in the north of Angola, Portugal poured troops into the colony as fast as its creaking logistic system would allow; however, these new arrivals were not competent and did not possess the skills needed to fight a counterinsurgency. While counterinsurgency by its nature requires substantial numbers of light infantry, the force must be trained in the craft of fighting a ‘small war’ to be effective. The majority of the arriving troops had no such indoctrination and had been readied at an accelerated pace. Even their uniforms were hastily crafted and not ideally suited to fighting in the bush. In reoccupying the north and addressing the enemy threat, Portugal quickly realized that its most effective forces were those with special qualifications and advanced training. Unfortunately, there were only very small numbers of such elite forces. The maturing experiences of Portuguese and their consequent adjustments to fight a counterinsurgency led to development of specialized, tailored units to close the gaps in skills and knowledge between the insurgents and their forces. The most remarkable such force was the flechas, indigenous Bushmen who lived in eastern Angola with the capacity to live and fight in its difficult terrain aptly named ‘Lands at the End of the Earth’. Founded in 1966, they were active until the end of the war in 1974, and were so successful in their methods that the flecha template was copied in the other theaters of Guiné and Mozambique and later in the South African Border War. The flechas were a force unique to the conflicts of southern Africa. A flecha could smell the enemy and his weapons and read the bush in ways that no others could do. He would sleep with one ear to the ground and the other to the atmosphere and would be awakened by an enemy walking a mile away. He could conceal himself in a minimum of cover and find food and water in impossible places. In short, he was vastly superior to the enemy in the environment of eastern Angola, and at the height of the campaign there (1966–1974) this small force accounted for 60 per cent of all enemy kills. This book is the story of how they came to be formed and organized, their initial teething difficulties, and their unqualified successes.

Portugal S Guerrilla Wars In Africa

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Author : Al J. Venter
language : en
Publisher: Helion and Company
Release Date : 2013-12-19

Portugal S Guerrilla Wars In Africa written by Al J. Venter and has been published by Helion and Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-12-19 with History categories.

Nominated for the NYMAS Arthur Goodzeit Book Award 2013 Portugal's three wars in Africa in Angola, Mozambique and Portuguese Guinea (Guiné-Bissau today) lasted almost 13 years - longer than the United States Army fought in Vietnam. Yet they are among the most underreported conflicts of the modern era. Commonly referred to as Lisbon's Overseas War (Guerra do Ultramar) or in the former colonies, the War of Liberation (Guerra de Libertação), these struggles played a seminal role in ending white rule in Southern Africa. Though hardly on the scale of hostilities being fought in South East Asia, the casualty count by the time a military coup d'état took place in Lisbon in April 1974 was significant. It was certainly enough to cause Portugal to call a halt to violence and pull all its troops back to the Metropolis. Ultimately, Lisbon was to move out of Africa altogether, when hundreds of thousands of Portuguese nationals returned to Europe, the majority having left everything they owned behind. Independence for all th Indeed, on a recent visit to Central Mozambique in 2013, a youthful member of the American Peace Corps told this author that despite have former colonies, including the Atlantic islands, followed soon afterwards. Lisbon ruled its African territories for more than five centuries, not always undisputed by its black and mestizo subjects, but effectively enough to create a lasting Lusitanian tradition. That imprint is indelible and remains engraved in language, social mores and cultural traditions that sometimes have more in common with Europe than with Africa. Today, most of the newspapers in Luanda, Maputo - formerly Lourenco Marques - and Bissau are in Portuguese, as is the language taught in their schools and used by their respective representatives in international bodies to which they all subscribe. ing been embroiled in conflict with the Portuguese for many years in the 1960s and 1970s, he found the local people with whom he came into contact inordinately fond of their erstwhile 'colonial overlords'. As a foreign correspondent, Al Venter covered all three wars over more than a decade, spending lengthy periods in the territories while going on operations with the Portuguese army, marines and air force. In the process, he wrote several books on these conflicts, including a report on the conflict in Portuguese Guinea for the Munger Africana Library of the California Institute of Technology. Portugal's Guerrilla Wars in Africa represents an amalgam of these efforts. At the same time, this book is not an official history, but rather a journalist's perspective of military events as viewed by somebody who has made a career of reporting on overseas wars, Africa's especially. Venter's camera was always at hand; most of the images used between these covers are his. His approach is both intrusive and personal and he would like to believe that he has managed to record for posterity a tiny but vital segment of African history.

Guerra E Paz Portugal Angola 1961 1974

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Author : W.S.Van Der Waals
language : pt-BR
Publisher: Leya
Release Date : 2015-05-01

Guerra E Paz Portugal Angola 1961 1974 written by W.S.Van Der Waals and has been published by Leya this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-05-01 with History categories.

A Guerra de Angola e considerada a mais sangrenta sublevac?o contra o colonialismo na historia de Africa a sul do Sara. Evoluiu para um conflito que Portugal acabaria por perder, n?o no campo de batalha, mas no corac?o dos seus proprios cidad?os. Depois de uma guerra exaustiva que se arrastou durante treze anos, e perante os constantes revezes sofridos nos seus outros dois territorios africanos dilacerados pela guerra, Portugal, de nervos em franja, acabaria por se auto-infligir o golpe de misericordia. O novo governo de Portugal viria a perder o controlo sobre o processo de descolonizac?o de Angola, resultando dai uma sangrenta guerra civil e um dos conflitos mais preocupantes da Guerra Fria no Terceiro Mundo, que se arrastaria ate 2002.

Flight Plan Africa

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Author : John P. Cann
language : en
Publisher: Helion and Company
Release Date : 2015-05-19

Flight Plan Africa written by John P. Cann and has been published by Helion and Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-05-19 with History categories.

Following the 1952 reorganization of the Portuguese Air Force from the army and naval air arms, Portugal now had an entity dedicated solely to aviation that would bring it into line with its new NATO commitment. As it proceeded to develop a competence in modern multiengine and jet fighter aircraft for its NATO role and train a professional corps of pilots, it was suddenly confronted in 1961 with fighting insurgencies in all three of its African possessions. This development forced it to acquire an entirely new and separate air force, the African air force, to address this emerging danger. This is the story of just how Portuguese leadership anticipated and dealt with this threat, and how it assembled an air force from scratch to meet it. The aircraft available at the time were largely castoffs from the larger, richer, and more sophisticated air forces of its NATO partners and not designed for counterinsurgency. Yet Portugal adapted them to the task and effectively crafted the appropriate strategies and tactics for their successful employment. The book explores the vicissitudes of procurement, an exercise fraught with anti-colonial political undercurrents, the imaginative modification and adaptation of the aircraft to fight in the African theaters, and the development of tactics, techniques, and procedures for their effective employment against an elusive, clever, and dangerous enemy. Advances in weaponry, such as the helicopter gun ship, were the outgrowth of combat needs. The acquired logistic competences assured that the needed fuel types and lubricants, spare parts, and qualified maintenance personnel were available in even the most remote African landing sites. The advanced flying skills, such as visual reconnaissance and air-ground coordinated fire support, were honed and perfected. All of these aspects and more are explored and hold lessons in the application of airpower in any insurgency today.