Analogical Problem Solving
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Analogical Problem Solving
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Author : Mark T. Keane
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1988
Analogical Problem Solving written by Mark T. Keane and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988 with Education categories.
Cognitive And Psychometric Analysis Of Analogical Problem Solving
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Author : Isaac I. Bejar
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Cognitive And Psychometric Analysis Of Analogical Problem Solving written by Isaac I. Bejar and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Psychology categories.
If one were to conduct an analysis of any profession the "ability to think analogically" is more than likely to be one of the requirements for success, be it an architectural studio, a research laboratory, a legal office, or a nuclear plant. Cognitive scientists are aware of the prominence of analogical reasoning in all forms of reasoning and learning, and have devoted substantial effort to ascer taining its nature. Test builders, like cognitive scientists, are aware of the cen trality of analogical reasoning and figure, correctly, that a test that samples a student's ability to think analogically may well be a good predictor of success in a variety of fields. This book is the result of a project to investigate analogical reasoning from both an individual differences and a cognitive perspective. The book is directed to both researchers and practitioners concerned with the nature and measurement of analogical reasoning. Cognitive scientists, linguists, psycholinguists, and natural language researchers will find the seman tic taxonomy and accompanying empirical results food for thought. Test devel opers will fmd it reassuring that performance on verbal analogy items is not just a reflection of the size of a person's vocabulary, and that tests can be designed according to principles, rather than assembled to satisfy a set of statistical speci fications. Psychometricians will find that content and response modelling can go together and that there are distinct benefits in approaching psychometric re sponse modelling from that integrative perspective.
Problem Solving
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Author : S. Ian Robertson
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2003-09-02
Problem Solving written by S. Ian Robertson and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-09-02 with Psychology categories.
Problem solving is an integral part of everyday life yet few books are dedicated to this important aspect of human cognition. In each case, the problem, such as solving a crossword or writing an essay, has a goal. In this comprehensive and timely textbook, the author discusses the psychological processes underlying such goal-directed problem solving, and examines both how we learn from experience of problem solving and how our learning transfers (or often fails to transfer) from one situation to another. Following initial coverage of the methods we use to solve unfamiliar problems, the book goes on to examine the psychological processes involved in novice problem solving before progressing to the methods and processes used by skilled problem solvers or "experts". Topics covered include: how we generate a useful representation of a problem as a starting point; general problem solving strategies we use in unfamiliar situations; possible processes involved in insight or lateral thinking; the nature of problem similarity and the role of analogies in problem solving; understanding and learning from textbooks; and how we develop expertise through the learning of specific problem solving skills. Clear, up-to-date and accessible, Problem Solving will be of interest to undergraduates and postgraduates in cognitive psychology, cognitive science, and educational psychology. The focus on the practical transfer of learning through problem solving will also make it of relevance to educationalists and business psychologists.
Planning And Learning By Analogical Reasoning
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Author : Manuela M. Veloso
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 1994-12-07
Planning And Learning By Analogical Reasoning written by Manuela M. Veloso and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994-12-07 with Computers categories.
This research monograph describes the integration of analogical and case-based reasoning into general problem solving and planning as a method of speedup learning. The method, based on derivational analogy, has been fully implemented in PRODIGY/ANALOGY and proven in practice to be amenable to scaling up, both in terms of domain and problem complexity. In this work, the strategy-level learning process is cast for the first time as the automation of the complete cycle of construction, storing, retrieving, and flexibly reusing problem solving experience. The algorithms involved are presented in detail and numerous examples are given. Thus the book addresses researchers as well as practitioners.
Similarity And Analogical Reasoning
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Author : Stella Vosniadou
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1989
Similarity And Analogical Reasoning written by Stella Vosniadou and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with Medical categories.
Similarity and analogy are fundamental in human cognition. They are crucial for recognition and classification, and have been associated with scientific discovery and creativity. Any adequate understanding of similarity and analogy requires the integration of theory and data from diverse domains. This interdisciplinary volume explores current development in research and theory from psychological, computational, and educational perspectives, and considers their implications for learning and instruction. The distinguished contributors examine the psychological processes involved in reasoning by similarity and analogy, the computational problems encountered in simulating analogical processing in problem solving, and the conditions promoting the application of analogical reasoning in everyday situations.
Problem Solving By Analogy
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Author : Laura Imperatori
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2014-07-11
Problem Solving By Analogy written by Laura Imperatori and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-07-11 with Psychology categories.
Seminar paper from the year 2014 in the subject Psychology - Social Psychology, grade: A, University of Cambridge (Department of Psychology), course: Part IB Experimental Psychology, language: English, abstract: We investigate problem solving by analogy in order to see whether solving a similar, easier problem beforehand aids in deciphering a more complicated one, given that the two problems have a similar (homomorphic) problem state. The two problems that have been used in this experiment are the historic Missionary & Cannibals problem (M&C) as well as its visual representation - referred to as "Counter-Moving" (CM) in the following. The use of analogy in problem solving requires restructuring the problem in order to create an insight - as can be measured by "warmth" ratings - in contrast to problem solving based on trial-and-error learning (mostly common in elementary algebra) as proposed by behaviourists such as Thorndike. The restructuring of the problem relies on mapping from a source domain to a target domain. Since there is an infinite number of possible source domains, many humans have difficulies at spontaneous use of analogy and need its relevance to be highlighted. We have shown that the success rate on the counter-moving problem does differ significantly from the success rate on the M&C problem, which implies that the CM problem is conceptually easier to understand. Hence, we could show that solving a similar, easier problem with a homomorphic problem state does indeed increase the success rate of solving a more complicated one later by comparing the success rates between Groups A and B that solved the problems in opposite orders.
Analogical Reasoning In Children
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Author : Usha Goswami
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2013-10-23
Analogical Reasoning In Children written by Usha Goswami and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-23 with Psychology categories.
Analogical reasoning is a fundamental cognitive skill, involved in classification, learning, problem-solving and creative thinking, and should be a basic building block of cognitive development. However, for a long time researchers have believed that children are incapable of reasoning by analogy. This book argues that this is far from the case, and that analogical reasoning may be available very early in development. Recent research has shown that even 3-year-olds can solve analogies, and that infants can reason about relational similarity, which is the hallmark of analogy. The book traces the roots of the popular misconceptions about children's analogical abilities and argues that when children fail to use analogies, it is because they do not understand the relations underlying the analogy rather than because they are incapable of analogical reasoning. The author argues that young children spontaneously use analogies in learning, and that their analogies can sometimes lead them into misconceptions. In the "real worlds" of their classrooms, children use analogies when learning basic skills like reading, and even babies seem to use analogies to learn about the world around them.
Analogical Reasoning
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Author : D.H. Helman
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-06-29
Analogical Reasoning written by D.H. Helman and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-29 with Philosophy categories.
In the last few years, there has been an enormous amount of activity in the study of analogy and metaphor. This is partly because of an interest of artificial intelligence researchers in simulating learning processes using analogy. It also arises from critical examinations of standard theories in the philosophy of language, with their inbuilt literal/meta phoric distinction. This volume consists of recent previously unpub lished work in this area, with a particular emphasis upon the role of analogies in reasoning and, more generally, their role in thought and language. The papers are contributed by philosophers, computer scientists, cognitive scientists and literary critics. Researchers in these fields whose focus is the study of analogy and metaphor will find much of interest in this volume. These essays can also serve as an introduction to some of the major approaches taken in the investigation of analogy. As noted, this volume brings together the work of researchers in several different disciplines. The various approaches taken with respect to the understanding of analogy tend to be rather different, however, the articles suggest a common conclusion. Analogy and metaphor pervade thought and language; their close investigation thus constitutes a valuable contribution to our understanding of persons. DAVID H. HELMAN Case Western Reserve University vii PART I CONCEPTUAL AND CATEGORICAL THEORIES OF ANALOGICAL UNDERSTANDING MARK TURNER CATEGORIES AND ANALOGIES I want to pursue the following claims: The way we categorize helps explain the way we recognize a statement as an analogy.
Analogical Reasoning In Children
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Author : Usha Goswami
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2013-10-23
Analogical Reasoning In Children written by Usha Goswami and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-23 with Psychology categories.
Analogical reasoning is a fundamental cognitive skill, involved in classification, learning, problem-solving and creative thinking, and should be a basic building block of cognitive development. However, for a long time researchers have believed that children are incapable of reasoning by analogy. This book argues that this is far from the case, and that analogical reasoning may be available very early in development. Recent research has shown that even 3-year-olds can solve analogies, and that infants can reason about relational similarity, which is the hallmark of analogy. The book traces the roots of the popular misconceptions about children's analogical abilities and argues that when children fail to use analogies, it is because they do not understand the relations underlying the analogy rather than because they are incapable of analogical reasoning. The author argues that young children spontaneously use analogies in learning, and that their analogies can sometimes lead them into misconceptions. In the "real worlds" of their classrooms, children use analogies when learning basic skills like reading, and even babies seem to use analogies to learn about the world around them.
Problem Solving
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Author : Hank Kahney
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993
Problem Solving written by Hank Kahney and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Cognition categories.
Presenting an analysis of problem structures and the strategies used in solving problems, this book explores the concept of humans as active processors of information. It also introduces a representative selection of different research methods, and encourages the reader, by means of activities, to become a participant in cognitive psychology.